Journal of Aerosol Science最新文献

{"title":"Size-segregated chemical composition and oxidative potential of ambient quasi-ultrafine and accumulation mode particles in Los Angeles","authors":"Yashar Aghaei ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdi Badami ,&nbsp;Mohammad Aldekheel ,&nbsp;Ramin Tohidi ,&nbsp;Yousef Alramzi ,&nbsp;P.S. Ganesh Subramanian ,&nbsp;Vishal Verma ,&nbsp;Leonidas Ntziachristos ,&nbsp;Constantinos Sioutas","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quasi-ultrafine particles (q-UFPs; 30 nm &lt; d_p &lt; 170 nm) are increasingly recognized as potent contributors to air pollution-related health effects due to their physicochemical characteristics and deep lung penetration. This study investigated the size-segregated chemical composition and oxidative potential of ambient particles in the q-UFPs and accumulation mode ranges (30 nm - 2.5 μm) in central Los Angeles. A Low-Pressure Impactor (LPI), coupled with a Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System (VACES), was employed alongside a Sioutas Personal Cascade Impactor (PCIS) to collect size-fractionated PM for mass, elemental, ionic, carbonaceous, and toxicological analysis. Mass concentrations in q-UFPs (30–170 nm) were significantly lower than those in the accumulation mode (250–2500 nm), with the latter mode contributing &gt;83 % of total PM mass. Dithiothreitol (DTT) activity was observed to increase across q-UFP size bins, peaking in the 108–170 nm range at 25.98 pmol/min/m³ in winter and 44.31 pmol/min/m³ in summer/fall. In the accumulation mode, slightly lower DTT activity levels were measured (23.95 and 39.98 pmol/min/m³, respectively). Strong positive correlations were identified between DTT activity and elemental carbon (r = 0.95), organic carbon (r = 0.94), ammonium (r = 0.93), and sulfate (r = 0.91), suggesting contributions from both primary emissions and secondary atmospheric processes. Respiratory deposition modeling using the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) method showed that although q-UFPs comprised a smaller fraction of the total mass, they were found to contribute 29 % of the cumulative alveolar-region dose, with the 108–170 nm fraction alone delivering 31.5 pmol/min. These results highlight the toxicological importance of UFPs and support the need for continued monitoring and research, consistent with the World Health Organization's good practice statements, which recommend the integration of UFP metrics into air quality monitoring frameworks in the absence of formal guideline values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered Pd-Ga alloy nanoparticles through spark ablation and in-flight metal-organic precursor decomposition","authors":"Marie Bermeo ,&nbsp;Markus Snellman ,&nbsp;Linnéa Jönsson ,&nbsp;Thomas Krinke ,&nbsp;Zhongshan Li ,&nbsp;Knut Deppert ,&nbsp;Maria E. Messing","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pd-Ga alloy nanoparticles with tunable compositions were produced by combining spark ablation with a downstream injection of a metal-organic precursor. This dual-process approach enables control over nanoparticle composition and morphology by adjusting precursor flow rate and sintering temperature. At lower precursor flows, uniform Pd-Ga nanoparticles form, exhibiting stable Pd₅Ga₂ and Pd₂Ga phases. HRTEM and STEM-EDX analyses reveal that as precursor supply increases, Ga incorporation intensifies, leading to structural transitions, phase segregation, and the formation of PdGa dominated phases with amorphous Ga-rich domains, influencing nanoparticle shape and crystallinity. This process unlocks pathways for tailoring alloy compositions in-flight with low-melting point materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of aerosolised medicine delivery through tracheostomy airways","authors":"Monica Gumulya ,&nbsp;Natalie V.E. Anderson ,&nbsp;Ryan Mead-Hunter ,&nbsp;Britta S. von Ungern-Sternberg ,&nbsp;Benjamin J. Mullins","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The administration of inhaled antibiotics to patients with upper or lower respiratory infections is sometimes conducted via a tracheostomy airway. However, precise dosing via this route remains uncertain, especially in spontaneously breathing paediatric patients. This study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to explore the delivery of aerosolised medicine through an idealised tracheostomy tube, focussing on how droplet size distribution (polydispersity) and breathing flow conditions affect drug delivery efficiency. Unlike previous studies that incorporate elongated inlet and outlet sections to minimise flow disturbances, this work considers the compact geometry of tracheostomy tubes, demonstrating an earlier vortex formation around the inlet, resulting in an increased droplet deposition along the outer wall, closer to the inlet. As a result, the transfer efficiency, <span><math><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow></math></span> (i.e. mass percentage of particles exiting the tracheostomy tube relative to the inlet rate), which decreases with increasing velocity, is found to be lower than those shown in other studies of 90° pipes. This efficiency further decreases with increased polydispersity of the inlet particles. The proportion of respirable droplets in the outlet stream is strongly influenced by the Mass Median Diameter (MMD) of the inlet. When the inlet MMD is 3.5 μm, the net transfer efficiency of respirable droplets, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>η</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, is 50.3 %, with minimal variation across flow conditions. A lower inlet MMD of 2.2 μm yields higher <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>η</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> values (64.9–87.7 %), although with greater sensitivity to flow and polydispersity. These findings offer new insights into optimising aerosol drug delivery through tracheostomy airways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of human aerosol emission by measuring different breathing patterns","authors":"Carl Firle ,&nbsp;Asmus Meyer-Plath ,&nbsp;Dierk-Christoph Pöther ,&nbsp;Peter Kujath","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 asked for airborne transmission risk assessments in occupational and daily life situations. Some physical activities (singing, wind instrument playing, sport) seem to have higher infection risk than speaking or breathing.</div><div>We conducted an exploratory human study (<em>n</em> = 30; <em>n_female</em> = 13, <em>n_male</em> = 17) that assessed the aerosol emission per breath depending on breathing volume and inspiratory duration. The PExA instrument, “Particles in Exhaled Air 2.1” (PExA AB, Gothenburg, Sweden), was customized to measure inhalation flow rate. The instrument allows to simultaneously quantify breathing volumes and emitted aerosol particle concentrations using a Grimm 11-D aerosol spectrometer with size range 0.31 to &gt;3.42 μm.</div><div>The results revealed a non-linear correlation of emitted aerosol particles on both breathing volume and inspiratory duration (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>R</mi><mi>V</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.55</mn></mrow></math></span>). The logarithmised particle counts exhibit a sigmoidal dependence on breathing volume and a decay-like dependence on inspiratory duration. Error-weighted data fitting was used to determine the parameters of our model function and enables to predict the aerosol emission per breath.</div><div>The interpretation of the aerosol emission data strengthens the theory of bronchiole fluid film burst. It suggests that fluid film burst starts not in respiratory bronchioles as is generally assumed, but in upper bronchioles. The increase of intrathoracic pressure for higher breathing volume leads to dynamic compression of upper and terminal bronchioles, and thus to an increase in particle emission. Its exponential increase that became evident in our data can be explained by the bifurcative branching along the respiratory tree. This interpretation further refines the theory of particle formation in human respiratory tract. Our model provides a functional parametrization as a tool to predict human aerosol emission for a wide range of breathing conditions. It is considered a valuable tool for airborne risk assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural evolution during combustion of carbon nanoparticles generated by spark discharge","authors":"A. Raiolo ,&nbsp;N.P. Ivleva ,&nbsp;C. Stockinger ,&nbsp;U. Nieken","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oxidation behaviour of carbon nanoparticles generated by electrical discharge between two graphite electrodes (commonly referred to as spark discharge soot, SDS) is investigated and compared to that of nanoparticles originating from the incomplete combustion of organic fuels. Soot generated via a Combustion Aerosol Standard (CAST) soot generator and carbon black (CB) samples are taken as reference materials for the latter. By changing the carrier gas composition of the spark generator, carbon particles with varying reactivity and nanostructure can be obtained. SDS nanoparticles are considerably smaller, have much higher specific surface areas, and display a distinct nanostructure arrangement compared to CAST soot and CB. The evolution of the surface area with the extent of oxidation is tracked, showing that the surface area development of SDS is fundamentally different from that of CAST soot and CB. While the latter shows an extreme increase in the specific surface area during combustion, in comparison, the specific surface area increase of SDS is marginal. This information is crucial for anticipating the specific surface area gain achievable through partial oxidation, based on the initial morphology of the carbonaceous particles. The reactivity was found to correlate with Raman features. When analysing the evolution of the Raman spectra with oxidation, more reactive SDS showed a substantial increase in nanostructure order compared to the less reactive SDS and CAST soot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flash atomisation of saltwater through convergent-divergent nozzles: implications for marine cloud brightening","authors":"Chris Medcraft ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Sedighi ,&nbsp;Luke Harrison ,&nbsp;Wayne A. Davies ,&nbsp;Zoran Ristovski ,&nbsp;Daniel P. Harrison","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential feasibility of Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB) is currently limited by the efficiency and practicalities of technologies to generate the required flux of correctly sized aerosol particles. We studied the aerosols formed by the spray from superheated salt water through two convergent-divergent (de Laval) nozzles between 5 nm and 50 μm dry aerosol diameter. We found that they do not produce more particles useful for MCB (30-100 nm) than currently deployed effervescent nozzles. A significant portion of the mass flow through these nozzles was contained in particles larger than 2 μm. However, the production rate from these de Laval nozzles appeared unaffected by the reduction of throat diameter despite a fourfold reduction in water flow and thus power usage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of aerosol separation in a rising Taylor bubble","authors":"Rhandrey Maestri ,&nbsp;Clemens Bilsing ,&nbsp;Lars Büttner ,&nbsp;Jürgen Czarske ,&nbsp;Uwe Hampel ,&nbsp;Gregory Lecrivain","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosol transport in rising air bubbles finds application in the removal of micro-pollutants from gases. Its theoretical investigation is mostly limited to small air bubbles because they remain spherical. For bubbles larger than a few centimeters, the gas-liquid interface oscillates in an unpredictable way. This affects the flow on both sides of the interface and ultimately the aerosol-to-liquid capture. We presently investigate aerosol separation in rising Taylor bubbles. Such bubbles have a highly reproducible elongated shape, easily extending to 20 cm in length, and are ideal candidates for model validation. Over one hundred separation experiments with an aerosol size ranging from 1 to <span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> are presented. This regime, known as inertia-dominated, is of particular scientific interest because the aerosol transport is strongly dependent on the air flow inside the bubble. A simple and semi-analytical formulation reducing all our experimental results is proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial size distribution of cough particles for CFD simulations based on particle sizer measurements and evaporation model","authors":"Yunchen Bu ,&nbsp;Hideki Kikumoto ,&nbsp;Wonseok Oh ,&nbsp;Chao Lin ,&nbsp;Ryozo Ooka","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Expiratory particles are known to be capable of carrying viruses that cause respiratory diseases. To predict exposure to these particles, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can be used, with the initial size distribution of particles as an important input parameter. This study aims to explore the appropriate initial size distribution of cough particles to enhance the prediction accuracy. A novel inference method is proposed, based on experimental measurements with an optical particle sizer and a CFD simulation. The CFD simulation employs the Lagrangian method to track the dispersion of cough particles, incorporating an evaporation model; thus, the response relationship between the initial size distribution and measurements can be established. In the previous experiment by the authors, the number concentration of cough particles (0.3–10 μm) was measured at distances ranging from 1 to 60 cm from the mouth. The CFD results provided the response relationship for particle size (shrinkage factor) and particle number (relative number) at different distances. Under the current model, particles with initial diameters less than 32 μm reached a quasi-equilibrium size at all distances, and the shrinkage factors were 0.26–0.27 under a relative humidity of 34 %. Consequently, the initial size distribution for cough particles can be determined using measurements at 30–60 cm from the mouth, along with CFD derived response relationships. This distribution has been verified for reliability and can be used to predict particle size distributions at interpersonal conversation distances. In addition, this study further investigates the necessity of integrating the evaporation model into predictions of particle exposure. The results show that adding the evaporation model in CFD simulations has little impact on the predicted exposed particle number concentration. However, it significantly affects the predicted exposed particle size, which in turn influences the exposure to cough particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ and on-line measurement of soot size using the light-based method","authors":"Jingjing Xia ,&nbsp;Chaohao Yang ,&nbsp;Jin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In situ and on-line measurement of soot's particle size distribution (PSD) is crucial for comprehending its physical and chemical properties. The non-contact nature and high sensitivity of optical techniques have led to their widespread adoption in soot characterization. To overcome the computational burden associated with modeling fractal structures, this study utilizes the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) to represent soot as ellipsoids. Meanwhile, a miniaturized prototype sensor was utilized to collect the light scattering phase function (LSPF), providing sufficient optical information to retrieve soot's PSD. Experiments with Di-Ethyl-Hexyl-Sebacate (DEHS) demonstrated that the prototype sensor can accurately collect the LSPF, with a maximum relative error (RE) below 15 %. The Kullback-Leibler divergence (<em>D</em>_<em>KL</em>) of the PSD retrieved by the hybrid iterative inversion algorithm that was proposed in this study is no larger than 0.05. Further testing with open-flame combustion confirmed that the method proposed in this study can accurately sense soot's PSD and decouple its ovality parameter (OP). The method proposed in this study exhibits significant potential for in situ and on-line measurement of soot's PSD and provides a reliable framework for characterizing irregular particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of optical properties with particle size, morphology, and polymorph of fine- and nano-particle formulations of titanium dioxide powders","authors":"Schuyler P. Lockwood,&nbsp;Zezhen Cheng,&nbsp;Valentina Sola,&nbsp;Nurun Nahar Lata,&nbsp;Tanya L. Myers,&nbsp;Timothy J. Johnson,&nbsp;Mark E. Bowden,&nbsp;Alla Zelenyuk","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) particulates are known to exhibit different visible and infrared optical properties compared to the bulk material, showing strong dependence on particle size, crystal structure, and morphology. In this study, the optical properties, sizes, and morphologies of TiO₂ particles from two different sources (nano and fine powders) having a) nominally different particle sizes and b) various crystal polymorph mixture fractions are compared using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry, optical spectroscopies, and aerosol characterization methods. The nano sample was found to be largely particles of the anatase polymorph (88% by mass), while the fine sample was found to consist largely of rutile particles (95% by mass). Two distinct particle morphologies (fractal and compact) were found in each powder sample and could be identified and separated <em>in-situ</em> based on particle aerodynamic properties. The attenuation of near-infrared, visible and ultraviolet light by TiO₂ particles shows strong dependence on particle morphology. While the fine particles were found to have larger near-infrared (675–800 nm) extinction coefficients by mass than the nanoparticles, the reverse was true in the ultraviolet and visible regions (370–675 nm). However, for polydisperse particles with different sizes and shapes, the optical behaviors are not straightforward to directly correlate to a combination of physical parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}