Journal of Aerosol Science最新文献

{"title":"Hydrodynamic elements of aerosol flows for targeted drug delivery into the respiratory tract","authors":"D.V. Antonov ,&nbsp;S.A. Kerimbekova ,&nbsp;O.V. Nagatkina ,&nbsp;O.A. Suvorova","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2026.106762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2026.106762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosol inhalation is a widely used method for the safe and non-invasive drug delivery into the respiratory tract. However, pulmonary drug deposition typically remains below 60%. This low efficiency is mainly controlled by the non-stable aerosol flow characteristics from the delivery device to the oropharynx, including aerosol radii and velocity distributions. In this study, the hydrodynamic behavior of aerosol flows was investigated using optical diagnostic techniques, including Phase Doppler Anemometry, shadow photography, and tracer visualization. Three inhalation drug delivery systems were examined: a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI), a jet nebulizer with constant flow rate, and a soft mist inhaler (Respimat®). Unsteady velocity fields of the liquid aerosol were recorded. Both large- and small-scale flow structures were identified as the aerosol exited the device at various angles and impacted a model hydrophilic barrier. Quantitative results are provided in both dimensional and dimensionless forms, including graphical relationships and fitted expressions to support future mathematical modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 106762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-efficiency unipolar dielectric barrier discharge charger for sub-10 nm aerosol particles","authors":"Yueyang Li ,&nbsp;Ze-Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Runlong Cai ,&nbsp;Michel Attoui ,&nbsp;Yiliang Liu ,&nbsp;Qiwen Sun ,&nbsp;Qing Li ,&nbsp;Lei Yao ,&nbsp;Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2026.106765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2026.106765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving high charging efficiencies for sub-10 nm aerosol particles is essential for accurate measurements of particle composition and concentration. In this study, we developed a novel, simple unipolar dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) charger to efficiently charge sub-10 nm aerosol particles without by-product formation. We optimized the charger operational parameters, including ion separation voltage and discharge frequency, and evaluated the charger's performance in terms of particle penetration and charging efficiency. Our results show a high particle penetration efficiency (&gt;90%) across the sub-10 nm size range, with particle losses being predominantly governed by diffusion mechanisms and negligible electrostatic effects. At an aerosol flowrate of 6.5 L min⁻¹, the extrinsic charging efficiency for 3 nm and 10 nm was approximately 11% and 60%, respectively. When used for particle number size distribution measurements, this unipolar charger provides a raw signal intensity that is up to 8.5 times higher on average than an X-ray source across the measured particle size range, which reduces inversion uncertainties with fewer spikes. Although highly-purity helium discharge gas is used to produce ions, which may increase the operational costs, the developed unipolar charger achieves a high-efficiency charging for sub-10 nm particles, offering a promising solution for sub-10 nm particle charging, detection and measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 106765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat and mass transfer processes in drug aerosol flows in a human proximal respiratory tract","authors":"D.V. Antonov ,&nbsp;O.V. Nagatkina ,&nbsp;E.S. Ainetdinova (Sokolova) ,&nbsp;S.S. Sazhin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2026.106757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2026.106757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A predictive three-dimensional mathematical model of aerosol dynamics and heat/mass transfer processes in a human proximal respiratory tract, based on Comsol Multiphysics 6.2, is described. In contrast to the previously developed models of these processes, the focus of the new model is on cases when air humidity in the respiratory tract is relatively low and aerosol evaporation is greater than hydroscopic growth. This case is important for several medical applications, including: hyperventilation following a known mechanism of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction; inhalation by patients of dry ambient air; and patient dehydration and respiratory diseases (bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), SARS). Aerosol evaporation is described by the Maxwell equation which is justified for small Spalding mass transfer numbers. The predictions of the model are validated using the experimental results available in the literature and in-house experimental data. It is pointed out that the effects of aerosol heating and evaporation on their dynamics cannot be ignored when modelling the process of drug delivery to patients’ respiratory tracts, especially for patients with high body temperatures. High human body temperature is shown to increase the predicted rate of aerosol evaporation leading to a decrease in their diameters. The latter affects the depth of penetration of aerosols into the proximal respiratory tract and their deposition within it. Most aerosols are expected to be deposited in the extrathoracic airways and least in the trachea. The location of bronchi is demonstrated to be asymmetric and this asymmetry is shown to lead to the asymmetry of aerosol deposition within them. The high accuracy of predicting the deposition of aerosols and their distribution along the respiratory tract, taking into account the contributions of heat and mass transfer processes, is shown to be important for the personalised selection of inhalation therapy parameters, which opens up prospects for improving the effectiveness of treatment strategies in respiratory medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 106757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygroscopic growth of UO2F2 nanoparticles","authors":"Alyssa N. Alsante,&nbsp;Meng-Dawn Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2026.106766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2026.106766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hygroscopicity is an important physicochemical property of aerosol that describes the ability of a particle to uptake water. The hygroscopic properties of uranyl fluoride (UO₂F₂) aerosol generated from a UF₆ hydrolysis reactor was investigated for the first time using a custom-built Humidified Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (HTDMA). The HTDMA is capable of measuring UO₂F₂ nanoparticle growth determined by mobility size over a wide range of atmospheric humidity from dry conditions at &lt;10% relative humidity (RH) to 85% RH. The hygroscopic properties were determined for nanoparticles as small as 3.5 nm in this study. Although the largest size of UO₂F₂ nanoparticles was 80 nm, monodisperse aerosol with a mobility diameter of up to approximately 500 nm can be investigated using the HTDMA. Anhydrous UO₂F₂ nanoparticles with a mobility diameter of 3.5 nm were shown to be highly hygroscopic with a deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) of 10%. Hydrates with a larger mobility diameter from 10 to 80 nm were non-hygroscopic with no observable DRH and limited water uptake up to 85% RH. These results demonstrate the hygroscopic properties of UO₂F₂ nanoparticles are highly variable and based on both the mobility size and hydration state. Hygroscopicity affects the physicochemical properties of UO₂F₂ nanoparticles, including the aerosol phase state and viscosity, with impacts on aerosol growth, coagulation, and deposition that is critical for understanding the fate and transport of UO₂F₂ nanoparticles in the atmosphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 106766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an improved delayed detached eddy simulation method for particle-laden flow including resuspension","authors":"Zhikai You,&nbsp;Shumiao Zhao,&nbsp;Yating Wang,&nbsp;Yiyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2026.106756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2026.106756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particle resuspension is an important and ubiquitous phenomenon in particle-laden flow and has a significant impact on particle transport behavior. In this paper, we propose a numerical method for simulating dynamic particle resuspension within the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework. This method is grounded in the improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) approach, which solves the mean flow field in the near-wall region and large eddy in the mainstream region. It can simulate the dynamic resuspension of particles at a relatively low computational cost by employing the stochastic resuspension model while capturing the influence of the eddies on particles transport. In the simulation code, particle resuspension is treated as a stochastic event, with its probability determined by local flow field statistics, particle physical properties, and operating time. The accuracy of this method in predicting resuspension events is validated, and the resuspension behavior of particles with different sizes is investigated in a backward-facing step flow field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 106756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portable air purification as a strategy to mitigate indoor exposure to biomass-burning PM2.5 and toxic constituents in northern Italy: A case study","authors":"Sahar Fazelvalipour ,&nbsp;Yashar Aghaei ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdi Badami ,&nbsp;P.S. Ganesh Subramanian ,&nbsp;Vishal Verma ,&nbsp;Ario Alberto Ruprecht ,&nbsp;Constantinos Sioutas","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2026.106763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2026.106763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effectiveness of a portable air purifier in reducing indoor fine particulate matter (PM_2.5, d_p &lt; 2.5 μm) concentrations and associated oxidative potential in a suburban area of Milan in northern Italy, during the peak residential heating season, when biomass combustion is a major contributor to air pollution. Simultaneous indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 sampling was conducted using a filter-based method under both purifier-off and on conditions, followed by detailed chemical and toxicological characterization. Outdoor PM_2.5 levels averaged 34.75 μg/m³, exceeding the WHO 24-h guideline of 15 μg/m³, while average indoor concentrations under purifier-off conditions reached 13.49 μg/m³. However, the operation of the purifier reduced indoor PM_2.5 to an average of 5.53 μg/m³, corresponding to a 2.4-fold decrease compared to the purifier-off conditions. Oxidative potential measured by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay also declined from 0.41 to 0.17 nmol/min/m³, representing a 58% reduction compared to purifier-off and 85% relative to outdoor air. Mass-balance analysis further showed that the infiltration factor decreased from 0.51 to 0.15, indicating a 70% reduction in persistence of particles penetrated from outdoor to indoor. These findings demonstrate that portable air purifiers can be highly effective in mitigating the exposure burden from indoor PM_2.5 and its oxidative potential, offering critical insights for reducing real-world exposures in biomass-impacted environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 106763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient flow effects in DPI: A computational study linking inhalation dynamics to performance","authors":"Francesca Orsola Alfano,&nbsp;Francesco Paolo Di Maio,&nbsp;Alberto Di Renzo","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ideal Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) would deliver 100 % of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a fully aerosolized form, regardless of the lung capacity of the patient. In this work, the influence of the instantaneous inhalation flowrate profile on a swirl-based DPI performance is investigated using high-fidelity CFD-DEM simulations of the carrier-API deaggregation, carried out with a customized open-source code specifically optimized for aerosol–particle interaction studies. The study compares four inhalation profiles: an idealized step profile, a realistic inhalation profile for an asthmatic patient, and two ramp profiles that reach the same peak flowrate (PIFR) of 60 L/min as the step profile but with different flow increase rates (FIR): 8.0 L/s² for Ramp-1 and 3.9 L/s² for Ramp-2. Both powder emission and API deaggregation are analysed to assess the impact of the initial transient phase, showing that deaggregation of the carrier and emission of the API is delayed by over 50 ms in the ramp profiles, and that the fine particle fraction (FPF) decreases by almost 11 % for the less steep ramp. These results highlight that, despite identical PIFR, FIR critically influences DPI efficiency, affecting both API deaggregation and carrier recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 106739"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the simultaneous analysis of airborne microplastic and microrubber particles by off-line pyrolysis GC/MS","authors":"Shahriyar Bazzazpour ,&nbsp;Mohammad Yousefi ,&nbsp;Anoushiravan Mohseni-Bandpei ,&nbsp;Philip K. Hopke ,&nbsp;Marzieh Torabbeigi ,&nbsp;Majid Kermani ,&nbsp;Abbas Shahsavani","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past decade, the global community has expressed growing concern over environmental microplastics, recognizing them as emerging pollutants with potential threats to human health and ecosystems. To address this concern, the development of analytical methods for quantifying airborne microplastic particles stands out as a crucial research priority. Although pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) has demonstrated its efficacy in identifying microplastics, a significant gap remains in the determination of tire-related polymers. Also, the availability of data on atmospheric conditions is scarce. This study focuses on the direct analysis of 6 polymers, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, styrene-butadiene rubber, and butadiene rubber, in the matrix of atmospheric particulate matter and indoor house dust, employing off-line pyrolysis GC/MS. Comprehensive investigations into the pyrolysis products of each polymer have been conducted. The proposed method showed remarkable sensitivity, reproducibility (with a relative standard deviation of less than 16 % for all polymers except PET), and recovery rates ranging from 91 % to 136 %. Furthermore, this method successfully identified and quantified target polymers in atmospheric particles and dust samples. Tire-related polymers and polystyrene were found to predominate in particulate matter samples, while polyethylene terephthalate dominated in indoor house dust. This off-line approach demonstrated significant consistency in pyrolysates compared to online methods documented in prior studies, offering a reliable and accurate quantification of microplastic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 106732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the Peclet number in the diffusion process of aerosols in a tube and correlations to estimate the mean particle residence time","authors":"M. Alonso ,&nbsp;F.J. Alguacil ,&nbsp;J.P. Borra","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The critical Peclet number above which particle axial diffusion is negligible has been determined for aerosols in a laminar flow tube. Two theoretical methods have been used: the numerical solution of the advection-diffusion equation (ADE), and a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of particle trajectory. Two limiting velocity profiles have been considered for the fluid flow, namely, plug flow (uniform flow, UF) and fully developed flow (parabolic, PF). Two flow-related aerosol properties, particle penetration through the tube and its residence time distribution (RTD), have been studied. Three cases can be distinguished. (1) When there is no diffusion, penetration is one, and the dimensionless particle mean residence time is also one, the same as that of the fluid in either UF or PF. (2) When diffusion occurs only in the radial direction, penetration is less than one and decreases as the dimensionless particle diffusion coefficient increases; the mean particle residence time is also equal to one in UF but can be much less than one in PF so that, on average, particles in PF spend less time in the tube than the fluid, in spite that no external force is acting upon them. However, no particle can leave the tube in a dimensionless time shorter than 1/2. (3) When radial and axial diffusion are both important, penetration is still smaller than one, but larger than in case (2); the mean residence time in UF or PF is smaller than that of the fluid and, in contrast with case (2), it can be even smaller than 1/2 in PF. The critical value of the Peclet number depends on the specific flow-related aerosol property under consideration. Thus, axial diffusion does not affect particle penetration for Peclet larger than 10–20, and does not affect the mean aerosol residence time for Peclet larger than about 50; but the residence time distribution of the particles is affected by axial diffusion at values of Peclet as large as 6000. The mean aerosol residence time depends on its diffusion coefficient and on the tube aspect ratio (radius/length). Two practical correlations, one for UF and the other for PF, have been developed. Each correlation is the product of two factors which account separately for the contributions of radial and axial diffusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 106737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into amorphous silicon nanoparticle impacts on crystalline silicon through molecular dynamics","authors":"Nicolás Amigo,&nbsp;Neyling Macalopú","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study the impact behavior of amorphous Si nanoparticles on a crystalline Si substrate at velocities in the range of 0.5 and 4.0 km/s and particle sizes from 5 to 13 nm. The simulations revealed three distinct regimes depending on impact conditions: adhesion, rebound, and disintegration. At low velocities, nanoparticles adhered with limited deformation, suggesting favorable conditions for deposition, whereas intermediate velocities induced strong elastic deformation in the substrate that promoted rebound, particularly for larger nanoparticles. At the highest velocities, extensive fragmentation and disintegration occurred, ejecting material and generating debris. Plastic activity analysis revealed that both impact velocity and particle size strongly influenced crater morphology, substrate deformation, and nanoparticle fragmentation, with larger diameters enhancing these effects due to their higher total kinetic energy. Deformation was mostly confined to the impact region, with shear strain and dislocations concentrated at the particle–substrate interface. These results provide insights into cold spray deposition and nanoscale surface engineering in amorphous-crystalline systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 106738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}