Journal of Aerosol Science最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of particle size-related artifacts in analyte quantification of particulate samples using infrared spectroscopy methods","authors":"Kabir Rishi ,&nbsp;Orthodoxia Zervaki ,&nbsp;Bon-Ki Ku ,&nbsp;Nicholas Pugh ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Vasileia Vogiazi ,&nbsp;Pramod Kulkarni","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared absorption spectroscopy is commonly used to quantify chemicals in the particulate phase for environmental and occupational aerosol exposure measurements. Unlike gas-phase analyte quantification, the analytical figures of merit depend on the characteristics of the particulate phase, in particular the aerosol size distribution. In the Mie scattering regime, where the particle size is comparable to the incident infrared wavelength, the bias in analyte quantification can depend on particle size. This error may depend on how well the size distribution of the aerosol matches with that of the reference material used to calibrate the method. While the impact of packing densities, and spectral interferences from the substrate and other minerals in the aerosol has been assessed in previous work, the impact of aerosol size distribution has not been explored. In this work, the Lorenz-Mie solution to Maxwell's equation was used to determine the bias in mass quantification of quartz in typical occupational aerosols for which the IR method is commonly used. Our experimental findings were benchmarked with the Lorenz-Mie solution using model spherical polystyrene particles. Practical deviations due to the asymmetric shape of quartz particles size-fractionated using different cascade impactors are presented and compared with literature studies on quartz aerosols. The expected bias in analyte quantification using different quartz standard reference materials relative to NIST SRM 1878a was assessed. The implications on quartz quantification due to differences in aerosol size distribution at different locations in the coal mine, granite quarries, and during construction activities such as stone finishing and grinding are presented and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural evolution during combustion of carbon nanoparticles generated by spark discharge","authors":"A. Raiolo ,&nbsp;N.P. Ivleva ,&nbsp;C. Stockinger ,&nbsp;U. Nieken","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oxidation behaviour of carbon nanoparticles generated by electrical discharge between two graphite electrodes (commonly referred to as spark discharge soot, SDS) is investigated and compared to that of nanoparticles originating from the incomplete combustion of organic fuels. Soot generated via a Combustion Aerosol Standard (CAST) soot generator and carbon black (CB) samples are taken as reference materials for the latter. By changing the carrier gas composition of the spark generator, carbon particles with varying reactivity and nanostructure can be obtained. SDS nanoparticles are considerably smaller, have much higher specific surface areas, and display a distinct nanostructure arrangement compared to CAST soot and CB. The evolution of the surface area with the extent of oxidation is tracked, showing that the surface area development of SDS is fundamentally different from that of CAST soot and CB. While the latter shows an extreme increase in the specific surface area during combustion, in comparison, the specific surface area increase of SDS is marginal. This information is crucial for anticipating the specific surface area gain achievable through partial oxidation, based on the initial morphology of the carbonaceous particles. The reactivity was found to correlate with Raman features. When analysing the evolution of the Raman spectra with oxidation, more reactive SDS showed a substantial increase in nanostructure order compared to the less reactive SDS and CAST soot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of the size and concentration of nanoaerosol particles produced by the laser ablation method","authors":"Hongshen Li,&nbsp;Chengyi Wang,&nbsp;Naiyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Chengdong Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlling the particle size and concentration of nanoaerosols is crucial for engineering applications. Here, a novel method is proposed to independently control the particle size and concentration during laser ablation by regulating the local flow field. For this method, the effects of feed flow rate, ablation position, ablation length, and gas composition on the particle size and concentration of iron or aluminum nanoaerosols were investigated for an in-depth understanding of the particle modulation mechanism. It is found that increasing the inlet flow rate and positioning the ablation site close to the jet core can reduce the particle size and narrow the particle size distribution. Besides, increasing the length of the ablation zone can effectively enhance the particle concentration with only a slight increase in the particle size. In the argon atmosphere, iron and aluminum target materials can be ablated to produce nanoaerosols with similar size distributions, but as the atmosphere becomes air, smaller and more concentrated particles are produced compared to those in argon, owing to the exothermic oxidation reactions. A simplified simulation method combining the population balance model (PBM) with the flow partitioning method was used for further analyzing the effect of local flow fields. The simulation results reveal that the aerosol particle size increases rapidly close to the ablation region by agglomeration of dense primary nanoparticles, and thus regulating the residence time in that region can control the aerosol size efficiently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of aerosol separation in a rising Taylor bubble","authors":"Rhandrey Maestri ,&nbsp;Clemens Bilsing ,&nbsp;Lars Büttner ,&nbsp;Jürgen Czarske ,&nbsp;Uwe Hampel ,&nbsp;Gregory Lecrivain","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosol transport in rising air bubbles finds application in the removal of micro-pollutants from gases. Its theoretical investigation is mostly limited to small air bubbles because they remain spherical. For bubbles larger than a few centimeters, the gas-liquid interface oscillates in an unpredictable way. This affects the flow on both sides of the interface and ultimately the aerosol-to-liquid capture. We presently investigate aerosol separation in rising Taylor bubbles. Such bubbles have a highly reproducible elongated shape, easily extending to 20 cm in length, and are ideal candidates for model validation. Over one hundred separation experiments with an aerosol size ranging from 1 to <span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> are presented. This regime, known as inertia-dominated, is of particular scientific interest because the aerosol transport is strongly dependent on the air flow inside the bubble. A simple and semi-analytical formulation reducing all our experimental results is proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the influence of morphological variability and classifier arrangement on tandem particle classification analysis","authors":"Joshua S. Hassim ,&nbsp;Simone Hochgreb ,&nbsp;Adam M. Boies","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosol science relies on multiple classification techniques that separate particles based on distinct physical properties such as mass, mobility, and aerodynamic diameter. Instruments like the differential mobility analyser (DMA), aerosol aerodynamic classifier (AAC), and centrifugal particle mass analyser (CPMA) enable these separations. By combining two of these measurement methods in tandem, it becomes possible to infer additional particle characteristics, such as effective density, which are crucial for understanding aerosol morphology. In this work, we investigate how morphological diversity within a particle population and classification-induced asymmetries influence the retrieval of average aerosol properties in tandem measurements. Numerical simulations reveal that instruments such as the AAC and, to a lesser extent, the CPMA select particles asymmetrically about the mean of a mass–mobility distribution, leading to systematic shifts in the inferred effective density. Experimental measurements of soot aerosols confirm these predictions, showing that the order of classifiers in tandem setups alters the retrieved mass–mobility parameters, in some cases producing physically unrealistic exponents. These findings highlight that classification-induced biases, if unaccounted for, can lead to misinterpretation of ensemble-averaged morphology, particularly for morphologically diverse aerosols. We emphasise the need for careful selection of classifier pairings and correction strategies when comparing mass–mobility relationships across different instruments, studies, or laboratories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achievements and challenges of targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract: Bridging traditional and novel approaches to modelling and clinical needs","authors":"R.M. Ainetdinov ,&nbsp;D.V. Antonov ,&nbsp;S.N. Avdeev ,&nbsp;B.-Y. Cao ,&nbsp;S.A. Kerimbekova ,&nbsp;N. Liu ,&nbsp;Z.M. Merzhoeva ,&nbsp;O.V. Nagatkina ,&nbsp;L.Yu. Nikitina ,&nbsp;O. Rybdylova ,&nbsp;S.S. Sazhin ,&nbsp;E.S. Sokolova ,&nbsp;P.A. Strizhak ,&nbsp;O.A. Suvorova","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achievements and challenges of targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract are summarised. These include an analysis of the means of targeted drug delivery, which were used in the past, are currently available, and are expected to be used in the future. Particular attention is paid to the prioritisation of drugs and means of their targeted delivery. This analysis is followed by a description of pharmacological, experimental and theoretical advances in targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract. A description of the theoretical advances focuses on the theoretical tools currently available and used for the analysis of drug delivery processes, and those which were developed for different applications, mainly in engineering, but could potentially be applicable to the analysis of drug delivery processes in human airways. The latter include the full Lagrangian approach, and recently developed models of mono- and multi-component, and spherical and non-spherical droplet/aerosol heating and evaporation. Particular attention is given to molecular dynamics approaches to modelling aerosols, including their dynamics, heating and evaporation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal evolution and formation mechanisms of aerosols during plasma arc cutting","authors":"Xiaotong Chen,&nbsp;Fei Zhou,&nbsp;Zhenzhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As many reactors around the world are decommissioning, the prevention and control of radioactive aerosols during this process have emerged as a key challenge. Plasma arc cutting or simplified as plasma cutting is a widely-used decommissioning technique, during which aerosols are generated rapidly and variably. However, the temporal evolution and formation mechanisms of these aerosols are usually unknown, leading to uncertainties in aerosol pollution control. This study comprised a combination of a bipolar electric mobility particle sizer and optical particle sizer to measure aerosols in the size range of 10 nm–20 μm with high time resolution (≤1.5 min). The submicron aerosols show a bimodal particle number size distribution (PNSD) with the coexistence of a nucleation mode (&lt;30 nm) and an accumulation mode (100–500 nm). Aerosol modeling indicates that evaporation-condensation and coagulation dominate particle growth, and nucleation-mode particles can be caused by ion-induced nucleation due to high concentration of ions in the plasma. The number concentration of aerosols produced by cutting carbon steel is the highest, while cutting aluminum is the lowest. The peak particle diameter from cutting carbon steel is the largest, and the aluminum the lowest in the size range of 100–200 nm. For carbon steel, the thickness of the plate exerts a negligible influence on the PNSDs, while the percentage of nucleation-mode particles is found to be significantly higher at 100 A current than at 50 A current. The ventilation can reduce the aerosol number concentration by one order of magnitude and suppress the growth of aerosols. The study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the radioactive aerosol control (e.g., ventilation timing, current parameters, etc.) during the decommissioning cutting process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"eXplainable artificial intelligence for non-visual multiclass recognition of EHDA Modes","authors":"Luigi Piero Di Bonito ,&nbsp;Kelly Moreira ,&nbsp;Lelio Campanile ,&nbsp;Klaus Glanzer ,&nbsp;Luewton L.F. Agostinho ,&nbsp;Mauro Iacono ,&nbsp;Francesco Di Natale","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) is a versatile technology applied to different fields ranging from process industries to materials science and medicine. Depending on the operating conditions, EHDA provides different spray modes, which are mostly recognized either by high-speed imaging or, less frequently, by current measurements. While high-speed imaging is very successful for lab experiments, it may be difficult to apply in field applications with limited optical access to the spray. To this scope, this study specifically uses frequency-domain analysis of emitted electric current signal data to propose an eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)-based approach for multi-class recognition of EHDA modes, improving the accuracy of electric current-based classification and allowing an online control of the spray performances. To this scope, a new dataset of experimental data for various liquid types with different chemical–physical properties has been built. The dataset is used to tune the XAI-based method through a supervised learning approach. By combining advanced feature engineering and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), the proposed approach achieves accurate classification, making possible the identification of dripping, intermittent, cone-jet, and the challenging multi-jet modes, without the need for visual data. The use of post-hoc XAI techniques ensures transparency, confirming that the model bases its decisions on frequency patterns aligned with the physics of the process.</div><div>The proposed method demonstrates robustness and a certain adaptability, being capable of classifying with appreciable accuracy EHDA modes for liquids with physical properties different from those used for its training, marking a significant advancement in EHDA process control. This innovation lays the foundation for integrating AI-based classification into closed-loop systems for real-time optimization, addressing both academic and industrial challenges in process efficiency and automation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical note: Quantification of ultrafine particle mass deposition in an in vitro air-liquid interface exposure system","authors":"Anusmita Das ,&nbsp;Mathilde Noemie Delaval ,&nbsp;Mika Ihalainen ,&nbsp;Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis ,&nbsp;Anja Huber ,&nbsp;Elias J. Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Sebastiano Di Bucchianico ,&nbsp;Olli Sippula ,&nbsp;Hendryk Czech ,&nbsp;Martin Sklorz ,&nbsp;Ralf Zimmermann","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) cell exposure systems are essential tools for assessing the toxicity of airborne aerosols and engineered nanomaterials <em>in vitro</em>. These systems are increasingly favored for depositing aerosols directly onto cell cultures with improved precision, scalability, and flexibility. However, a significant challenge remains in accurately determining the actual particle deposition, particularly for ultrafine particles (UFP, Dp ≤ 100 nm). This study investigates the chemical-based quantification of UFP mass deposition and the deposition variability across insert positions in an Automated Exposure Station (AES).</div><div>Multi-well positions in the AES were exposed to soot UFP, rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and copper UFP for 4 h in independent experiments. To determine the mass deposition of soot UFP, Teflon-coated glass fiber filters were placed at various positions and analyzed to quantify targeted PAH. Similarly, copper UFP was deposited onto empty inserts in different positions, and post-exposure quantification was performed.</div><div>Mass deposition efficiencies exhibited a high relative variability of 15 % from experiment to experiment, and the position-dependent variability was not significant for either soot UFP or copper UFP. However, compared to the results from a theoretical model, the model significantly underestimated mass deposition by a factor of 5–8. Incorporating an alternative calculation of the boundary layer thickness into the model improved the agreement between model and experimental data. Therefore, for UFP mass deposition results from modeling must be interpreted with care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time monitoring of particle concentrations within an air stream using a high-frequency Doppler Radar Sensor","authors":"Kennet Braasch,&nbsp;Alexander Teplyuk,&nbsp;Michael Höft","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a Doppler Radar sensor with a transmitting frequency of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>140</mn></mrow></math></span> <!--> <!-->GHz is presented for the continuous real-time monitoring of particles. This measurement approach has advantages over more common methods. Especially, the huge measurement volume sets this method apart and makes it ideal for industrial combustion processes. The theoretical background for the approach is presented and discussed. A setup is constructed and measurements are conducted which serve as proof-of-concept for the monitoring of particle concentration. Two different particle sizes of <span><math><mrow><mn>17</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span>m and <span><math><mrow><mn>12</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span>m are used for these measurements, which are within the typical regime for the application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}