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Journal of Austrian-American History最新文献

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From “Socialist Accounting” to the “Livelihood of Man”: The Viennese and the Columbia Polanyi 从“社会主义会计”到“民生”:维也纳人与哥伦比亚人波兰尼
Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.2.0213
Silvia Rief
{"title":"From “Socialist Accounting” to the “Livelihood of Man”: The Viennese and the Columbia Polanyi","authors":"Silvia Rief","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.2.0213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.2.0213","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recent commentary on Karl Polanyi’s oeuvre has argued that the émigré scholar abandoned his earlier concerns of working out a (socialist) alternative to liberal market society when delving into the institutional study of ancient economies at Columbia University from the late 1940s to the late 1950s. This article reconsiders Polanyi’s late work through the lens of his 1920s efforts to theorize socialist accounting and a socialist economy in the context of the early Viennese socialist calculation debate. While many interpretations have been provided of Polanyi’s early and late work, the gradual—for some even “great”—transformation that led to his focus on ancient economic history has neither been reconstructed in detail nor fully understood. Focusing on how Polanyi’s socialist agenda of the earlier years laid the grounds for his institutional approach to economic history, this article draws attention to certain authors who have only rarely been taken into account, in particular, to Otto Neurath and Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk. Polanyi’s late work sits ambiguously between Austrian School economic theory on the one hand and economic history in a “substantive” key, first outlined by Neurath, on the other hand. This Viennese heritage bequeathed both an implicit naturalism and an implicit socialism in Polanyi’s late studies.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124167297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mountain Rescue in Translation: Neuzeitliche Bergrettungstechnik and the Cultural Resignification of Alpinism 翻译中的高山救援:新思想与高山主义的文化辞职化
Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.2.0138
Mark S. Weiner
{"title":"Mountain Rescue in Translation: Neuzeitliche Bergrettungstechnik and the Cultural Resignification of Alpinism","authors":"Mark S. Weiner","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.2.0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.2.0138","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay reconstructs the story of the 1963 English translation of Sebastian “Wastl” Mariner’s classic mountain rescue manual Neuzeitliche Bergrettungstechnik, published by the Alpenverein in 1949, by two members of the Seattle-based Mountain Rescue Council. Both translators, Otto T. Trott and Kurt G. Beam, were refugees of National Socialism. In tracing the story of Mountain Rescue Techniques, the essay suggests some of the ironies that attended the historical process through which German and Austrian Alpinism gradually lost its Nazi associations. The essay also offers a case study in the growing field of the history of migrant knowledge.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131088620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Being a “Solomon” in Washington: Evaluating and Processing OSS and SSU Intelligence from Austria, 1945–1946 成为华盛顿的“所罗门”:评估和处理奥地利的OSS和SSU情报，1945-1946
Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.2.0169
D. Bare, Siegfried Beer
{"title":"Being a “Solomon” in Washington: Evaluating and Processing OSS and SSU Intelligence from Austria, 1945–1946","authors":"D. Bare, Siegfried Beer","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.2.0169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.2.0169","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article discusses the processing, reporting, evaluation, and dissemination of intelligence from Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and Strategic Services Unit (SSU) missions in Austria both locally and in Washington, DC. We begin by briefly reviewing the organization of OSS Austria after which the question of who was evaluating intelligence from Austria locally and in Washington is addressed. Then, we compare the roles of the Secret Intelligence (SI) Reports (or Reporting) Board and, until October 1945, OSS Research and Analysis (R&A) both in Austria and Washington. This leads to our first major postulation, namely, that it was not R&A that evaluated field intelligence but, rather, the SI Reports Board. Coupled with their training, competence, and knowledge, when R&A was transferred to the State Department at the end of September 1945, it did not have a noticeable impact upon either Austrian-based reporting or its quality. Using both internal and external assessments, we instead suggest that the quality of intelligence from Austria improved after R&A and SSU parted in October 1945. Finally, we examine some of the external customer requests OSS/SSU Austria received, how these were acted upon, and what reaction(s) they generated.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125512782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Austria and Hungary at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair: A Hint of the End 奥地利和匈牙利在1904年圣路易斯世界博览会上:结束的暗示
Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.2.0109
Samuel D. Albert
{"title":"Austria and Hungary at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair: A Hint of the End","authors":"Samuel D. Albert","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.2.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.2.0109","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the Austrian participation at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair, focusing particularly on the display of art. Spread across two venues, the Austrian Pavilion and the Palace of Fine Arts, the display, with contributions from the Mánes Association of Fine Artists, Society of Polish Artists “Sztuka,” the Hagenbund, and the Vienna Künstlergenossenschaft illustrates the changes taking place in Cisleithanian art at the time, with the emergence and increased recognition of nationally organized art societies, whose very existence questioned the long-standing supremacy of Vienna art institutions. A further contrast is made with the Hungarian art exhibition at the same fair. Unlike the Austrian exhibit, housed in its own free-standing exhibition space, the much more modest Hungarian exhibit was divided in two. Fine arts were displayed in the Palace of Fine Arts, while decorative arts and crafts were displayed in a pavilion built inside of the exhibition hall. The author ends by contrasting the 1904 exhibition spaces with those of the 1900 Paris exhibition.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130290041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
István Deák and World War II in Europe István Deák和欧洲的第二次世界大战
Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0052
Norman Naimark
{"title":"István Deák and World War II in Europe","authors":"Norman Naimark","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 After a short review of aspects of Istvan Deák’s brief but important teaching stints at Stanford, this article explores his work on World War II and the Holocaust. Deák’s writing on these subjects was profoundly influenced by his own wartime experiences in Hungary. But his understanding of the war, collaboration, resistance, and persecution was also characterized by his deeply scholarly appreciation for the historical complexities of the period.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115370716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Behalf of the Undergraduates 我代表本科生们
Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0093
Paul Hanebrink, Benjamin Frommer
{"title":"On Behalf of the Undergraduates","authors":"Paul Hanebrink, Benjamin Frommer","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0093","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 István Deák was a gifted teacher of undergraduates as well as graduate students. In this essay, two Columbia College alumni who were inspired to become historians because they took classes with István as undergraduates remember his inspiring presence in the classroom.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116212638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Writing Gender into the “István Deák School of History” 把性别写进“István Deák历史学派”
Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0066
N. Wingfield
{"title":"Writing Gender into the “István Deák School of History”","authors":"N. Wingfield","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This contribution discusses István Deák’s influence on the rapidly expanding field of gender in Habsburg Central Europe. While Deák did not employ gender as a category of analysis in his own work, some of the categories he did analyze, including collaboration and resistance, war and retribution, and the Habsburg military, and the way he analyzed them, often with a focus on social history, helped open the way for some of his students to move into the newer field of gender and sexuality.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"49 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114125698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
István Deák’s “Czech” School
Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0058
Cynthia J. Paces
{"title":"István Deák’s “Czech” School","authors":"Cynthia J. Paces","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Students of István Deák have been at the forefront of problematizing the Czech national narrative, particularly following the fall of Communism. The Czech nationalist interpretation of history casts the Czechs as an imprisoned nation within Austria (and later inside the Soviet bloc). In this schema, the 1620 Battle of White Mountain ushered in an era of temno (darkness) during which the Germanic Habsburgs suppressed the Czech national language and culture. This article examines how scholars who studied with Deák complicated this narrative by investigating national indifference and fissures within the nineteenth- and twentieth-century national movements.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128652096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
István Deák: A Historian Who Cared about the Jews István Deák:一位关心犹太人的历史学家
Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0074
Marsha L. Rozenblit
{"title":"István Deák: A Historian Who Cared about the Jews","authors":"Marsha L. Rozenblit","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article will demonstrate how the Habsburg historian István Deák always paid significant attention in his scholarship to the role of Jews in Central European society. In his first book on left-wing intellectuals in Weimar Germany, his 1979 study of Louis Kossuth, the leader of the Hungarian revolution of 1848, his magnum opus on the Habsburg army officer corps (1990), and his later work on collaboration and resistance in Nazi-occupied Europe, Deák revealed much about both the assimilation of Jews into European society and their rejection by that society. In his book on Kossuth, Deák demonstrated the ambivalence of the revolutionaries, whose liberalism impelled them to emancipate the Jews at the same time as many thought them incapable of Magyarization. Ultimately, it was Jewish loyalty to the Hungarian cause that made the Hungarian revolutionaries extend equal rights to the Jews. In his book on the army officers, Deák clearly demonstrated how the late Habsburg army refused to allow anti-Jewish prejudice to flourish. Unfortunately, many Habsburg Jewish officers were deported to the death camps during World War II.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125131769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“De-Fiddler-on-the-Roof-ization” “De-Fiddler-on-the-Roof-ization”
Journal of Austrian-American History Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0080
Rebekah Klein-Pejšová
{"title":"“De-Fiddler-on-the-Roof-ization”","authors":"Rebekah Klein-Pejšová","doi":"10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.7.1.0080","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ways in which István Deák’s scholarship influences East Central European Jewish historiography present a paradox. While on one hand he elevates a deeply human approach to history writing that centers on individuals and their choices and highlights contingencies and patterns of behavior, on the other he is preoccupied with the institutions that hold states together. In this way, Jews largely represent a Staatsvolk, a state people, in his work, whose allegiance to Austria-Hungary proved especially fateful following the monarchy’s demise. Yet, under his mentorship, students became disabused of ideologies and abstraction and study not nostalgic perceptions but Jews as regular people, earnestly and authentically.","PeriodicalId":148947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian-American History","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134058476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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