Journal of Aerosol Science最新文献

{"title":"Multi-frequency photothermal interferometry of single aerosol particles","authors":"Felix W. Stollberger ,&nbsp;Michael J. Gleichweit ,&nbsp;Ruth Signorell ,&nbsp;Alexander Bergmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The frequency dependence of photothermal and photoacoustic signals provides information on evaporation, condensation, and heat transfer processes in aerosol particles. Performing such measurements at the single particle level increases accuracy and provides access to various particle properties. Previously, this was not possible due to the resonant acoustic signal amplification required in photoacoustics, which restricted usable modulation frequencies to a single value. In this study, we introduce the use of multi-frequency photothermal interferometry (n<span><math><mi>ω</mi></math></span>-PTI) on single, optically trapped particles and experimentally investigate the frequency dependence of the photothermal signal. The observed signal and its dependence on the optical and thermophysical properties of the particle and the interferometer probe beam are analyzed by an accompanying theoretical model. Our measurements prove the applicability of the presented method and indicate a stronger frequency dependence of the photothermal amplitude from single particles than previously observed in bulk measurements. Furthermore, we were able to decouple the contributions from the particle temperature and the thermal wave propagation and examine their frequency dependencies individually. Finally, we analyzed the direct influence of the particle on the measured signal and showed the potential of frequency-resolved photothermal measurements to study thermophysical parameters or optical properties at the single particle level in the Knudsen transition regime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic of infectious aerosols generated by cough from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"Taline Canto Tristão ,&nbsp;Mariana Abou Mourad Ferreira ,&nbsp;Pedro Sousa de Almeida Júnior ,&nbsp;Luiz Guilherme Schmidt Castellani ,&nbsp;Manuela Negrelli Brunetti ,&nbsp;Edward C. Jones-López ,&nbsp;Kevin P. Fennelly ,&nbsp;Michael R. Barer ,&nbsp;Carlos Henrique Fantecelle ,&nbsp;Saulo Almeida Morellato ,&nbsp;David Jamil Hadad ,&nbsp;Jerrold J. Ellner ,&nbsp;Reynaldo Dietze ,&nbsp;Moisés Palaci","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease transmitted through aerosols frequently generated by coughing and it is still unknown whether there is variability in cough aerosol output throughout the day and whether this may impact patients’ infectivity categorization. To study the dynamic of infectious aerosols generated by cough, we conducted a cross-sectional study on pulmonary TB patients (n = 16) who had their cough-generated aerosols sampled twice daily for two consecutive days for the Cough Aerosol Sampling System (CASS) assay. Most patients were classified as Variable Low Producers and Variable High Producers (n = 10; 62.5 %), followed by Negative Producers (n = 4; 25 %) and Consistent Producers (n = 2; 12.5 %). Additionally, most recovered bacilli (88.7 %) within a respiratory aerosol size range. Although the time of collection did not appear to impact on aerosol infectivity, performing CASS with multiple samples allowed for more accurate detection and distinction among aerosol producers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent supersaturation of C2-C4 alcohols and water in a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) to measure naturally charged flame-formed carbonaceous aerosols smaller than 3 nm","authors":"Farnaz Khosravi ,&nbsp;Gregory S. Lewis ,&nbsp;Arantzazu Eiguren Fernandez ,&nbsp;Francesco Carbone","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combustion emissions impact air pollution, and the development of advanced tools to detect and monitor increasingly smaller flame-formed aerosols is vital for implementing ever-more effective air-quality regulations and reducing the environmental impact of combustion applications. Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) can detect both charged and neutral aerosols in very low number concentrations and are of widespread use in atmospheric metrology thanks to their relative portability, affordability, and simplicity of operation. Still, their detection efficiency is influenced by the size, charge state, and morphology of the aerosols to be detected, in addition to their composition, which influences their wettability by the condensing fluid(s). As a result, calibrations are necessary to characterize the detection efficiency of a CPC, especially for flame-formed carbonaceous aerosols smaller than 3 nm, which can have quite polydisperse composition and properties. In this study, two-component (<em>fluid</em>-Water) CPCs resulting from coupling a Water CPC (WCPC) with a <em>saturator</em> inlet operated with either n-butanol (nBA), iso-propanol (IPA), or ethanol (EtOH) are characterized for the detection of naturally charged carbonaceous aerosols formed in an incipiently sooting premixed flame. Khosravi et al. (2023) operated the <em>saturator</em> inlet with Diethylene Glycol (DEG) and showed that the concurrent supersaturations of water and DEG (i.e., any <em>fluid</em> with <em>Le</em> &gt; 1) established in the DEG-WCPC (i.e., any <em>fluid</em>-WCPC) enhance the detection of materials smaller than 3 nm. The results herein demonstrate that the nBA-WCPC, the IPA-WCPC, and the EtOH-WCP have not only comparable or even superior (surely in the case of the IPA-WCPC) performances in terms of the minimum sizes detectable with 50 % efficiency but also the advantages of minimal needs for cleaning the optics and composition-independent and steeper profiles of the size-dependent detection efficiency compared to the DEG-WCPC. This is the case even though the lengths of the CPC stages have not been optimized yet for using the tested C2-C4 alcohols in the <em>saturator</em> inlet. In particular, the use of EtOH as a performant CPC working fluid is the first-of-a-kind, with the EtOH-WCPC already achieving the steepest detection efficiency profiles, a feature attractive for studies requiring sizing resolution, and having the largest room for performance improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Eulerian model of an electrospray of a highly conducting solution with Coulomb explosions","authors":"F.J. Higuera ,&nbsp;I.G. Loscertales","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coulomb explosions of small electrospray droplets of a high conductivity solution of a nonvolatile electrolyte in a volatile solvent are assumed to be nearly instantaneous events in which the exploding droplet loses certain fractions of its volume and charge by shedding a number of offspring droplets small compared with the parent droplet. Using this assumption, and leaving out the inertia of the droplets, an Eulerian model is proposed for the space evolution of a spray of electrified droplets which may undergo successive Coulomb explosions and may also reach an ion evaporation regime in which ions are emitted from their surface by field evaporation, until the solvent is virtually depleted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-resolved chemical composition analysis of ions produced by a dielectric barrier discharge bipolar charger","authors":"Yueyang Li ,&nbsp;Michel Attoui ,&nbsp;Yiliang Liu ,&nbsp;Qiwen Sun ,&nbsp;Qing Li ,&nbsp;Runlong Cai ,&nbsp;Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of aerosol charge distribution is crucial for aerosol size distribution measurements using electrical mobility spectrometers. The charge distribution of widely used bipolar diffusion aerosol charging is affected by the electrical mobility and mass of ions. In this study, we developed and evaluated a concentric cylindrical double dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) bipolar charger, and investigated the impact of measurement conditions on electrical mobility and mass of charging ions. The size-resolved chemical composition of ions produced by the DBD charger was analyzed using a high-resolution half-mini differential mobility analyzer coupled to an atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The effects of the discharge gas, carrier gas and relative humidity (RH) on ion properties were evaluated. Our results show that both discharge gas and carrier gas influenced the chemical composition of ions. The detected high-abundance ions were mainly originated from impurities in the carrier and discharge gases, or compounds used when manufacturing the system components. The ion mobility distribution varied with the type of carrier gas and its relative humidity, but was not sensitive to discharge gas or its flowrate. The measured charge distribution using the DBD charger was in a good agreement with Wiedensohler's approximation (Wiedensohler, 1988), and the theoretically predicted charge distribution, calculated from the measured ion properties, was also consistent with the experimental results. Only minor variations with a relative uncertainty of 12.1% and 9.5% for positive and negative particles, respectively, in singly charged particle fractions were expected among different measurement conditions. Despite a higher uncertainty likely introduced by using ambient air as the carrier gas, our work indicates that the newly developed DBD charger has the potential to be used as a bipolar charger under typical laboratory and ambient measurement conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of an aerosol-generated multi-method analytical particle test material","authors":"Lorianne R. Shultz-Johnson ,&nbsp;Benjamin T. Manard ,&nbsp;Rachel Bergin ,&nbsp;Dominic Piedmont ,&nbsp;Jordan S. Stanberry ,&nbsp;Hunter B. Andrews ,&nbsp;Brian W. Ticknor ,&nbsp;Mehmet Topsakal ,&nbsp;Andrew Kiss ,&nbsp;Gage Green ,&nbsp;Matthew Wellons ,&nbsp;Spencer Scott ,&nbsp;Christopher Barrett ,&nbsp;Simerjeet K. Gill ,&nbsp;Shawna K. Tazik","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ceria (CeO₂) particles with low to ultra-low loading of nickel dopant were produced using an aerosol-based, droplet-to-particle synthesis via an in-line calcination technique. This aerosol-based synthesis method enables the production of particles with a monodisperse size distribution. These produced and well-characterized, multi-element, ceria-based particles demonstrate a material exemplar for multi-method analytical testing. They were prepared from a cerium nitrate feedstock where low loading nickel dopant was added at target Ni/(Ni + Ce) atomic percents of 1 %, 0.1 %, and 0.01 %, using a nickel nitrate spike. This methodology proved to produce ceria particles doped with a dynamic range of low to ultra-low loadings of nickel over a 24-h period, with consistent size distribution, morphology, and composition. The successful incorporation of nickel was demonstrated with bulk and single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and revealed notable particle-to-particle elemental homogeneity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of a high concentration of nickel dopant incorporated preferentially toward the surface of the particles, and that this dopant aided oxidation of surface Ce(III) atoms to Ce(IV). These particle test materials were then validated through X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, comparing the ultra-low 0.01 % Ni and low 1 % Ni-doped ceria samples. This revealed a more-reduced oxidation state of the nickel with an increase in dopant concentration. This work demonstrates a synthesis and systematic characterization scheme to produce multi-method analytical test particulates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticle size distribution measurement scheme using mass-to-charge ratio measurements with Vacuum Ultraviolet irradiation in medium vacuum","authors":"Jongmin Yoon ,&nbsp;Seungjae Lee ,&nbsp;Taesung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing demand for Virtual Metrology (VM) and Advanced Process Control (APC) in semiconductor manufacturing, the importance of in-situ quantitative monitoring of process results has grown beyond in-situ qualitative monitoring. Particle Size Distribution (PSD) analysis of nanoparticles ranging from several to hundreds of nanometers (nm) in diameter offers a possible method for the quantitative monitoring of plasma processes. However, conventional Particle Beam Mass Spectrometer (PBMS) systems designed for PSD analysis require pressures greater than hundreds of millitorrs for operation, which limits their applicability to modern semiconductor processes that require a medium vacuum. We propose a new PSD measurement scheme to perform PSD analysis for medium-vacuum processes. The hardware configuration includes a Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation chamber and a mass-to-charge ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span>) measurement device consisting of a stacked-quadrupole-based charged particle funnel and Quadrupole Mass Analyzer (QMA). With this configuration, a PSD measurement algorithm is developed using a direct photoionization model-based Non-negative Least Squares (NNLSQ) method with gradient descent optimization. The PSD is estimated from multiple <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span> distributions measured under various VUV irradiation levels. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span> measurement scheme achieves an <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span> selection efficiency of 21% and a resolution of ± 3% for singly charged spherical Sodium Chloride (NaCl) nanoparticles at the sizes of 5–50 nm, which follow Maxwellian velocity distributions at 20 °C in the free molecular regime. Furthermore, under ideal photoionization-dominant conditions for NaCl nanoparticles with randomly assigned initial charges, peak-normalized target monodispersed PSDs with distribution change slopes ranging from <span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span>0.4 to 0.5 <span><math><msup><mrow><mtext>nm</mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> can be estimated in the size range of 5–50 nm, with mode errors within 5.6% and Geometric Standard Deviation (GSD) errors within 2.0%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor air sampling strategies by active bioaerosol samplers: a case study to detect SARS-CoV-2 in hospital settings","authors":"Fabjola Bilo ,&nbsp;Annalisa Zacco ,&nbsp;Paola Cirelli ,&nbsp;Filippo Marciano ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Tomasoni ,&nbsp;Sara Comai ,&nbsp;Giorgio Vassena ,&nbsp;Luca Perfetti ,&nbsp;Antonio Gualtiero Mainardi ,&nbsp;Silvia Mastrolembo Ventura ,&nbsp;Angelo L.C. Ciribini ,&nbsp;Michela Savoldi Boles ,&nbsp;Sophie Dubacq ,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Perrone ,&nbsp;Laura Pini ,&nbsp;Maria Lorenza Muiesan ,&nbsp;Elena Pariani ,&nbsp;Sandro Binda ,&nbsp;Laura Pellegrinelli ,&nbsp;Giorgio Costantino ,&nbsp;Laura Borgese","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study demonstrates the applicability of air sampling for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a hospital by means of active bioaerosol samplers following a specifically designed air sampling strategy based on digital mapping of the architectural layout of the ward to minimize disruptions of health care activities and reducing operator risks. Prior to the experimental study, some model tests were conducted using the air sampler with a tunable flow rate to determine the most suitable real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based detection method. Preliminary results showed the need to perform intensive extraction protocols combined with Real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR), rather than conventional, to enhance sensitivity. The experimental study was conducted within the general medicine ward of Spedali Civili Hospital in Brescia during the winter of 2021/2022, a period marked by a high prevalence of COVID-19 cases using three active air sampling devices: Coriolis Compact®, Coriolis Micro®, and BioSpot GEM®. Environmental parameters, such as room size, occupancy, ventilation rates, and activities performed during sampling, and patients’ conditions were documented to contextualize the findings. The virus was detected in a few rooms with concentrations ranging from 1171 to 2225 copies/m³. These findings support the integration of routinary air sampling as tools for control and assessment of transmission risks, not only for SARS-CoV-2 but generalized to all airborne pathogens, supporting patient management and infection control in health care settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical signal analysis for optical aerosol spectrometers: Closing the gap between single particle counting and signal fluctuation analysis","authors":"Lukas Oeser ,&nbsp;Benno Wessely ,&nbsp;Nakul Samala ,&nbsp;Lars Hillemann ,&nbsp;Daniel Göhler ,&nbsp;Jan Müller ,&nbsp;Claudia Jahn-Wolf ,&nbsp;Andreas Rudolph ,&nbsp;Jens Lienig","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light scattering aerosol spectrometers (also known as optical particle counters, OPCs) are widely used for aerosol quantification. The single particle counting method, which is based on light scattering, can measure the size distribution and the number concentration of the sampled aerosol. However, this method is limited to low concentrations due to coincidence error. At higher concentrations, the particle pulses overlap and cannot be counted individually. It was recently shown that the detector signal of an optical aerosol spectrometer can also be evaluated by fluctuation analysis if the concentration is significantly higher than the coincidence limit of the device. This new mode of operation cannot yet provide a detailed size distribution but itis feasible to measure the median particle size and number concentration independently. The measurement information required for fluctuation analysis is drawn from the intensity distribution of the detector signal instead of individual pulses. Therefore, fluctuation analysis requires a certain average number of particles inside the measuring volume so that the detector output continuously leaves the baseline. Theminimum number concentration of the fluctuation analysis is around a factor of20 higher than the coincidence limit for single particle counting. Consequently, there is a concentration range where neither single particle counting, nor fluctuation analysis can be used.</div><div>This work introduces a new statistical signal analysis to bridge this gap. The new measurement method was experimentally verified using a monodisperse di-ethyl-hexyl-sebacat aerosol with a particle size range of 0.3<!--> <!-->µm to 2.2<!--> <!-->µm and a number concentration range of 1 <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 10⁴ <!-->cm⁻³ to 2 <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 10⁵ <!-->cm⁻³. An accuracy of 2<!--> <!-->% with respect to median particle size and 5<!--> <!-->% with respect to number concentration was achieved. The new method finally closes the gap between single particle counting and fluctuation analysis, enabling light scattering aerosol spectrometers to quantify aerosols at any given concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of respiratory particle measurement studies and a new method for human particle emission measurement during breathing, coughing, and voice production","authors":"Anna Tuhkuri Matvejeff ,&nbsp;Ville Silvonen ,&nbsp;Paavo Heikkilä ,&nbsp;Enni Sanmark ,&nbsp;Jani Hakala ,&nbsp;Niina Kuittinen ,&nbsp;Ahmed Geneid ,&nbsp;Anne-Maria Laukkanen ,&nbsp;Paavo Alku ,&nbsp;Lotta-Maria Oksanen ,&nbsp;Topi Rönkkö ,&nbsp;Aimo Taipale ,&nbsp;Sampo Saari","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spurred by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been a considerable increase in research on human respiratory particle characterization using diverse methodologies. Our objective was to review previous methods used and to develop a highly controlled method for measuring human respiratory particle emissions during breathing, coughing, and voice production. A systematic search from three databases (Ovid Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus) was carried out in January 2024 according to the PRISMA 2020 principles. 77 original studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Considerable variation was noted in the methodology of previous particle measurement studies regarding setups, instrumentation, protocols, and reporting. We identified six key setups and discuss factors such as relative humidity, particle losses, and dilution for each.</div><div>We also present our novel setup, comprising a measurement chamber with particle-free air supply, funnel-type sample inlet, and real-time particle measurement instruments to investigate the absolute and time-resolved exhaled aerosol emission rates. The drying and dilution processes of particles, as well as particle losses, are well controlled. CO₂ measurements are utilized for sample dilution and exhaled flow estimation. Optional sound pressure measurement provides calibrated absolute values. Fundamental frequency and electroglottography registration are also included as optional tools for studying voice production. Our setup reports accurate data on particle number concentration, mass concentration, particle number emission, and mass emission rates during breathing, coughing, speaking, and singing in the size range 0.004–10 μm, therefore succeeding in measuring ultrafine particles. We also report a positive effect of sound pressure and CO₂ on particle emissions.</div><div>Enhanced methods for particle emission measurements improve our understanding of airborne transmission and human physiology, providing tools to minimize the risk of airborne transmission. We propose a set of key methodological parameters for improved reporting, including the documentation of dilution, particle drying, sampling losses and sound pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}