Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"A Year in the Bones: Investigating Bone Resorption Across a Reproductive Year in Wild Female Assamese Macaques.","authors":"Verena Behringer, Ruth Sonnweber, Suchinda Malaivijitnond, Suthirote Meesawat, Tracy L Kivell, Oliver Schülke, Julia Ostner","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproduction places considerable metabolic demands on females, particularly during pregnancy and lactation, when calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism are challenged. Urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) offers a useful non-invasive marker to assess bone resorption. We measured urinary CTX-I in wild female Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) living at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. A total of 663 urine samples were collected from 19 adult females between June 2017 and January 2019 and analysed using a CTX-I ELISA. Generalised additive modelling revealed a non-linear relationship between days relative to conception and urinary CTX-I levels, with higher values before conception and after parturition, and lower levels during pregnancy. However, this pattern remained when lactating females from the previous year (6 out of 19) were excluded, and further analyses showed that the seasonal, rather than the reproductive term, best-explained variation in urinary CTX-I levels. CTX-I levels showed two annual peaks, with the main one occurring in the late rainy season (August-September). Seasonal changes in urine concentration did not account for this pattern. These findings suggest that, in the study population of Assamese macaques, bone resorption varies with season, possibly in response to environmental or endocrine cycles, rather than being primarily driven by the metabolic demands of reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Against Tebuconazole Exposure in Oreochromis niloticus: Growth, Digestive Enzymes, Intestinal Transporters, Inflammatory/Apoptotic Genes, and Histological Assays.","authors":"Rowida E Ibrahim, Gehad E Elshopakey, Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, Ahmed Saud Alsaqufi, Yousef Ahmed Alkhamis, Mohamed Ashour, Roshmon Thomas Mathew, Tarek Khamis, Afaf N Abdel Rahman, Mohamed Y M Aly","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish health and the sustainability of aquaculture are seriously threatened by exposure to agricultural fungicides. Thus, the current study intended to assess how dietary roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) extract (ROS) protects Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from tebuconazole (TEB)-induced toxicity. Fish (n = 160; 20.16 ± 0.23 g) were distributed into four groups (40 fish/group; 10 fish/replicate) for 60 days. The control and ROS groups were fed on basal diets containing 0% and 1% ROS, respectively. The TEB and ROS + TEB groups were subjected to TEB (0.52 mg/L) and given diets identical to those of the control and ROS groups. TEB exposure reduced the growth by reducing the final weight, weight gain, feed intake, average daily weight gain, and specific growth rate (p < 0.001), while increasing the feed conversion ratio and mortality (37.50%) (p < 0.001) of Nile tilapia. TEB exposure lowered the activities of digestive enzymes (trypsin, lipase, and amylase) and the serum level of growth hormone (p < 0.001), while increasing the leptin level (p < 0.001). TEB toxicity triggered oxidative stress through the elevation of malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.001), the reduction of total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.001), and the inhibition of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities (p < 0.001). The intestinal expression of nutrient transporters (solute carrier 15a1a and solute carrier 4a4) was down-regulated (p < 0.001), while the expression of pro-inflammatory (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8) and apoptotic (Bcl-2-associated X protein) genes was elevated as a result of TEB exposure (p < 0.001). TEB toxicity induced histological lesions in the intestine of the fish such as necrosis of the mucosal epithelium and oedema with infiltration of inflammatory cells (p < 0.001), along with reduced villus length (p < 0.001) and villus surface area (p < 0.001). ROS dietary intervention improved Nile tilapia growth (p < 0.05) and digestive enzyme activities (p < 0.001). ROS improved the antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05) and restored the intestinal histomorphology and gene expression (p < 0.001). Overall, ROS fortification at a level of 1% is recommended for Nile tilapia especially during TEB exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation of Dietary Lipid in Genetically Selected Clarias magur in Term of Gonadal Growth, Reproductive Performance, and Expression of Reproduction-Related Genes.","authors":"Chandan G M, Saiprasad Bhusare, Dhalongsiah Reang, N P Sahu, Parimal Sardar, Manish Jayant, Ashutosh D Deo, Arya P, Vasanthakumaran K, Kedar Nath Mohanta, Shamna N","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 90-day feeding trial was conducted in magur broodstocks (both male and female) using five iso-nitrogenous (36.14% CP), hetero-lipidic (4%-12%), and hetero-energetic (387.02-426.88 Kcal/100 g) semi-purified experimental diets: L4 (4% lipid), L6 (6% lipid), L8 (8% lipid), L10 (10% lipid), and L12 (12% lipid), each tested in triplicate. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased with dietary crude lipid (CL) up to 10%, peaking in the L8 and L10 groups before declining. Absolute fecundity was highest in L10, while relative fecundity peaked in L8. Visceral fat index (VFI) also increased with CL, reaching the highest levels in L10 and L12. Reproductive performance parameters, including egg weight and diameter, improved with increasing CL, with significantly higher values observed from L6 to L12. The Fertilisation (%) and hatching (%) rates were highest (p < 0.05) in the L8 and L10 groups. Third-day larval survival was greatest in L8, while seventh-day survival was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in both L8 and L10 groups. In females, serum glucose and Triacylglycerol (TAG) levels increased with higher lipid intake, peaking in the L10 and L12 groups, while the lowest values were recorded in L4. Estradiol and 11-keto testosterone (11-KT) levels remained unaffected (p > 0.05), whereas 17α, 20β-dihydroxy progesterone (17α,20β-DHP) increased significantly (p < 0.05) up to the 10% lipid-fed groups. Female follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) gene expressions were unchanged, but in males, FSHR expression peaked in L6 to L12, and LHR in L6 to L10. Cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19a1) expression was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in L6 and L8. Regression analysis indicated that the optimal dietary CL level for Magur broodstock, based on reproductive performance, ranges between 8.32% and 8.58%.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Benzoxazinoids, Plant Development and Nutritional Parameters in Different Maize Maturing Genotypes.","authors":"Julia Eichinger, Jürg Hiltbrunner, Pierre Mateo, Christelle A M Robert, Josef J Gross","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maize (Zea mays L.) silage is a major energy source in ruminant diets and provides fermentable substrate for the rumen microbiota. In addition, forage maize contains benzoxazinoids (BXs), defence-related secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity that remain detectable after ensiling. For ruminant nutrition, it is important to know whether variation in BX is associated with changes in forage nutritive value. This study evaluated 14 commercially relevant forage maize genotypes in dairy-producing regions, comprising seven early and seven mid-early maturing genotypes selected from the official Swiss maize trial network. At harvest, plant developmental traits were recorded, nutrient composition was analyzed by near-infrared spectroscopy, and BX concentrations were quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). Maturity groups were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests with Benjamini-Hochberg correction, while associations among variables were assessed using Spearman rank correlations, linear regression models and exploratory principal component analysis (PCA). No significant differences in BX concentrations or nutrient composition were observed between early and mid-early maturing genotypes (all FDR-adjusted p > 0.05). Consistently, PCA did not indicate a separation between maturity groups, and permutational multivariate analysis of variance showed no significant maturity-group effect on the multivariate profile (F = 1.66, R² = 0.121, p = 0.216). Neutral detergent fibre content was negatively correlated with starch concentration (ρ_S = - 0.70, P_S = 0.010, R² = 0.66, P_lm < 0.001), whereas digestible organic matter was correlated with calculated net energy values (ρ_S ≥ 0.95, P_S < 0.001, R² ≥ 0.94, P_lm < 0.001). Several BX metabolite concentrations were negatively correlated with European corn borer incidence, most notably MBOA (ρ_S = - 0.74, P_S = 0.002, R² = 0.16, P_lm = 0.153). Concentrations of DIMBOA and DIMBOA-Glc were positively associated with net energy for lactation (ρ_S = 0.64 and 0.68, P_S = 0.015 and 0.007, R² = 0.32 and 0.34, P_lm = 0.037 and 0.029, respectively). These findings indicate that plant defence capacity and high forage quality can co-occur under practical growing conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Function of Inulin and Its Application in Livestock Production.","authors":"Hao Wang, Yutao Chou, YiYuan Xing, Enkai Li, Xiang Peng, Dingfu Xiao, Zhiqing Li, Xiaokang Ma","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70106","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Inulin is a natural, plant-derived soluble dietary fibre that functions as an indigestible carbohydrate and acts as a prebiotic. Inulin is fermented by the gut microbiota into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the rumen of ruminants and in the hindgut of monogastric animals. These SCFAs exert biological effects through activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), including GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109A, as well as through inhibition of histone deacetylase activity. Collectively, these mechanisms may contribute to the enhancement of intestinal barrier integrity, attenuation of oxidative stress, suppression of inflammatory responses, and maintenance of immune homoeostasis. These physiological effects are closely associated with measurable animal outcomes, including improved average daily gain and feed conversion ratio, reduced diarrhoea incidence, enhanced villus morphology and intestinal barrier indicators, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and improvements in milk yield, milk composition, and egg quality. However, the strength of this relationship depends on species, physiological stage, dietary background, supplementation dose, and study duration. As a natural feed additive, inulin enhances the intestinal health, immunity, growth performance, reproductive outcomes, and lactation efficiency of livestock and poultry, making it a promising option for application in animal husbandry. Based on the synthesised evidence from the studies included in this review, the reported effective dietary inclusion levels of inulin across major livestock and poultry species are summarised as follows. For commercial laying hens, a dietary inulin inclusion of 15 g/kg appears to be a level associated with beneficial responses throughout the production cycle, with consistent improvements documented in laying performance and egg quality parameters. In broiler chickens, 10 g/kg dietary inulin represents a reported effective inclusion level, whether supplemented as a standalone additive or in combination with probiotics, and has been linked to favourable effects on growth performance and intestinal health. In intensive swine production systems, supplementation with 5 g/kg high-purity inulin appeared effective under the conditions of the reviewed studies for weaned piglets, with reported effects of alleviating weaning-associated stress and reducing the incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea. For growing-finishing pigs, a dietary inclusion of 20 g/kg high-purity inulin is a reported effective level associated with improved growth performance and carcass characteristics. In lactating dairy cows, daily supplementation of 200 g of inulin per cow represents a reported effective dosage associated with favourable production outcomes, including enhancements in milk yield and composition, as well as modulation of the ruminal microbial community. In fattening beef cattle, dietary inclusion of 20 g/kg inulin (on a dry matter ba","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Poultry Feed Protein Sources: Trends, Challenges, and Sustainability Perspectives Using FAOSTAT Data.","authors":"Sajjad Hassan Qadeer","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global poultry industry is one of the fastest-growing livestock sectors, with worldwide chicken stocks exceeding 32 billion heads and meat production surpassing 144 million tonnes in 2024 (FAOSTAT, 2026). Conventional protein sources, particularly soybean meal (SBM) and fishmeal, underpin most commercial poultry diets but face mounting challenges related to environmental sustainability, supply-chain volatility, and land-use pressures. This systematic review evaluates global trends in poultry feed protein sources using FAOSTAT production and trade data (2000-2024), alongside evidence from 57 peer-reviewed publications identified through a PRISMA-compliant, multi-database search. A structured literature search was conducted across Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and PubMed using consistent search logic combining poultry, protein-source, and sustainability/nutrition/feed terms. Searches yielded 122 (WoS), 5920 (Scopus), and 1827 (PubMed) records (7869 total; 6215 unique after removing ineligible document types and DOI-matched duplicates). The qualitative synthesis presented here is based on the original WoS-driven screening pipeline (57 included studies); the wider Scopus/PubMed pool was used as a supplementary coverage check rather than fully re-screened, a limitation discussed in Section 4.6. FAOSTAT data sets on chicken stocks, meat production, soybean production, and soybean trade were analysed for 2000-2024. Global chicken stocks grew from ~14.8 billion head in 2000 to ~32.2 billion in 2024, while global soybean production increased from 161 Mt to 418 Mt over the same period. Alternative protein sources-particularly black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), mealworms, single-cell proteins (SCP), microalgae, and co-products such as distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS)-demonstrate high potential as partial or full substitutes for SBM and fishmeal in poultry diets. However, challenges including regulatory restrictions, inconsistent nutritional profiles, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), and production scalability remain significant barriers. Transitioning to diversified, locally sourced, and circular-economy-based protein ingredients is essential to ensure long-term sustainability of the global poultry industry. Policy harmonisation, technological innovation, and consumer acceptance research are critical priority areas for future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148706625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four Haylages, One Metabonome: Defining Diet Driven Metabolic Shifts in Ponies.","authors":"Meriel Moore-Colyer, Pat Harris, Simon Daniels","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Haylage is widely fed to all categories of stabled horses across Europe and New Zealand. Haylage can vary from high energy nutrient dense forage to low energy highly fibrous fodder, yet little is known about the impact different haylages have on metabolism in horses. This study provides the first direct comparison of feeding four different haylages: early cut (Lolium multiflorum), later cut (Lolium perenne) rye grass (R1 and R2); early and late cut meadow grass (M1 and M2), on urinary and faecal metabonomics, in ponies at maintenance. Using replicated Latin Square design, eight individually housed ponies were fed each haylage for 15 days in four periods. Faeces and urine were collected on day 12 for metabonomic profiling. Apparent digestibility was evaluated on 3 days of total faecal collection (days 10-12) before adaptation to the new diet (days 13-15). Metabolic profiles (¹H NMR Spectroscopy), were phased and baseline corrected via TSP singlet δ 0.0. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) via Matlab, was used to identify metabolic profiles and Orthogonal Projections to Latent-Structures Discriminate Analysis (OPLS-DA) models to group specific metabolic changes. Digestibility was determined using multivariate mixed effects modelling +ANOVA. Pre-study urinary metabolic profiles were similar for all ponies. R1 haylage produced differentiating urinary clusters relative to R2 and M1 although no individual metabolites differed significantly. Some faecal R1 clustering was evident. Pairwise metabolites comparisons reflected underlying nutrient profiles. High inter-pony variation did not prevent dietary discrimination, with R1 > M1 > M2 = R2. This study provides the first evidence that haylages differing in maturity and botanical composition generate measurable metabolic shifts in ponies. These findings highlight the biological importance of haylage selection and indicate that metabonomic profiling is a sensitive informative tool for assessing how forage characteristics shape digestive physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of Fatty Acids, Crude Protein and Total Solids in Colostrum in Relation to Health Status Regarding Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome and Certain Parity Groups of Sows.","authors":"Stephan Rosengart, Florian Lohkamp, Bussarakam Chuppava, Hubert Henne, Anne Kathrin Appel, Lea-Sophie Trost, Jens Tetens, Imke Traulsen, Ansgar Deermann, Michael Wendt, Christian Visscher","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colostrum is the main source of nutrients and proteins for newborn piglets. To give each piglet the best possible start in life, it is necessary to evaluate the colostrum according to quality. This has to be done by analysing the components, as component composition is a main quality parameter. To achieve this aim, in this study, the content of total solids, crude protein and 24 fatty acids in colostrum samples was analysed. The colostrum samples from 334 sows were classified according to the parity of the donor sow. Parity group 1 contained parity 1 and 2 sows (n = 93), parity group 2 contained parity 3 and 4 sows (n = 109), parity group 3 contained parity 5 and 6 sows (n = 61) and parity group 4 contained sows in parity 7 and higher (n = 71). In addition, 187 sows were investigated clinically within 2 days after farrowing and divided into three groups according to their health status with regard to postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) (healthy [n = 83], clinically suspicious [n = 74] and diseased sows [n = 30]). In this way, it was tested whether puerperal diseases affected the content of fatty acids, crude protein and total solids. Only a few of the colostrum constituents were directly linked to the health of the sows regarding PDS after farrowing. When comparing the contents of the different fatty acids in % of total fatty acids, the content of C18:0 in the colostrum of clinically suspicious sows was higher than in the colostrum of sows without PDS. The colostrum of sows without PDS had a higher content of C18:2n6c and C18:3n3 than the colostrum of clinically suspicious sows. Furthermore, the colostrum of PDS-diseased sows had a higher proportion of C20:2 than that of clinically suspicious sows. With regard to C24:1, the colostrum of sows without PDS had a higher proportion than that of PDS-diseased sows. In contrast, the parity group of the sows affected the quantity of 15 of the 24 analysed fatty acids. With regard to the proportion of the colostrum constituents in the whole colostrum, the colostrum of younger sows up to the 4th parity compared to older sows often had higher proportions of fatty acids (16 out of 24 parameters with significant differences), especially n-3 (C20:5n3, C22:6n3, C18:3n3) compared with n-6 (C18:2n6c, C18:3n6, C20:3n6, C20:4n6) and n3:n6 ratio (parity group 1: 14.6; parity group 2: 15.1; parity group 3: 15.4 and parity group 4: 15.5). No differences in total solids or crude protein were observed between the health groups regarding PDS or among the parity groups. In summary, there was rarely any link between health status regarding PDS and colostrum constituents, as opposed to a more consistent link between parity groups and colostrum constituents.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Extract Modulates Growth Performance, Haemato-Biochemical Responses, Immune Competence and Histological Health in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822).","authors":"Farhana Hoque, Sudhanshu Sekhar Mishra, Rathindra Nath Mandal, Subhendu Adhikari, Baidya Nath Paul, Arabinda Das, Ajmal Hussan, Subhas Sarkar","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study evaluated the effects of dietary Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract (OGE) on growth performance, haemato-biochemical responses, immune status, and tissue integrity in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). Among different solvent fractions, ethanol and acetone extracts exhibited superior antibacterial activity against major fish pathogenic bacteria. The ethanolic extract demonstrated strong bactericidal activity against Edwardsiella piscicida, Aeromonas veronii, A. sobria, Serratia nematodiphilia, and Pseudomonas putida, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.0078 to 0.0156 mg mL^-1. Time-kill kinetics further confirmed concentration- and time-dependent antibacterial effects, with ≥ 3× MIC producing marked reductions in viable bacterial counts. A 90-day dose standardisation feeding trial using graded dietary inclusion levels of OGE (1×-4× MIC) identified supplementation at 3× MIC for 60 days as the optimum regimen for sustained enhancement of innate immune and antioxidant responses in L. rohita. Fish fed the 3× MIC diet exhibited markedly higher respiratory burst activity, ceruloplasmin, antiprotease activity, myeloperoxidase, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Dietary OGE supplementation markedly improved growth performance, including final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. Haematological indices showed no adverse changes during the feeding phase but improved significantly following A. veronii challenge, with elevated RBC, WBC, haemoglobin, and packed cell volume in OGE-fed group. Serum biochemical analyses revealed transient elevations of glucose, cholesterol, total protein, ALT, AST, LDH, and CRP in OGE-fed fish, accompanied by faster recovery towards basal levels following infection. Dietary OGE supplementation also improved post-challenge survival against A. veronii infection, resulting in a relative percent survival (RPS) of 71.4%. Histopathological severity scoring further demonstrated significantly reduced renal and hepatic lesion scores in OGE-fed fish, whereas the positive control group developed progressive lesions characterised by tubular degeneration, glomerulonephritis, hepatocellular necrosis, vacuolation, and cellular hypertrophy. Overall, dietary supplementation with OGE at 3× MIC for 60 days effectively enhanced growth, immune competence, antioxidant defence, haemato-biochemical stability, and tissue integrity in L. rohita, highlighting its potential as a sustainable phytogenic feed additive in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet-Related Differences Predominate Over Breed-Associated Differences in Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidant Vitamins and Lipid Quality Indices Among Beef Cattle.","authors":"Laíza de Kássia Mendes da Conceição, José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior, Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva, Leonel António Joaquim, Mariana Jucá Moraes, Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues, Joana Inês Ferreira, Ana Maria Ramos Fontes, Maria Pinheiro Spínola, Érica Coutinho David, Antônio Vinicius Correa Barbosa, Bruno Cabral Soares, José António Mestre Prates","doi":"10.1111/jpn.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how nutritional management and genetic background influence hepatic metabolism is important for improving the nutritional quality of bovine products in tropical production systems. This study evaluated breed-associated differences under a common dietary regimen and diet-related differences within the Nelore breed with respect to hepatic cholesterol, lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamins, fatty acid composition and lipid quality indices. Thirty-six intact male cattle were allocated to three experimental groups: Nelore fed a silage-concentrate diet, crossbred (½ Nelore × ½ Angus) fed the same diet, and Nelore fed a high-grain diet. Hepatic cholesterol and antioxidant vitamins were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, whereas fatty acid composition was analysed by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection. No significant differences were observed in hepatic cholesterol concentration for either the breed-associated or diet-related contrasts (p > 0.05). Breed-associated differences were detected for β-carotene, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) (p < 0.05). Diet-related differences significantly affected β-carotene, tocopherols, tocotrienols, several individual fatty acids and lipid quality indices, including the n-6/n-3 ratio and hypocholesterolaemic and hypercholesterolaemic fatty acid indices (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis showed clear separation of animals by dietary treatment, with β-carotene, α-tocopherol and tocotrienols contributing strongly to sample discrimination. Overall, diet-related differences within the Nelore breed were associated with significant changes in a broader range of hepatic lipid and antioxidant variables, whereas breed-associated differences under a common dietary regimen were observed for a more limited set of variables. These findings highlight the importance of nutritional management in modulating hepatic composition and support the use of liver biomarkers to assess metabolic responses in beef cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":14942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}