Journal of Aerosol Science最新文献

{"title":"Development of alveoli-distributed lung geometries for humans and rats to predict localized particle deposition in the respiratory tract","authors":"Asgharian ,&nbsp;O.T. Price ,&nbsp;T. Schroeder ,&nbsp;D. Irwin ,&nbsp;P. Buehler ,&nbsp;L. Zai ,&nbsp;J. Schroeter ,&nbsp;R.W. Matheny","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inhalation drug delivery has gained considerable attention due to its rapid onset and the potential for optimized delivery, minimizing or eliminating adverse side effects. The delivery targets can be local (such as the respiratory tract) or systemic. Extensive research has been conducted on the deposition of inhaled particles in the lungs, with available models relying on simplifying assumptions. However, these models require improvements to more accurately predict site-specific deposition patterns. In this study, we combined morphometric data for the conducting airways in humans and Sprague Dawley rats with additional data on the distribution and number of respiratory units in both species. This enabled us to create a new generation of 2-path and lobar-specific, 2-path lung geometries. Unlike previous models, which separated the conducting and respiratory airways at a preassigned generation number, our proposed geometries integrated these pathways, assigning alveolar units to the conducting airways where data supported it. A particle deposition model based on these updated geometries was developed to predict both local and regional deposition. While the regional deposition results were consistent with previous studies, the local (site-specific) deposition predictions differed significantly, offering more realistic predictions due to the conducting-alveolar airway structure that mimics geometric realism. These new geometries are recommended for applications that require accurate assessment of local deposition, such as targeted drug delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the morphology and composition of aerosols from plant burning","authors":"Bruno Martinent ,&nbsp;Paul-Antoine Santoni ,&nbsp;Alexis Coppalle ,&nbsp;Yann Quilichini ,&nbsp;Toussaint Barboni","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildfires have significantly increased in frequency and intensity worldwide, driven by climate change, with urban expansion amplifying their impact on populations and structures near the wildland-urban interface. Combustion of biomass during vegetation fires produces complex aerosols that pose potential health risks through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposure. However, the understanding of aerosol morphology, composition, and behaviour remains incomplete. This study investigates the aerosols emitted during the combustion of <em>Cistus monspeliensis</em>, a Mediterranean shrub, under controlled laboratory conditions simulating wildfire scenarios. A full-scale combustion of a 1-m-high shrub was performed, enabling the capture of realistic emissions using an Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor +.</div><div>Aerosols were collected across different aerodynamic size fractions and analysed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Particles were classified into four main types: soot aggregates, coarse fly ash (CFA), partially burnt particles, and condensed particles, with their morphology and elemental composition extensively characterized. Notably, potassium chloride condensates dominated smaller aerodynamic stages, while CFA exhibited high calcium and magnesium content in larger stages. Aerosol size and volume distributions revealed dynamic variations during combustion, with nanoparticles (43 nm aerodynamic diameter) prevailing before the heat release rate (HRR) peak and larger particles (69 nm aerodynamic diameter) dominating after the peak HRR.</div><div>The study also links particle physical characteristics to their aerodynamic behaviour, emphasizing the role of shape and density in discrepancies between measured and aerodynamic diameters. Deposition modelling using the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model highlights potential health risks, particularly in the alveolar and tracheobronchial regions.</div><div>By integrating morphology, elemental composition, and size distribution, this research provides crucial insights into the characteristics of wildfire aerosols at their source, enhancing the understanding of their potential health implications. These findings contribute to the broader effort to model wildfire emissions and inform public health strategies, emphasizing the importance of studying aerosols under realistic combustion conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“SARS-CoV-2 airborne detection within different departments of a COVID-19 hospital building and evaluation of air cleaners in air viral load reduction”","authors":"Ilias S. Frydas ,&nbsp;Marianthi Kermenidou ,&nbsp;Maria Karypidou ,&nbsp;Spyros Karakitsios ,&nbsp;Dimosthenis A. Sarigiannis","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pandemic of COVID-19 has brought in light the necessity for the development of novel detection methods for airborne transmitted pathogens, and the importance of effective clean air measures in hospital departments. In this study, airborne SARS-CoV-2 and particle matter (PM1, PM2.5) detection was performed in different areas of the COVID-19 building at the Ippokrateio University Hospital in Thessaloniki, Greece. More specifically, Sioutas cascade impactors were placed in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) and HDU (High-Dependency Unit) on the first floor, and at the corridor and rooms at the COVID-19 clinic on the second floor. Furthermore, TECORA air pumps were placed at the building entrance to measure for PM1 and PM2.5. Afterwards, in a COVID room with confirmed air viral load an air cleaner was placed to examine the effect on viral load reduction. Results showed that no viral copies were detected in the air of ICU and HDU departments, in which negative pressure air filtration with HEPA filters is applied. On the contrary, viral load was effectively detected in rooms and corridors of the COVID floor and ranged from 25,9 to 1123,7 copies/m³. PM1 filters showed 77.8 % viral positivity, and PM2.5 filters were 38.5 % virus positive. Moreover, air viral load in the COVID room with an air cleaner showed a reduction of up to 98.1 %. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 was effectively detected in the air of different areas in the COVID building after continuous sampling ranging between 24 h and 7 days, and it was shown how important and effective air cleaners are as first-line measures against pathogen airborne transmission in hospital environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clearance of Particles from Regular-flavored Little Cigar Smoke Across Lung Lobes in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats","authors":"Kaisen Lin ,&nbsp;Christopher Wallis ,&nbsp;Patricia Edwards ,&nbsp;Austin Cole ,&nbsp;Laura Van Winkle ,&nbsp;Anthony S. Wexler","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying the clearance and retention of inhaled particles in the respiratory tract is critical for understanding their toxicity and overall health impacts. While previous studies have focused on the clearance of monodisperse nanoparticles in animal models, limited research exists on the clearance kinetics of tobacco smoke particles. Even fewer studies provide lobe-specific clearance data, which hampers our understanding of smoke particle accumulation following long-term exposure. This gap highlights the need for further research, particularly involving little cigars given their popularity among youth. In this study, we investigated the lobar clearance of smoke particles in rat lungs following exposure to combusted Swisher Sweets regular-flavored little cigars. Twelve-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to smoke particles at a concentration of 80 mg/m³ for 4 hours. Lung lobes were collected and analyzed for particle retention on Days 0, 1, 7, and 21 post-exposure. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was used to quantify chromium concentrations in each lobe, serving as a tracer for smoke particles. Our results revealed a two-phase clearance of little cigar smoke particles across all lung lobes, with an overall half-life of 5.7 days for the fast phase and 25.0 days for the slow phase. While no statistically significant differences in particle retention among lobes were observed after 21 days, the majority of retained particles were found in the left lobe and right caudal lobe. When comparing the half-life of smoke particles in this study to previously reported data for nanoparticles, we found the results to be comparable. Our findings demonstrate that the clearance of smoke particles follows a similar pattern across different lung lobes in rats, with a two-phase clearance mechanism indicating that the chromium in the smoke particles likely exists in the Cr (III) oxidation state. These insights provide valuable information for estimating the clearance and retention of little cigar smoke particles, contributing to toxicity research in the context of long-term exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning approach for airborne alpha radioactivity monitoring in atypical atmospheric conditions","authors":"Arthur Roblin ,&nbsp;Jean Baccou ,&nbsp;Grégoire Dougniaux ,&nbsp;Santiago Velasco-Forero","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In nuclear facilities, the mandatory monitoring of airborne alpha radioactivity contamination is carried out by dedicated instruments that collect aerosols on a filter, measure the deposited radioactivity and trigger an alarm when a predetermined activity threshold is exceeded. The radioactivity measurement is highly influenced by variations in aerosol size and concentration on the filter, leading to numerous false alarms. In order to overcome this difficulty, we are interested in using artificial intelligence to automatically compensate the background noise and hence obtain precise information on the presence of artificial alpha emitters based on the alpha-particle spectrum. The ultimate aim is to reduce the false alarm rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing computation time in 3D air quality models by using aerosol superbins within a sectional size distribution approach: Application to the CHIMERE model","authors":"Florian Couvidat ,&nbsp;Lya Lugon ,&nbsp;Palmira Messina ,&nbsp;Karine Sartelet ,&nbsp;Augustin Colette","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One limitation of the operational application of air-quality models at high resolution for forecasting or for the evaluation of emission mitigation scenario is the computational cost. It may also be an important limitation to the use of more complex (but more realistic) secondary organic aerosol (SOA) schemes. While the size distribution may be accurately described with a sectional approach to resolve processes involved in aerosol dynamics, it also leads to large CPU time due to the number of size bins that need to be used.</div><div>In this study, we developed a “superbin” approach consisting in lumping for a given species several size bins into a single size superbin and to use a specified size distribution to distribute the superbin concentration into the different bins of CHIMERE when needed.</div><div>Together with the revision of the numerical resolution algorithm, the ”superbin” approach was implemented into a new version of CHIMERE (based on v2020r1) in order to optimize the CPU time performance. The computation time was reduced by 60% with induced errors on PM10 concentrations around 3% to 7% over most of Europe. The use of the “superbin” approach proved to be much more efficient in terms of computational time and errors compared to simply reducing the number of bins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spray flame synthesis of Y2O3/Al2O3 composite nanoparticles: Effects of precursor volatility and Y/Al ratio on particle morphology and crystal phase","authors":"Shuting Lei ,&nbsp;Yiyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhu Fang ,&nbsp;Xing Jin ,&nbsp;Shuiqing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spray flame synthesis has proven to be a promising method for the high-throughput production of multi-component nanoparticles with atomic-level mixing. However, the fast dynamic of flame synthesis presents significant challenges in precisely controlling the morphology and crystalline phase of the particles, especially for multi components. In this paper, we conduct parametric flame synthesis experiments to identify key factors affecting nanoparticle morphology and crystal phase of Y-Al nanoparticles, focusing on the effects of Y/Al atomic ratio, flame temperature, and precursor volatility. The results indicate that the particle morphology depends on the composition, changing from aggregates with sintering necks to spherical particles without sintering necks and back to aggregates as the Al content increases. This trend is consistent with the change in particle melting points, which initially decrease and then rise again. Thus, the variation in melting point causes changes in sintering time, which in turn affect the particle morphology. The particle crystalline phase gradually deviates from the target phase as the Al content increases. Raising the adiabatic flame temperature from 1551 °C to 2340 °C accelerates the diffusion of Al atoms into the lattice, increasing the target phase proportion in the synthesized particles from 66 % to 99 %. By adjusting the amount of 2-ethylhexanoic acid (EHA) added, the volatility differences between the precursors can be modified. The largest discrepancy in precursor volatility is observed when EHA was added at a 50 % equivalence ratio, resulting in only 6 % of the target phase YAH (YAlO₃, hexagonal type) in the particles. Increasing the EHA addition to 120 % equivalent results in better matching of precursor volatilities, which leads to a significant increase in the target YAH phase to 98 %, demonstrating the critical role of simultaneous evaporation of different component precursors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol particle effective density of heated tobacco products measured with a tandem mass and mobility analyzer","authors":"Xuejun Gu ,&nbsp;You Peng ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Tang ,&nbsp;Zuoying Wen ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Lin ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Li ,&nbsp;Qingyuan Hu ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Weijun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To better understand the properties of “heat-not-burn” (HNB) tobacco products, the particle effective densities of aerosols emitted from 10 brands of HNB cigarettes are measured with a tandem mass and mobility analyzer, composed of a centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The aerosols are generated with a smoking machine and aged in a Teflon bag for 1 h prior to the measurement. The results show that the aerosol effective densities are independent of the particles’ mass, with their average values in the range of 1097–1443 kg/m³, which aligns with the spherical morphology identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM). However, the tobacco heating mode has a significant effect on the particle effective density, and the average values from the peripheral, needle and blade heating modes are measured at 1373, 1253 and 1183 kg/m³, respectively. The geometry of tobacco sticks such as their lengths and circumferences also has an impact on the particle effective density. Specifically, longer cigarette lengths and slimmer sticks produce particles with higher effective densities (∼5 %–20 % higher). Although previous studies have shown that the HNB cigarettes generate less harmful toxicants than the traditional combustion cigarettes, this work demonstrates no significant difference in their aerosol particle effective densities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating total outward leakage of face-worn products across various particle sizes for source control against submicron aerosols: Implications for public health protection","authors":"Weihua Yang ,&nbsp;Warren R. Myers ,&nbsp;Kenneth J. Ryan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During COVID-19, the general public widely used face-worn products (FwPs) to mitigate viruses spread via airborne transmission. This study investigated the effectiveness of various FwP categories in reducing submicron aerosol transmission by evaluating total outward leakage (TOL) across particle sizes. Nine FwP categories were tested: ASTM <span><span>F2100</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> Levels 1, 2, and 3 masks (categories 1–3); single-layer cloth mask (category 4); cloth masks with pockets, tested with and without HEPA and PM 2.5 filters insert (categories 5–8); and three-layer disposable masks (category 9). The TOL of these FwPs was assessed over multiple donnings on medium and large artificial headforms, and TOL mean diameter (TOLMD) was calculated. Results showed that cloth FwPs (categories 4–8) had higher TOL and a steeper increase with particle size (20–210 nm) compared to ASTM-compliant FwPs (categories 1–3) and disposable masks (category 9). Categories 4, 6, and 7 exhibited TOL values up to 60 % for particles &gt;100 nm, which are significant for viral transmission. Non-ASTM-compliant products exhibited higher TOL for larger submicron particles. The analysis of TOLMD suggested that multiple donnings impact TOL across particle sizes. The findings established a link between TOL and particle size, providing more detailed guidance for the public in selecting FwPs for source control. This study also highlighted the importance of further research into the reusability of FwPs to inform public health recommendations for respiratory protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A molecular dynamics study of high velocity impact of zinc oxide aggregates","authors":"Scott Burlison ,&nbsp;Michael F. Becker ,&nbsp;Desiderio Kovar","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although dry aerosol deposition methods (aerosol deposition, micro cold spray, and vacuum kinetic spraying) for producing films typically utilize fine powders that are agglomerated or aggregated, to date these processes have been modeled using single particle impacts. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to study the more realistic scenario where aggregates of ZnO were impacted at a high velocity. For these simulations, aggregates containing six primary particles with a diameter of 10 nm were first annealed at three temperatures (1000 °C, 1300 °C, and 1500 °C) to induce growth of interparticle necks with varying sizes and therefore indirectly affect the strengths of these interparticle necks. The annealed aggregates were then impacted to observe the deformation mechanisms that contribute to film formation. The results suggest that deformation within the aggregates is driven by viscous flow that occurs after solid state amorphization or melting and is driven by large, localized pressures and heating. The size/strengths of the necks, impact velocity, and aggregate orientations affect how deformation is concentrated and whether the aggregate can dissipate sufficient kinetic energy to deposit onto the substrate without fracturing the interparticle necks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}