Journal of Aerosol Science最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing computation time in 3D air quality models by using aerosol superbins within a sectional size distribution approach: Application to the CHIMERE model","authors":"Florian Couvidat ,&nbsp;Lya Lugon ,&nbsp;Palmira Messina ,&nbsp;Karine Sartelet ,&nbsp;Augustin Colette","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One limitation of the operational application of air-quality models at high resolution for forecasting or for the evaluation of emission mitigation scenario is the computational cost. It may also be an important limitation to the use of more complex (but more realistic) secondary organic aerosol (SOA) schemes. While the size distribution may be accurately described with a sectional approach to resolve processes involved in aerosol dynamics, it also leads to large CPU time due to the number of size bins that need to be used.</div><div>In this study, we developed a “superbin” approach consisting in lumping for a given species several size bins into a single size superbin and to use a specified size distribution to distribute the superbin concentration into the different bins of CHIMERE when needed.</div><div>Together with the revision of the numerical resolution algorithm, the ”superbin” approach was implemented into a new version of CHIMERE (based on v2020r1) in order to optimize the CPU time performance. The computation time was reduced by 60% with induced errors on PM10 concentrations around 3% to 7% over most of Europe. The use of the “superbin” approach proved to be much more efficient in terms of computational time and errors compared to simply reducing the number of bins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spray flame synthesis of Y2O3/Al2O3 composite nanoparticles: Effects of precursor volatility and Y/Al ratio on particle morphology and crystal phase","authors":"Shuting Lei ,&nbsp;Yiyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhu Fang ,&nbsp;Xing Jin ,&nbsp;Shuiqing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spray flame synthesis has proven to be a promising method for the high-throughput production of multi-component nanoparticles with atomic-level mixing. However, the fast dynamic of flame synthesis presents significant challenges in precisely controlling the morphology and crystalline phase of the particles, especially for multi components. In this paper, we conduct parametric flame synthesis experiments to identify key factors affecting nanoparticle morphology and crystal phase of Y-Al nanoparticles, focusing on the effects of Y/Al atomic ratio, flame temperature, and precursor volatility. The results indicate that the particle morphology depends on the composition, changing from aggregates with sintering necks to spherical particles without sintering necks and back to aggregates as the Al content increases. This trend is consistent with the change in particle melting points, which initially decrease and then rise again. Thus, the variation in melting point causes changes in sintering time, which in turn affect the particle morphology. The particle crystalline phase gradually deviates from the target phase as the Al content increases. Raising the adiabatic flame temperature from 1551 °C to 2340 °C accelerates the diffusion of Al atoms into the lattice, increasing the target phase proportion in the synthesized particles from 66 % to 99 %. By adjusting the amount of 2-ethylhexanoic acid (EHA) added, the volatility differences between the precursors can be modified. The largest discrepancy in precursor volatility is observed when EHA was added at a 50 % equivalence ratio, resulting in only 6 % of the target phase YAH (YAlO₃, hexagonal type) in the particles. Increasing the EHA addition to 120 % equivalent results in better matching of precursor volatilities, which leads to a significant increase in the target YAH phase to 98 %, demonstrating the critical role of simultaneous evaporation of different component precursors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol particle effective density of heated tobacco products measured with a tandem mass and mobility analyzer","authors":"Xuejun Gu ,&nbsp;You Peng ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Tang ,&nbsp;Zuoying Wen ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Lin ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Li ,&nbsp;Qingyuan Hu ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Weijun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To better understand the properties of “heat-not-burn” (HNB) tobacco products, the particle effective densities of aerosols emitted from 10 brands of HNB cigarettes are measured with a tandem mass and mobility analyzer, composed of a centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The aerosols are generated with a smoking machine and aged in a Teflon bag for 1 h prior to the measurement. The results show that the aerosol effective densities are independent of the particles’ mass, with their average values in the range of 1097–1443 kg/m³, which aligns with the spherical morphology identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM). However, the tobacco heating mode has a significant effect on the particle effective density, and the average values from the peripheral, needle and blade heating modes are measured at 1373, 1253 and 1183 kg/m³, respectively. The geometry of tobacco sticks such as their lengths and circumferences also has an impact on the particle effective density. Specifically, longer cigarette lengths and slimmer sticks produce particles with higher effective densities (∼5 %–20 % higher). Although previous studies have shown that the HNB cigarettes generate less harmful toxicants than the traditional combustion cigarettes, this work demonstrates no significant difference in their aerosol particle effective densities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating total outward leakage of face-worn products across various particle sizes for source control against submicron aerosols: Implications for public health protection","authors":"Weihua Yang ,&nbsp;Warren R. Myers ,&nbsp;Kenneth J. Ryan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During COVID-19, the general public widely used face-worn products (FwPs) to mitigate viruses spread via airborne transmission. This study investigated the effectiveness of various FwP categories in reducing submicron aerosol transmission by evaluating total outward leakage (TOL) across particle sizes. Nine FwP categories were tested: ASTM <span><span>F2100</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> Levels 1, 2, and 3 masks (categories 1–3); single-layer cloth mask (category 4); cloth masks with pockets, tested with and without HEPA and PM 2.5 filters insert (categories 5–8); and three-layer disposable masks (category 9). The TOL of these FwPs was assessed over multiple donnings on medium and large artificial headforms, and TOL mean diameter (TOLMD) was calculated. Results showed that cloth FwPs (categories 4–8) had higher TOL and a steeper increase with particle size (20–210 nm) compared to ASTM-compliant FwPs (categories 1–3) and disposable masks (category 9). Categories 4, 6, and 7 exhibited TOL values up to 60 % for particles &gt;100 nm, which are significant for viral transmission. Non-ASTM-compliant products exhibited higher TOL for larger submicron particles. The analysis of TOLMD suggested that multiple donnings impact TOL across particle sizes. The findings established a link between TOL and particle size, providing more detailed guidance for the public in selecting FwPs for source control. This study also highlighted the importance of further research into the reusability of FwPs to inform public health recommendations for respiratory protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A molecular dynamics study of high velocity impact of zinc oxide aggregates","authors":"Scott Burlison ,&nbsp;Michael F. Becker ,&nbsp;Desiderio Kovar","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although dry aerosol deposition methods (aerosol deposition, micro cold spray, and vacuum kinetic spraying) for producing films typically utilize fine powders that are agglomerated or aggregated, to date these processes have been modeled using single particle impacts. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to study the more realistic scenario where aggregates of ZnO were impacted at a high velocity. For these simulations, aggregates containing six primary particles with a diameter of 10 nm were first annealed at three temperatures (1000 °C, 1300 °C, and 1500 °C) to induce growth of interparticle necks with varying sizes and therefore indirectly affect the strengths of these interparticle necks. The annealed aggregates were then impacted to observe the deformation mechanisms that contribute to film formation. The results suggest that deformation within the aggregates is driven by viscous flow that occurs after solid state amorphization or melting and is driven by large, localized pressures and heating. The size/strengths of the necks, impact velocity, and aggregate orientations affect how deformation is concentrated and whether the aggregate can dissipate sufficient kinetic energy to deposit onto the substrate without fracturing the interparticle necks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to polluted environments rich in inhalable aerosols: A study on transport and deposition patterns of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract","authors":"Gang Zhou ,&nbsp;Zengxin Liu ,&nbsp;Guochao Yan ,&nbsp;Jingxu Chen ,&nbsp;Jianjun Yao ,&nbsp;Pengjin Liu ,&nbsp;Jiafa Du ,&nbsp;Biao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to air pollution environments rich in aerosol particles can cause serious damage to the human respiratory system. This study reconstructed a human respiratory tract model using medical CT scans. Six different respiratory patterns were obtained through ergonomic experiments. The study simulated and analyzed the transport and deposition patterns of dust under varying respiratory efforts and levels of environmental pollution. Experimental validation was conducted using a self-developed respiratory dust exposure system. The results indicate that inertial collision plays a significant role in the deposition mechanism as particles are transported through the human respiratory tract. The airflow forms a whirlpool at the throat, which contributes to dust deposition in this area. During exhalation, the airflow carries a large number of particles suspended in the respiratory tract from inhalation to be deposited in the upper respiratory tract. In the turbinate region, the concentration of dust is 74 % higher compared to inhalation. The curve representing the particle deposition rate with respiration effort can be approximated by the equation <span><math><mrow><mi>Y</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>∙</mo><msup><mi>X</mi><mi>B</mi></msup></mrow></math></span>. As respiration effort increases, particles are transported deeper into more distal bronchi and show a greater tendency to deposit on the anterior walls of the airways. Notably, larger particles show higher sensitivity to changes in respiration velocity. When the respiration effort increases from 10 L/min to 85 L/min, the average deposition efficiency of particles changes from 18.67 % to 37.48 %. Among these, the escape rate of 1 μm particles remains consistently between 96.9 % and 98.4 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrically tobacco heating system: Mapping of thermal conditions controlling soot particles formation","authors":"Dimitrios Zarvalis,&nbsp;Daniel Deloglou,&nbsp;Kyriaki Tsortanidou,&nbsp;Eleni Papaioannou,&nbsp;George Karagiannakis","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tobacco industry transitions to Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs) from combustible cigarettes. This study focused on the systematic mapping of thermal conditions leading to (or avoiding) soot particle formation when heating tobacco in experimental tobacco heating systems (THSs). The emissions produced under different thermal conditions were analysed to understand under which thermal conditions the formation of the soot particles, characteristic of smoke, starts to occur. Experiments were conducted to examine particulate matter emissions at incremental temperatures ranging from 200 to 550 °C using particle number and mass concentration measurement techniques. A catalytic stripper (CS) was employed and the measurements were performed upstream and downstream of it to distinguish between volatile and potentially solid aerosol fractions. The findings revealed that soot particle formation is significantly influenced by the operating temperature and the presence of oxygen, with distinct patterns emerging only at temperatures exceeding 400 °C in air, which are well above the normal operating range of commercial THSs. Below 400 °C, most of the aerosol emissions were effectively removed by the CS, revealing that the particulate matter was composed of condensed volatiles. Solid soot particles started to be formed, evidenced by sudden peaks in downstream of the CS particle number and soot mass concentrations, only when combustion of the tobacco was triggered. These results contribute to the expanding research on emissions from HTPs, emphasising the need for comprehensive assessments and the importance of regulatory frameworks to differentiate product emissions based on the proper characterisation of tobacco product emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning algorithm facilitates fast derivation of light-scattering properties of sea salt aerosol","authors":"Quan Lin ,&nbsp;Bingqi Yi ,&nbsp;Lei Bi ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accounting for the impacts of ambient relative humidity (RH) on the optical properties of sea salt aerosols usually requires complex and time-consuming light-scattering computations. To facilitate the process, this study employs machine learning algorithms to gain fast access to the single-scattering properties (including extinction efficiency, scattering efficiency, single-scattering albedo, and asymmetry factor) of sea salt aerosols at arbitrary particle sizes, RHs and wavelengths. The sea salt particles are modeled as either coated-spheres or homogeneous spheres depending on the ambient relative humidity, and their scattering properties are calculated using the invariant imbedding T-matrix method at selected sizes, wavelengths, and RHs to establish a data set for the training and validation purposes. Extensive tests using various machine learning methods and hyperparameter optimizations are implemented. It is demonstrated that the Gradient Boosting Decision Trees method optimized with Optuna tuning outperforms the other methods in predicting the scattering properties of sea salt aerosols. The developed model is promising for radiative transfer applications involving sea salt aerosols and similar approach could be potentially applied to the other scenarios where quick access to the aerosol optical properties is desirable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dispersion of particles and airflow optimization for a semiconductor cleanroom","authors":"Chunli Tang ,&nbsp;Tianchi Liang ,&nbsp;Kambiz Vafai","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electronic cleanrooms' airflow and particle behavior significantly impact product quality and energy consumption. The airflow and particle diffusion at different supply air velocities are calculated for a semiconductor cleanroom, well-validated against established data. An RNG k-ε model and discrete phase model (DPM) are employed to simulate airflow and particle transport. Transient distributions, residual counts, and removal times are compared for six air supply velocities ranging from 0.2 m/s to 0.12 m/s. The results indicate that vortices are easily generated in the corners formed by the walls and the ceiling edge. The local vortices result in a longer particle removal time. Under stable conditions, all particles released from the ceiling, walls 1, 2, 4, and the raised floor are removed from the cleanroom across six supply air velocities. Two particles released from wall 3 remain as residuals when the supply air velocity is reduced. The final residual particles are primarily located near equipment 6. When the supply air velocity decreases from 0.22 m/s to 0.16 m/s, the stable time remains at 14 min. However, it increases significantly to 17 min and 23 min at 0.14 m/s and 0.12 m/s, respectively. The addition of two Fan Filter Units (FFUs) in the corners of the ceiling enhances both airflow and particle diffusion, reducing removal times by 2–7 min across different air speeds. These results provide theoretical guidance for selecting supply air velocity and optimized the arrangement of FFUs and equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of Eulerian and Lagrangian models for the simulation of fine and ultrafine particle dynamics in the wake of a heavy truck","authors":"Mokhtar Djeddou ,&nbsp;Aude Pérard-Lecomte ,&nbsp;Georges Fokoua ,&nbsp;Amine Mehel ,&nbsp;Anne Tanière","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the turbulent dispersion of particulate pollutants is essential for understanding and mitigating the environmental impact of road traffic emissions, particularly those from heavy vehicles. This study examines the behavior of low-inertia particles in the turbulent wake of a heavy truck, a region dominated by complex and inhomogeneous airflow that significantly influences pollutant dynamics. Numerical simulations were performed based on the RANS-SST <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>ω</mi></mrow></math></span> model for carrier-phase flow characterization, and three different approaches were applied to model the dispersed phase, namely the Lagrangian eddy interaction model (EIM), the Eulerian diffusion-inertia model (DIM) and a scalar advection–diffusion equation. To assess the accuracy of these numerical models, experimental measurements were carried out in an open-circuit wind tunnel. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to characterize airflow, while a low-pressure electric impactor (ELPI) measured particle concentrations.</div><div>While numerical simulations generally aligned with experimental data, the Lagrangian EIM model overestimated particle concentrations at the wake vortex periphery, highlighting some limitations in capturing particle-turbulence interactions in highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous flows. Conversely, the Eulerian DIM and scalar advection–diffusion models proved closer to the experimental results, reasonably reproducing low-inertia particle dispersion, where inertial effects were found to be negligible. These results underline the importance of selecting an appropriate combination of turbulence and particle models to simulate the dispersion of particulate pollutants, providing valuable information for improving forecasts of traffic-related pollution and its environmental and health impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}