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Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha最新文献

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The three colors of humanity: Early Jewish race-making in 1 Enoch’s Animal Apocalypse 人类的三种颜色以诺书 1 的《动物启示录》中早期犹太人的种族划分
IF 0.3
Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/09518207241227671
Emily Olsen
{"title":"The three colors of humanity: Early Jewish race-making in 1 Enoch’s Animal Apocalypse","authors":"Emily Olsen","doi":"10.1177/09518207241227671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09518207241227671","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several decades since Frank Snowden published his seminal monograph Blacks in Antiquity, scholars have become increasingly interested in understanding the ethnic and racial frameworks deployed by ancient peoples. The intersections of race, color, and ethnicity in classical literature have long been debated, but ancient Jewish texts tend to be left out of these discussions. In this article, I first analyze 1 Enoch’s Animal Apocalypse against the backdrop of Hellenistic-era environmental theory to show that it displays early forms of race-making through its differentiation of colored bulls. Although leading commentaries offered by Nickelsburg and Tiller reject racial readings of the Animal Apocalypse’s colored bulls, Matthew Black’s commentary from the 1980s does not. I show that ancient Hellenistic conceptions of peoples’ color, ethnicity, and behaviors shaped by environmental determinism support Matthew Black’s framework for understanding the Animal Apocalypse’s use of color, namely his equating of Chapter 89’s black bull with Ham, contra Nickelsburg and Tiller. Second, I stress that the Animal Apocalypse’s schema of colored bulls reflects the view that all of humanity derives from white, red, and black ancestors and that this ordering of the three colors constitutes a hierarchal sequencing of humankind, classified into three different types of people in descending order.","PeriodicalId":14859,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The necessity of form and spatial content for defining “apocalypse” and “apocalyptic” 形式和空间内容对界定 "启示录 "和 "世界末日 "的必要性
IF 0.3
Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/09518207231217237
Benjamin E. Reynolds
{"title":"The necessity of form and spatial content for defining “apocalypse” and “apocalyptic”","authors":"Benjamin E. Reynolds","doi":"10.1177/09518207231217237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09518207231217237","url":null,"abstract":"The Semeia 14 definition of apocalypse defined apocalypses as a constellation of form, temporal content, and spatial content, but temporal content (particularly eschatological features) remains the dominant lens through which the genre of apocalypse and related texts are understood. Defining apocalypses primarily in terms of eschatology, however, narrows the definition of apocalypse and dismisses some texts that reflect non-eschatological features of apocalypses. Form and spatial content are often neglected in the examination of apocalypses and “apocalyptic” texts. When we pay attention to form and spatial content, along with temporal content, new horizons open for considering what may be considered apocalypse-like. Jubilees and the Gospel of John are presented as two examples of revelatory texts that reflect the form and spatial content of apocalypses.","PeriodicalId":14859,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demonstratio et veritas. Priestly oracles in Pseudo-Philo’s Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum Demonstratio et veritas.伪菲洛的《圣经古籍》中的祭司神谕
IF 0.3
Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/09518207231169034
Fabrizio Marcello
{"title":"Demonstratio et veritas. Priestly oracles in Pseudo-Philo’s Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum","authors":"Fabrizio Marcello","doi":"10.1177/09518207231169034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09518207231169034","url":null,"abstract":"Although shrouded in mystery, the oracles of the high priest (Urim and Thummim) have often been the subject of curious interest in the literature of the Second Temple, as well as in the Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum (L.A.B.). The present research studies the mentions of this device in Pseudo-Philo’s narrative to shed new light on its configuration, role, and function. Despite the attempts made by recent scholarship to distinguish and separate them from the priestly attire, the most plausible hypothesis is to consider Pseudo-Philo’s understanding of Urim and Thummim as light-giving stones, closely related to the ephod, used by the high priest especially when he has to exercise judgment. Thus, such objects gain importance in reconstructing the peculiar significance of priesthood in L.A.B. In this framework, the strange narrative of L.A.B. 25–26 about the idolatrous stones replaced by new luminous ones becomes more intelligible.","PeriodicalId":14859,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Like one of the glorious ones”: The transformation of Enoch in 2 Enoch 22 "像荣耀者中的一员"：以诺书》22 中以诺的转变
IF 0.3
Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/09518207231190609
Randall E. Otto
{"title":"“Like one of the glorious ones”: The transformation of Enoch in 2 Enoch 22","authors":"Randall E. Otto","doi":"10.1177/09518207231190609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09518207231190609","url":null,"abstract":"The common assertions that Enoch in 2 Enoch is transformed into an angel, if not something more, are shown to lack support from the key bases on which this assertion is made, namely, his standing in the divine presence, the “sounding out” or testing of the angels to his entry into the divine presence, and his change of clothing for priestly service. Moreover, scholarly assertions of Enoch’s “angelic transformation” do not cohere with the clear emphases he later makes to his family of his shared humanity with them. Much of this misreading of the portrayal of Enoch in this book may owe to retrojections of later Hekhalot mysticism back into the book in an effort to discern a “line of development” or trajectory from 1 Enoch to 3 Enoch. Such a trajectory can be warranted only on the basis of a coherent portrayal of Enoch as he is presented in 2 Enoch. There he is clearly depicted as a man who is glorified among the angels but who remains a human being. While Enoch may be “angelomorphic” in having some of the various forms and functions of an angel, even though not explicitly called an “angel” or considered to have the created nature of an angel, this terminology should be used with caution, since it may tend to blur distinctions between the function and ontology of created heavenly and created earthly beings.","PeriodicalId":14859,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Life of Adam and Eve and the nature of Second Temple religious devotion: Can Satan be trusted concerning the worship of Adam? 亚当和夏娃的一生以及第二圣殿宗教奉献的本质：撒旦对亚当的崇拜可信吗？
IF 0.3
Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/09518207231195099
Adam Winn
{"title":"The Life of Adam and Eve and the nature of Second Temple religious devotion: Can Satan be trusted concerning the worship of Adam?","authors":"Adam Winn","doi":"10.1177/09518207231195099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09518207231195099","url":null,"abstract":"The Life of Adam and Eve contains an episode in which Satan describes the protoplast Adam receiving worship from the angels of heaven, worship commanded by God himself. This tradition has played a role in recent debates over the nature of Second Temple religious devotion to the God of Israel. In particular, it has been put forward as an example that undermines arguments that Israel’s God alone was the exclusive recipient of Jewish cultic worship. Within this debate, the reliability of Satan as a narrator within the Life of Adam and Eve has yet to be considered. Demonstrating Satan to be an unreliable narrator would have significant implications for the role of the Life of Adam and Eve in the debate regarding the nature of Jewish religious devotion.","PeriodicalId":14859,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The ethics of ruling: Unearthing an ethical code of a Hellenistic king (embedded in Arrian, Anabasis 1–7) and its affinity to the symposia “On Kingship” in the Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates 统治的伦理：揭示希腊国王的伦理准则（蕴含在阿里安的《Anabasis》1-7 中）及其与《阿里斯特阿斯致菲罗克拉忒斯的信》中 "论王权 "专题讨论会的亲缘关系
IF 0.3
Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1177/09518207231168819
D. Mendels
{"title":"The ethics of ruling: Unearthing an ethical code of a Hellenistic king (embedded in Arrian, Anabasis 1–7) and its affinity to the symposia “On Kingship” in the Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates","authors":"D. Mendels","doi":"10.1177/09518207231168819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09518207231168819","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of a newly discovered ethical code of a Hellenistic king, the Symposia that deal with kingship in the Letter of Aristeas get a new perspective. It is suggested that the two treatises “On Kingship” originated in the Ptolemaic court in the first quarter of the third century B.C.E.","PeriodicalId":14859,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha","volume":"41 3","pages":"140 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Propagating the Israelite way of life in the book of Tobit and in Jubilees: Tobit and Noah as exemplary characters 在《托比特书》和《朱比利叶书》中宣传以色列人的生活方式：作为模范人物的托比特和挪亚
IF 0.3
Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1177/09518207231166877
Katri Antin
{"title":"Propagating the Israelite way of life in the book of Tobit and in Jubilees: Tobit and Noah as exemplary characters","authors":"Katri Antin","doi":"10.1177/09518207231166877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09518207231166877","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the fluidity of beliefs and practices depicted distinctively Israelite in the Book of Tobit and Jubilees. The comparison between Tobit’s and Noah’s characters demonstrates that their exemplarity is depicted similarly by using the two-way metaphor, but the beliefs that these characters propagate are very different. Drawing on the social identity approach, this article shows that the authors of the Book of Tobit and Jubilees compare different groups that affect which beliefs and practices characterize the ideal way of life: Different features are presented as exemplary when ethnic groups are compared to one another as opposed to when different tribes/families are compared. Similarly, the exemplary characteristics are different when common ancestry is defining for Israelite identity in comparison to when covenantal obedience is defining. The comparative context does not change only between the Book of Tobit and Jubilees but also within each book. The shift in the comparative context offers one explanation for the literary seams in the Book of Tobit.","PeriodicalId":14859,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha","volume":"35 23","pages":"97 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139263346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Atoning for the land in the writings of Early Judaism 在早期犹太教的著作中为土地赎罪
IF 0.3
Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/09518207221140826
Ariel Feldman
{"title":"Atoning for the land in the writings of Early Judaism","authors":"Ariel Feldman","doi":"10.1177/09518207221140826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09518207221140826","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the references to atonement for the land in Early Jewish literature. The notion that sexual misconduct, idolatry, and bloodshed defile the land is well known from such scriptural texts as Lev 18:6–25, 27 and Num 35:33–34. Recent biblical scholarship distinguishes between ritual and moral impurities and places the defilement of the land within the latter category. For such moral impurities, the Torah makes no provision for a ritual removal. And yet, the book of Jubilees and Genesis Apocryphon depict Noah as offering a sacrifice to atone for the earth immediately after the Flood. Moreover, 1QWords of Moses (1Q22) in its description of the Day of Atonement mentions an atonement for the land. Finally, such sectarian texts as Community Rule (S), Rule of the Congregation, and 4QMiscellaneous Rules (4Q265) depict the sectarian community(ies) as atoning for the land. Looking closely at all these sources, this paper suggests that underlying all of them is a shared halakhic tradition that land can and should be atoned for by means of a sacrifice.","PeriodicalId":14859,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha","volume":"33 1","pages":"19 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48924738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heaven and temple in the Second Temple period: A taxonomy 第二圣殿时期的天与庙：一个分类学
IF 0.3
Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/09518207211052237
Nicholas J Moore
{"title":"Heaven and temple in the Second Temple period: A taxonomy","authors":"Nicholas J Moore","doi":"10.1177/09518207211052237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09518207211052237","url":null,"abstract":"It is a commonplace of ancient Near Eastern worldviews that temples have cosmic significance. This understanding persists and develops in the Second Temple period, with numerous texts witnessing to a widely held belief that the Jerusalem temple reflected heaven or the universe. Scholars have largely been content either to recognize a basic relationship, or to distinguish temple-in-heaven from temple-as-universe, sometimes construing the former as “apocalyptic” and the latter as “Hellenistic.” Jonathan Klawans’ work represents an important articulation of this distinction. This article summarizes his contribution, and critiques it on the grounds that it remains overly dichotomous and does not do full justice to the evidence. Instead, a fresh taxonomy is proposed with four key categories, each illustrated from Second Temple and biblical texts. None of these categories is discrete; rather they demarcate a spectrum or scale of ways that ancient Jewish and early Christian writers conceptualized the heaven–temple relationship.","PeriodicalId":14859,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha","volume":"33 1","pages":"75 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42284162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ibises and Egypt in the Animal Apocalypse: A new identification 动物启示录中的伊比斯与埃及：一种新的身份认同
IF 0.3
Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/09518207231153819
Elena Dugan
{"title":"Ibises and Egypt in the Animal Apocalypse: A new identification","authors":"Elena Dugan","doi":"10.1177/09518207231153819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09518207231153819","url":null,"abstract":"The allegorical quartet of birds which prey upon the sheep in 1 Enoch 90.2 have been variously identified by early-modern and modern scholars, with no solution reaching consensus. This article proposes the “hobay” should be translated as “ibises” and accordingly represent an Egyptian people-group. I first advance this argument with the help of a parallel usage of terminology in the Greek Testament of Judah. I next confirm the utility of this identification with a brief survey of roughly contemporary primary sources (textual and material) which connect ibises and Egypt. Finally, with these cultural discourses in mind, I re-integrate the ibises into the Animal Apocalypse, suggesting that the recasting of a graceful national bird as a carnivorous monster is a deviously clever imperial critique.","PeriodicalId":14859,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha","volume":"33 1","pages":"3 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45606461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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