Journal of Aging Research最新文献

{"title":"Management of Dynapenia, Sarcopenia, and Frailty: The Role of Physical Exercise.","authors":"Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho Sampaio, Priscila Yukari Sewo Sampaio, Marco Carlos Uchida, Hidenori Arai","doi":"10.1155/2020/8186769","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/8186769","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8186769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7013314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37670575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a Treadmill Training Programme in Improving the Postural Balance on Institutionalized Older Adults.","authors":"Natalia Moya Pereira,&nbsp;Marcel Jean Pierre Massè Araya,&nbsp;Marcos Eduardo Scheicher","doi":"10.1155/2020/4980618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4980618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Institutionalized older adults have increased gait and balance impairment compared with community-dwelling older adults. The use of the treadmill for the rehabilitation process has been studied in different groups, but not in the institutionalized elderly.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a treadmill walking workout program on the postural balance of institutionalized older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Postural balance was assessed by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed, and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) on 37 institutionalized older adults (23 in the intervention group and 14 in the control group). Training consisted of a 20-minute treadmill walking workout carried out twice a week for 10 weeks. Measurements were obtained before and after 10 weeks and with 1 month of follow-up for the intervention group. For the control group, the data were obtained before and after the training period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvement occurred in all motor function parameters (BBS: <i>p</i> < 0.01; gait speed: <i>p</i> < 0.01; gait speed: <i>p</i> < 0.01; gait speed: <i>p</i> < 0.01; gait speed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present results permit us to conclude that a treadmill walking program had positive effects on the postural balance of institutionalized older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"4980618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/4980618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37717469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Capacity and Inflammatory Mediators in Elderly Residents of Counties with Different Human Development Index.","authors":"Lygia P Lustosa,&nbsp;Daniele R Xavier,&nbsp;Giane A Ribeiro-Samora,&nbsp;Daniele S Pereira,&nbsp;Adriana N Parentoni,&nbsp;Ronaldo L Thomasini,&nbsp;Leani S M Pereira","doi":"10.1155/2020/9250929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9250929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of studies have indicated that certain factors, including socioeconomic status and education, are associated with the functional health status of the elderly. Another relevant factor in aging is chronic subliminal inflammation, with increased levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor <i>α</i> (TNF-<i>α</i>), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR-1), commonly seen in the elderly. High levels of these inflammatory mediators could impair the functional capacity. In this respect, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare plasma levels of inflammatory mediators and functional capacity of older women living in three Brazilian counties with different Human Development Index. We evaluated 154 women aged ≥65 years, regardless of race and/or social status. IL-6 and sTNFR-1 plasma levels were measured by ELISA and the functional capacity by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test. Comparison among groups was performed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc correction, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests. Women that lived in one of the counties with high HDI had lower functional capacity (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The population from the county with the highest HDI had lower plasma levels of sTNFR-1 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma levels of IL-6 (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Besides this, women from the counties with lower HDI had a higher number of self-reported diseases and higher income (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Women that lived in the county with the highest HDI had a higher average education level (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The results showed differences in functional capacity and plasma levels of sTNFR-1 between the counties. In addition, the level of education, family income, and number of self-reported diseases show regional diversities in the aging process, suggesting these factors having an influence on inflammatory mediators and functional capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"9250929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/9250929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37927096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of 8-Week Aerobic Training on the Skin Microcirculation in Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease.","authors":"Renata Szyguła,&nbsp;Monika Wierzbicka,&nbsp;Grażyna Sondel","doi":"10.1155/2020/4602067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4602067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In the study, 48 men took part with a stabilized and pharmacologically controlled ischaemic disease. The participants were randomly divided into two groups with 24 people in each of them. The research group participated in an aerobic march training. The march was taking place 3 times a week for 30-40 minutes over a period of 8 weeks. In the time of training, the subjects did not practise any other physical activity for 8 weeks. The measurement of skin microcirculation was done by using the laser Doppler flowmeter estimating the values of regular flow and the reactions provoked in response to occlusion and temperature. Signal frequency was also analysed which was received by means of laser Doppler flowmetry in the range from 0.01 to 2 Hz during the regular flow.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the first measurement in relation to the initial values, a decrease in body mass was noted by 2.21 kg on average as well as reduction of systolic and diastolic pressure by 10.4 mmHg and 3.68 mmHg, respectively. The regular flow (RF) increased after the training by 2.21%. The provoked reactions were as follows: hyperemic (PRHmax): an increase occurred by 8.76% and hyperthermic (THmax): an increase occurred by 5.38%. The time needed to achieve PRHmax was reduced by 42% and to achieve THmax, by 22%. The heart rhythm and the signal strength of neurogenic rhythm decreased by approximately 8% and 24%, respectively. The signal strength of endothelial rhythm increased by 19%. In the second measurement, a recourse was noted in the values of indicators under investigation, which were assuming values close to the initial ones. In the control group, the measurement values did not change significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>8 weeks of systematic aerobic training provides a significant improvement of endothelium functioning, expressed by reactivity improvement in skin microcirculation in patients suffering from ischaemic heart disease. It points to aerobic training as a nonpharmacological effective cardioprotective factor. The improvement effects of skin vascular bed functioning in the group of patients with IHD are impermanent, and they disappear after the period in which patients did not exercise physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"4602067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/4602067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37927093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumption of Nuts at Midlife and Healthy Aging in Women.","authors":"Tania-Marisa Freitas-Simoes, Maude Wagner, Cecilia Samieri, Aleix Sala-Vila, Francine Grodstein","doi":"10.1155/2020/5651737","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/5651737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nut consumption may reduce age-related diseases and lead to better health and well-being in aging. Many conditions of aging develop over decades, and thus earlier lifestyle factors may particularly influence later health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 1998 and 2002, we administered food frequency questionnaires to assess nut consumption (peanuts, walnuts, and other nuts and peanut butter) in women in the Nurses' Health Study in their 50 s/early 60 s. In 2012, those who survived beyond 65 years with no chronic diseases, no reported memory impairment, no physical disabilities, and intact mental health were considered \"healthy agers.\" We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for healthy versus usual aging, controlled for sociodemographic, behavioral, dietary, and other potential confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 33,931 participants at midlife, 16% became \"healthy agers.\" After age adjustment, we observed a significant association between total nut consumption at midlife and higher odds of healthy aging, with strongest associations observed excluding peanut butter (odds ratio (OR) = 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-1.62, ≥3 servings/week versus none). Findings were attenuated after further control for covariates, including overall diet quality (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.28, <i>P</i> trend = 0.05). For nut types, we found statistically significantly higher odds of healthy aging across peanuts, walnuts, and other nuts after age adjustment. After full control for confounders, only walnut consumption remained associated with healthy aging (<i>P</i> trend = 0.0001); for example, the OR was 1.20 (95% CI 1.00-1.44) for ≥2 servings/week versus none.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Women consuming nuts at midlife have a greater likelihood of overall health and well-being at older ages. Nut consumption may represent a simple intervention to explore and promote healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2020 ","pages":"5651737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7199627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37927094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tube Feeding in Individuals with Advanced Dementia: A Review of Its Burdens and Perceived Benefits.","authors":"Ezekiel Oluwasayo Ijaopo,&nbsp;Ruth Oluwasolape Ijaopo","doi":"10.1155/2019/7272067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7272067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dementia remains a growing concern for societies globally, particularly as people now live longer. About 90% of individuals with advanced dementia suffer from eating problems that lead to general health decline and ultimately impacts upon the physical, psychological, and economic wellbeing of the individuals, caregivers, and the wider society.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the burdens and perceived benefits of tube feeding in individuals with advanced dementia.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Narrative review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Computerized databases, including PubMed, Embase, Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar were searched from 2000 to 2019 to identify research papers, originally written in or translated into English language, which investigated oral versus tube feeding outcome in individuals with advanced dementia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 400 articles were retrieved. After quality assessment and careful review of the identified articles, only those that met the inclusion criteria were included for review.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tube feeding neither stops dementia disease progression nor prevents imminent death. Each decision for feeding tube placement in individuals with advanced dementia should be made on a case-by-case basis and involve a multidisciplinary team comprising experienced physicians, nurses, family surrogates, and the relevant allied health professionals. Careful considerations of the benefit-harm ratio should be discussed and checked with surrogate families if they would be consistent with the wishes of the demented person. Further research is required to establish whether tube feeding of individuals with advanced dementia provides more burdens than benefits or vice-versa and evaluate the impacts on quality of life and survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2019 ","pages":"7272067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/7272067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37535584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"There's More to Frail than That\": Older New Zealanders and Health Professionals Talk about Frailty.","authors":"Susan B Gee,&nbsp;Gary Cheung,&nbsp;Ulrich Bergler,&nbsp;Hamish Jamieson","doi":"10.1155/2019/2573239","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/2573239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is general agreement that frailty is common and important in later life, but there is less agreement about what frailty is. Little is known about the extent to which practicing health professionals and older people hold a mutual understanding of frailty. Focus groups were held to engage older people and health professionals in discussion about what made them think that someone was frail. Eighteen older people took part across three focus groups, and se'venteen health professionals took part across another three focus groups. Both the health professionals and the older people talked about the experience of frailty as an interplay of physical, psychological, and social dimensions. Older people with frailty were seen as needing help and being vulnerable to adverse outcomes, but accepting help was positioned by older people as an adaptive choice. The experience of frailty was described as being mediated by the individual's psychological mindset, highlighting the importance of approaches that recognise strengths and resilience. A broader and more balanced understanding of frailty may help create more rounded and appropriate approaches to assessment and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2019 ","pages":"2573239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/2573239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37524177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation on Brain Morphology in Older Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.","authors":"Catherine M Mewborn,&nbsp;Cutter A Lindbergh,&nbsp;B Randy Hammond,&nbsp;Lisa M Renzi-Hammond,&nbsp;L Stephen Miller","doi":"10.1155/2019/3709402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3709402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A growing literature emphasizes the importance of lifestyle factors such as nutrition in successful aging. The current study examined if one year of supplementation with lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), two nutrients with known antioxidative properties and cognitive benefits, impacted structural brain outcomes in older adults using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial design. Community-dwelling older adults (20 males and 27 females) aged 65-87 years (<i>M</i> = 71.8 years, SD = 6.04 years) were randomized into supplement (<i>N</i> = 33) and placebo groups (<i>N</i> = 14) using simple randomization. The supplement group received 10 mg L + 2 mg Z daily for 12 months while the placebo group received a visually identical, inert placebo. L and Z were measured via retinal concentrations (macular pigment optical density or MPOD). Structural brain outcomes, focusing on global and frontal-temporal lobe regions, were acquired using both T1-weighted and DTI MRI sequences. We hypothesized that the supplement group would increase, maintain, or show attenuated loss in hypothesized regions-of-interest (ROIs) while the placebo group would show age-related declines in brain structural integrity over the course of the trial. While results showed age-related declines for frontal and temporal gray and white matter volumes, as well as fornix white matter microstructure across both groups, only minimal differences were found between the supplement and placebo groups. However, exploratory analyses showed that individuals who responded better to supplementation (i.e., showed greater increases in MPOD) showed less decline in global and prefrontal gray matter volume than supplement \"nonresponders.\" While results suggest that one year of L and Z supplementation may have limited effects on structural brain outcomes overall, there may be a subsample of individuals for whom supplementation of L and Z provides greater benefits. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02023645.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2019 ","pages":"3709402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/3709402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37486106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young Coconut Juice Reduces Some Histopathological Changes Associated with Alzheimer's Disease through the Modulation of Estrogen Receptors in Orchidectomized Rat Brains.","authors":"Tatcha Balit,&nbsp;Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab,&nbsp;Nisaudah Radenahmad","doi":"10.1155/2019/7416419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7416419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Propos</i>e. This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of young coconut juice (YCJ) against the pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in orchidectomized (orx) rats. <i>Methods and Results</i>. Animals were divided into 7 groups including: baseline normal control group, sham control, orx rat group, orx rat group injected with 2.5 <i>μ</i>g/kg b.w. estradiol benzoate (EB) 3 days a week for 10 weeks, and the orx rat groups treated orally with 10, 20, and 40 ml/kg b.w. of YCJ for 10 weeks. At the end of treatment period, animals were sacrificed and the brain of each rat was removed, fixed in 10% neutral formalin, and stained by specific antibodies against NF200, parvalbumin (PV), <i>β</i>-amyloid (A<i>β</i>), and estrogen receptors (ER<i>α</i> and ER<i>β</i>). The results showed that the number of NF200- and PV-reactive neurons in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex was significantly reduced in orx rats. However, it restored to normal in orx rats injected with EB or those administrated with YCJ in a dose-related manner. Neurons containing <i>β</i>-amyloid (A<i>β</i>), a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), were found to be increased in the orx rats; however; they were reduced by EB injection or YCJ administration. These results suggested the binding of the YCJ active ingredient(s) with estrogen receptors (ERs) in the brain as indicated by the detection of ER<i>α</i> and ER<i>β</i> in neurons since a significant correlation was detected between NF200-/PV-reactive neurons vs ER<i>α</i>-/ER<i>β</i>-reactive neurons.<i>Conclusion</i>. It could be concluded that YCJ is effective as EB in reducing AD pathology, probably by being selective estrogen receptor modulators.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2019 ","pages":"7416419"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/7416419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37499225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivational Strategies to Prevent Frailty in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Focused Review.","authors":"J A Vaccaro, T Gaillard, F G Huffman, E R Vieira","doi":"10.1155/2019/3582679","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/3582679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of diabetes among Americans aged 65 years and older is greater than 25%. Medical expenditures for persons with diabetes are more than twice as high as those for patients without diabetes. Diabetes in older adults often times coexists with frailty, resulting in reduced quality of life and increased health-care use. Many older adults with type 2 diabetes have mobility impairments and experience falls, which contributes to increased frailty. Exercise has a protective effect for frailty and falls, yet less than half of persons with diabetes exercise and approximately one-quarter meet exercise recommendations. In addition to exercise, nutrition may help reduce the risk for falls; however, nutritional interventions have not been tested as a fall-prevention intervention. According to a review, there is insufficient evidence to create nutritional guidelines specific for frail older adults with type 2 diabetes. There is a need to motivate and empower older adults with type 2 diabetes to make lifestyle changes to prevent frailty. The purpose of this review was to identify and integrate what is known and what still needs to be done for this population to be successful in making health behavior changes to reduce frailty. There is some evidence that motivational approaches have worked for older adults with various chronic disease conditions. However, studies applying motivational strategies are lacking for frail older adults with type 2 diabetes. A novel motivational approach was described; it combines aspects of the Health Belief Model and Motivational Interviewing. Intervention studies incorporating this model are needed to determine whether this client-driven strategy can help various racial/ethnic populations make the sustainable health behavior changes of increasing exercise and healthy eating while taking into consideration physiological, psychological, and economic barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aging Research","volume":"2019 ","pages":"3582679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6893277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37499224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}