Journal of Austrian-American History最新文献_第4页

Welcome to Vienna: The Story of Austria as Reflected in the British and American Versions of the Soldier’s Guides to Austria 欢迎来到维也纳:奥地利的故事，反映在英国和美国版本的奥地利士兵指南

Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.2.0180

Anat Varon

{"title":"Welcome to Vienna: The Story of Austria as Reflected in the British and American Versions of the Soldier’s Guides to Austria","authors":"Anat Varon","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.2.0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.2.0180","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article discusses and analyzes British and American perceptions, postwar planning aims, and stereotypes about Austria and its future restoration–post World War II. The article uses the concept of “militourist gaze” in order to compare differences and similarities between the British and the American attitudes reflected in their military handbooks for Austria. Through comparative research and close reading of Austria—A Soldier’s Guide, with other Second World War II soldier’s guides that were published by the British and the Americans respectively, we can conclude that it was the British and not the Americans who published the booklet Austria—A Soldier’s Guide. Furthermore, a typeset titled “A Short Guide to Austria,” found in the British National Archives, reveals the American version of the soldier’s guide to Austria, although this version was never published and both armies distributed the British guide to their troops. Using the militourist gaze in our interpretation of the soldier’s guide(s) to Austria we can better understand how British and American military media used prewar stereotypes on Austrians and Austria in order to rebuild Austrian nationhood vis-a-vis Germany. In this sense the British Austria—A Soldier’s Guide holds a special place since it is intended not only for army indoctrination of troops and their mission in Austria, but also as a means of national propaganda for the Austrians themselves, both by using the Moscow Declaration as subtext in the guide and by voicing prewar Austrian self-understanding from the interwar period.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122435778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rudolf Modley and the Americanization of Isotype 鲁道夫·莫德利与同型的美国化

Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.1.0032

G. Sandner

引用次数: 0

Building a Presence along the Danube: A Fresh Look at OSS and SSU Austria in 1945 and 1946 在多瑙河沿岸建立存在:重新审视1945年和1946年奥地利OSS和SSU

Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.2.0122

D. Bare, S. Beer

{"title":"Building a Presence along the Danube: A Fresh Look at OSS and SSU Austria in 1945 and 1946","authors":"D. Bare, S. Beer","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.2.0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.2.0122","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article assesses the activities of US intelligence services in early Cold War Austria along four separate, albeit linked axes. The organizations under observation, namely, Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and Strategic Services Unit (SSU) Austria, as well as (to a lesser extent) Central Intelligence Group (CIG) Austria, are explored differently than as in the past, cast not as cogs within a larger intelligence machinery directed from Washington, DC (headquarters) but rather as relatively autonomous producers of regional intelligence that was disseminated locally, laterally, and up the inner-organizational chain of command (“the field”). Key to discovering how OSS, SSU, and CIG evolved in Austria (rather than as the result of changes effected in Washington, DC, or its surroundings) are the interactions between middle management in Austria and senior leadership in Washington, several of whom were former “field” men (or women) themselves. Austrian-based staffing and reporting, operational successes and failures, as well as biographical sketches of several key individuals in question are presented, allowing for fresh insights into how each organization actually operated in Austria to be gained. Through studying these aspects jointly, the authors posit the emergence of a unique intelligence culture among US intelligence officers shaped by their shared Austrian experience, perhaps denoting a more efficient and fruitful approach to local and regional peculiarities.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130374549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The European Recovery Program in Austria and Its Impact on the Pulp and Paper Industry’s Interaction with Water Resources along the River Mur 奥地利的欧洲恢复计划及其对纸浆和造纸工业与穆尔河沿岸水资源相互作用的影响

Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.1.0001

Sofie Pfannerer-Mittas

{"title":"The European Recovery Program in Austria and Its Impact on the Pulp and Paper Industry’s Interaction with Water Resources along the River Mur","authors":"Sofie Pfannerer-Mittas","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using the case study of Brigl & Bergmeister, a pulp and paper–producing company located in the southern part of Austria, this article explores the impact of the European Recovery Program (ERP) on the pulp and paper industries’ interaction with water resources. The invention of technology to use wood for pulp and paper production in the nineteenth century created a strong interaction between material arrangements and the practices of pulp and paper production. The ERP could build on an existing network of production sites and changed their interaction with their environment in several ways. This is shown by using the concept of the socio-natural site. Concerning organizational structures that were created by the ERP and the impact of decisions that were made at the time, the article takes several things into account: The goals of the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) that coordinated the financing of the investment projects and how these translated into changes in the interaction of practices and material arrangements, knowledge exchange that was facilitated by the ERP, and awareness of pollution and possibilities for measuring pollution at the time. The export-oriented economic goals of the ERP, together with a favorable natural resource situation, prioritized pulp and paper production, and therefore strengthened a resource-intensive industry. While some aspects of water use in pulp production became more efficient, the investments also created path dependencies that fixed existing polluting practices for the following decades.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126074483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Austrian Refugee Children: Agency, Experience, and Knowledge in Ernst Papanek's “Preliminary Study” from 1943 论奥地利难民儿童:恩斯特·帕帕内克1943年“初步研究”中的代理、经验和知识

Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0111

Steinberg

引用次数: 0

Jumbled Mosaics: Exploring Intracategorical Complexity in the Memoirs of Jewish Austrian (Youth) Emigrants to the United States 混乱的马赛克:探索范畴内复杂性的犹太奥地利(青年)移民到美国的回忆录

Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0129

Corbett

{"title":"Jumbled Mosaics: Exploring Intracategorical Complexity in the Memoirs of Jewish Austrian (Youth) Emigrants to the United States","authors":"Corbett","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0129","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article offers a comparative analysis of a selection of memoirs of Jewish Austrians who fled to the United States under National Socialism, drawing primarily on unpublished memoirs from the Austrian Heritage Collection held at the Leo Baeck Institute in New York. The article applies an intersectional approach to demonstrate how these memoirs can contribute to a more nuanced historiographical reconstruction of the complex processes of memory and identity formation that accompanied persecution, flight, exile, and survival abroad than have often been undertaken hitherto. Intergenerational discourse is of particular interest here, as is the intersection of age and generation with other analytical categories such as religious and/or cultural identity within the family, gender, schooling, friendships and social networks, class and political orientation, as well as practical issues surrounding integration in the United States during and after the 1940s such as language and the consequent transculturality of the Jewish Austrian exile community. The article demonstrates that each life story constitutes its own idiosyncratically “jumbled mosaic” – a compelling epithet used by one of the memoirists that captures perfectly both the unique subjectivity but also intracategorical complexity of the individual life stories.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131185135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Guest Editor's Introduction 特邀编辑简介

Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.1.0093

Jacqueline Vansant

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The Spy Story Behind The Third Man 第三个人背后的间谍故事

Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0001

Riegler

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Representing Austrian, American, and Mexican Interests: Consul Charles Frederick de Loosey in Emperor Maximilian's Diplomacy, 1864–1867 代表奥地利、美国和墨西哥的利益:领事查尔斯·弗雷德里克·德·卢西在马克西米利安皇帝的外交中，1864-1867

Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/JAUSTAMERHIST.4.0073

Bertonha

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“To be in connection with you again makes me feel much more at home here”: Hans (John) Kautsky's First Letter from the United States “再次与你联系，使我在这里更有家的感觉”——汉斯(约翰)考茨基《从美国来的第一封信

Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.0158

引用次数: 0