JMIR Formative Research最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship Between Medical Student Neuroticism and Preferred Medical Specialty: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Jonathan Shaw, Brenton Phung, Ashley Lai, James Hagerty, Van Le, Seung Rim Yoo, Jerome Torres, Angelene Won, Charles Lai, Peter Bota, Aaron Jacobs","doi":"10.2196/73507","DOIUrl":"10.2196/73507","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e73507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient and Public Perceptions of 3D Technologies (Models and Images) to Facilitate Health Care Consultations: Exploratory, Mixed Methods Study.","authors":"Harleen Kaur Rai, Morven Miller, Steve Leung, Euan Macleod, Marilyn Lennon","doi":"10.2196/65235","DOIUrl":"10.2196/65235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>3D technology, including models and images, can facilitate health care consultations by promoting a better understanding of information by patients and shared decision-making. However, little is yet known about the general public's perspectives about the acceptability of such innovative technology and how it can best be adopted into routine health care consultations. There is a need to explore both public and patient perceptions to avoid the risk of implementing 3D technologies that may not be acceptable or fit-for-purpose.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper aimed to explore the patient and public perceptions of the use of 3D technology during health care consultations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study adopted a citizen science approach using mixed methods to conduct (1) a short web-based survey with members of the public to gather a wide range of opinions regarding the use of various technologies for health care consultations; (2) a longer web-based survey to explore perceived barriers and opportunities people report specifically on the use of 3D technology; and (3) telephone interviews with patients who recently used 3D technology as part of their health care consultations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 211 participants completed the short survey, of which 25 went on to complete the longer survey. While members of the public were familiar with using various types of technologies during remote consultations, most participants did not have experience with using 3D technology. However, people reported that they could see the potential benefits of such technology to facilitate health care consultations. They expressed positive perceptions toward how this might assist in comprehension of a diagnosis and discussion of alternative treatment plans. They also mentioned potential benefits in relation to communication and shared decision-making either with their health care provider or with their friends and family. These potential benefits were confirmed through telephone interviews with 4 patients who also stressed potential barriers such as emotional distress caused by an overload of information as important considerations for wider implementation. Overall, there was a strong interest and willingness to use 3D technology in future health care consultations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of 3D technology in health care settings is now an option, but there is little research to date on how patients and the wider public might benefit from this. This mixed methods study has shown that people are accepting of 3D technology being used in health care consultations and that there might be real benefits to the patient. These include improved individual and shared decision-making around their treatment through the technology, making disease and treatment options easier to understand for patients. Since 3D technology can still be expensive, the benefits to the patient and health care p","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e65235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Eco-Friendly Smartphone-Assisted Nystagmus Recording System for Recording Vertigo Attacks Anytime, Anywhere: Pilot App Development Study.","authors":"Yumi Dobashi, Masao Noda, Tatsuaki Kuroda, Noriaki Miyata, Makoto Ito, Reiko Tsunoda, Hiroaki Fushiki","doi":"10.2196/73811","DOIUrl":"10.2196/73811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The widespread adoption of smartphones and tablet devices, along with advancements in data communication technology, has resulted in a paradigm shift in the treatment of dizziness. External factors, such as the spread of COVID-19, have accelerated this transformation in recent years. We have been pursuing telemedicine and web-based medical care to treat dizziness and have developed different products and services necessary for each treatment process stage. Several patients face difficulties in accessing medical facilities during severe vertigo episodes. Furthermore, clinical findings, such as nystagmus or other symptoms, may be absent when symptoms subside by the time of their appointment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a smartphone app for capturing eye movements and head positions during vertigo attacks, enabling recordings anywhere, even at home or work.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed an app named \"iCapNYS\" that uses the iPhone's front camera and gyro sensor to record eye movements and head positions. The app incorporates features designed to encourage spontaneous eye movements, minimizing nystagmus suppression caused by fixation. Additionally, we designed lightweight, recyclable cardboard goggles to securely hold the smartphone and block visual stimuli from the surrounding environment, optimizing the recording conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The \"iCapNYS\" system successfully captured subtle peripheral vestibular nystagmus in a patient with vertigo. The recorded nystagmus characteristics are comparable to those obtained using traditional infrared CCD (charge-coupled device) cameras.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This app is an effective tool for treating vertigo and is easy for older adults to use, as it can be recorded with only 3 taps. We expect that the introduction of this nystagmus-monitoring system will improve vertigo treatment quality, promote medical collaboration, and provide patients with peace of mind in their care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e73811"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Serious Game to Simulate Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Experiences: Collaborative Quasi-Experimental Study.","authors":"Yukihide Miyosawa, Koichi Hirabayashi, Kodai Yamada, Fumiya Kobayashi, Nanami Ogihara, Noa Takeda, Eri Okamura, Shogo Matsumura","doi":"10.2196/73009","DOIUrl":"10.2196/73009","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Opportunities for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) training are limited for medical and nursing students due to patient safety concerns and the complexities of neonatal care. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted clinical training opportunities, further underscoring the need for alternative educational tools that can provide immersive and practical learning experiences. Serious games have garnered attention as potential tools for medical education; however, few are designed to simulate the complete NICU environment and its unique challenges.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To address the educational gaps in neonatal care training, we aimed to develop and evaluate a serious game that provides a comprehensive NICU simulation experience for students and the general public.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The game was developed over 14 months by a collaborative team that included a neonatologist, 4 medical students, and 1 art student, with a total cost of US $10,000. Initially created in TyranoBuilder (STRIKEWORKS), the game was later redeveloped in Unity with Naninovel to support multilingual functionality. Structured as a 6-chapter visual novel, the game follows a high school student observing the NICU during a hospital internship. Scenario-based decision-making and interactive dialogues guide the player through both the clinical and emotional aspects of neonatal care. After completing the game, players were invited to participate in an optional web-based survey that assessed demographic information, gameplay quality, and educational value using Likert scales. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The game, titled First Steps in the NICU, was released for iOS, Android, and Steam. As of May 2025, it has been downloaded 2799 times (2260 on iOS and 539 on Android). A total of 160 survey responses were collected, with 46.3% of respondents identifying as health care professionals or students. The majority of participants were female (114/160, 71.3%) and aged 20-29 years (59/160, 36.9%). Mean scores for length, difficulty, and gameplay were 3.05 (SD 0.62), 2.49 (SD 0.76), and 3.65 (SD 0.77), respectively, indicating a well-balanced design. The educational usefulness of the game received high ratings: empathy with the story (4.24), usefulness for knowledge acquisition (4.16), and effectiveness of serious games as a learning tool (4.37). No significant differences in evaluations were found between health care professionals and students and the general public, suggesting broad accessibility and appeal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;We developed a low-cost serious game that simulates NICU experiences through collaboration between a neonatologist and students. The game received positive feedback and demonstrated educational value for a diverse audience. Positioned as formative research, this study highlights the potential of serious ga","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e73009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12223455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety Evaluation in Healthy Adults of Motion-Based Virtual Reality Dichoptic Training for Pediatric Patients With Amblyopia: Prospective Intervention Study.","authors":"Masakazu Hirota, Yuichi Okumura, Ken Nagino, Takao Hayashi, Takashi Negishi, Shintaro Nakao, Hitoshi Kawasaki, Takenori Inomata","doi":"10.2196/69801","DOIUrl":"10.2196/69801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amblyopia, a unilateral or bilateral visual disorder, affects up to 5% of the general population and is a leading cause of childhood visual impairment. Current treatments, such as patching therapy, aim to improve amblyopia by temporarily occluding the unaffected eye, thereby promoting the use of the amblyopic eye. However, adherence to patch therapy can be challenging, as the forced use of the amblyopic eye can be stressful for children. Moreover, despite improvements in visual acuity by patch therapy, children with amblyopia often face difficulties with hand-eye coordination; therefore, a treatment that reduces stress for them while simultaneously improving hand-eye coordination could address the limitations of existing amblyopia therapies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the safety of our motion-based virtual reality (VR) dichoptic training app using Japanese Kendama in healthy adult participants, which was designed to improve hand-eye coordination in pediatric patients with amblyopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective intervention study involved 20 healthy young adults (median age 21, IQR 21-28.3 y), including 16 women. The participants played the motion-based VR dichoptic training app for 30 minutes and then completed a subjective symptom questionnaire, which comprised 9 questions (Q1-Q9) with each item scored on a 4-point scale, except Q9, which was assessed on a binary scale. Q1-Q3 focused on subjective eye symptoms, Q4-Q7 evaluated physical and mental discomfort, Q8 assessed the degree of VR session-induced arm fatigue, and Q9 assessed the severity of visually induced motion sickness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed in the reported ocular symptoms before and after the VR session, including eye fatigue (mean before vs after: 1.25, SD 0.94 points vs 1.35, SD 0.85 points), blurred vision (0.55, SD 0.50 points vs 0.80, SD 0.40 points), eye dryness (0.95, SD 0.74 points vs 1.25, SD 0.83 points), and visually induced motion sickness (0.00, SD 0.00 points vs 0.05, SD 0.22 points). These results suggested that the motion-based VR dichoptic training did not induce significant adverse ocular effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The motion-based VR dichoptic training app demonstrated minimal adverse ocular effects in healthy adult participants, suggesting that it is safe for use in this population. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and good tolerability of this VR-based intervention in healthy adults. Further studies, including clinical studies in adult and pediatric patients with amblyopia, are warranted to evaluate its applicability and therapeutic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e69801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the Nonadoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) Framework to Adapt the CHAMP App for Pediatric Feeding Tube Weaning: Application and Case Report.","authors":"Dana M Bakula, Alexandra Zax, Sarah Edwards, Kristina Nash, April Escobar, Rachel Graham, Amy Ricketts, Ryan Thompson, Sarah Bullard, Julianne Brogren, Leah Shimmens, Lori A Erickson","doi":"10.2196/67398","DOIUrl":"10.2196/67398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence-based tube feeding (TF) weaning involves reducing the volume of tube feeds to induce hunger, with interdisciplinary monitoring to allow for proactive medical, nutritional, and behavioral intervention as needed. This can be done outpatient; however, the current standard of care requires a high degree of medical monitoring and care coordination, which can be challenging to implement. The CHAMP App is a mobile app designed for remote patient monitoring of children born with congenital heart conditions who are at high risk for medical morbidity and mortality. The CHAMP App remote patient monitoring program would be ideally suited to improve medical monitoring and care coordination.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to determine the feasibility of adapting the CHAMP App for children ready to wean from TF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework as a formative tool and conducted a case study beta test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The level of complexity for the digital innovation's adaptation supported a high likelihood of success for the TF population. Most issues were simple, such as expanding the types of data that could be entered into the app, and some were more complicated, for instance, training all relevant staff to use and maintain the technology. The case study beta test was conducted with \"Greyson\", a 10-month old child weaning from TF (name changed for confidentiality). Once a week, the team reviewed the parent-entered data and communicated with Greyson's parents, recommending a 25% reduction in tube feeding each week. With the CHAMP App facilitating 2-way communication between the family and the team, Greyson successfully transitioned from receiving 30% of his feeds orally and 70% via tube feeding to 100% oral feedings over the course of 1 month in a home setting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CHAMP App is likely to be incredibly valuable in TF weaning. The NASSS framework helped identify key considerations for adapting the CHAMP App for TF weaning at a Midwestern children's hospital. Interviews with the health care team highlighted issues like data entry expansion and staff training. The framework confirmed TF weaning as a suitable application with no major barriers. The CHAMP App successfully supported a test patient, Greyson, in weaning from his feeding tube. It may improve access, communication efficiency, and satisfaction among families and health care teams while reducing costs and enhancing safety monitoring. The app could also make TF weaning more accessible to families with lower health literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e67398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Data Collection Via Consumer-Grade Wearable Devices in Adolescent Student Athletes: Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.","authors":"Danielle Ransom, Brant Tudor, Sarah Irani, Mohamed Rehman, Stacy Suskauer, P Patrick Mularoni, Luis Ahumada","doi":"10.2196/54630","DOIUrl":"10.2196/54630","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Recent advancements in sports medicine have been fueled by innovative technologies, particularly consumer-grade wearable devices like Fitbit, Apple Watch, and Garmin. These devices offer physiological and biomechanical data and hold promise for personalized, real-time, and remote assessment of athlete recovery. However, few studies have been conducted with these devices in adolescent student athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of integrating consumer-grade wearable technology into injury recovery monitoring of adolescent student athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The study included 34 high school student athletes aged 14-18 diagnosed with either concussion or orthopedic injury, enrolled within 10 days of injury. Participants were equipped with a Fitbit Sense for continuous monitoring of physiological markers, including cardiovascular metrics, physical activity levels, and sleep patterns. Data collection extended 4-6 weeks beyond injury clearance, during which adherence rates were assessed at both hourly and daily intervals. Hourly adherence was defined as the proportion of participants with at least 1 recorded heart rate data point per hour, while daily adherence was defined as the proportion of participants with at least 1 recorded heart rate data point per 24-hour period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study demonstrated high participant adherence to wearing the device. The orthopedic injury cohort exhibited a median adherence rate of 95%, with individual rates ranging from 82% to 100%. Similarly, the concussion cohort demonstrated a median adherence rate of 93%, with adherence rates spanning from 37% to 100%. Notably, the study encountered minimal issues related to device functionality, with only 1 participant necessitating a device replacement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;These findings demonstrate successful integration of wearable technology in data collection for adolescent student athletes recovering from sports-related injuries. However, it is important to consider current limitations, including factors that may influence data accuracy and precision. In conclusion, this feasibility study demonstrates the practicality of using consumer-grade wearable technology for the collection of physiological and biomechanical parameters in adolescent student athletes recovering from sport-related injuries. The high level of adherence highlights the potential applicability of consumer-grade wearable devices in this population. Study findings lay the foundation for future investigations with larger and more diverse cohorts to identify the utility of device metrics in identifying unique patterns of injury-specific recovery (ie, sport-related concussion). Consumer-grade wearable devices offer promise for optimizing assessment and management of injured athletes through wearable technology integration into standard clinical protocol","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e54630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for Designing a Digital Health Tool for Blindness Prevention Among High-Risk Diabetic Retinopathy Patients: Qualitative Focus Group Study of Adults With Diabetes.","authors":"Akua Frimpong, Alvaro Granados, Thomas Chang, Julia Fu, Shannan G Moore, Serina Applebaum, Bolatito Adepoju, Mahima Kaur, Vignesh Hari Krishnan, Amanda Levi, Terika McCall, Kristen Harris Nwanyanwu","doi":"10.2196/65893","DOIUrl":"10.2196/65893","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable blindness among working-aged adults. Black, Latine, and low-income individuals are screened less for DR, diagnosed later, treated less often, and go blind more than White individuals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to engage members to co-design a digital health tool that is accessible, user-friendly, and culturally relevant, through a community-led research approach,.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Using a qualitative approach, we conducted 4 semistructured focus group interviews with 19 individuals from the Greater New Haven area, aged 18 years or older, and diagnosed with diabetes. We transcribed and coded the focus group interviews and categorized them into themes using affinity mapping. The specific aims were to complete a comprehensive needs assessmen for the development of a community-responsive digital health tool and to increase access to information about DR screening in high-risk populations. We transcribed the focus group interviews, used rapid qualitative analysis to generate themes, and completed affinity mapping to identify content and features for a digital health tool for preventing blindness from DR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We interviewed 19 individuals (68% [13/19] female, 47% [9/19] Black, 26% [5/19]) Hispanic) in 4 focus groups. Over 80% (15/19) had access to smart devices, including smartphones (17/19, 89%), smartwatches (4/19, 21%), computers (14/19, 74%), and tablets (11/19, 58%). Many participants had access to multiple devices (17/19, 89%). Participants self-reported hemoglobin A1c (mean hemoglobin A1c 6.77, SD 1.93) and age (mean age 58.79, SD 19.54). Education levels among participants varied. Almost half of all the participants (9/19, 47%) completed some college, a little less than a quarter (4/19, 21%) achieved a high school diploma or general education development certificate, and a little less than a quarter (4/19, 21%) completed less than a high school equivalent of education. Household income levels across nearly all participants (14/19, 74%) were below US $50,000, but household size data were not collected. Participants reported extensive experience with diabetes or prediabetes (mean years with diabetes or prediabetes 17.06, SD 17.53). The themes obtained from coding focus group interviews included the mental toll of diabetes, peer support like accountability and local community events, education about diabetes management, barriers to DR screening like long wait times for appointments or cost of medications, and diet-related topics like how to find cost-effective healthy food.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;DR is one of the leading causes of blindness, and many treatments exist. Despite the existence of treatments, historically marginalized populations experience poor health outcomes, including blindness. Our community-based approach aids in the creation of a culturally responsive digital","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e65893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Political Viewpoint of Policy Statements From Professional Medical Organizations Using ChatGPT With GPT-4: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ben Knudsen, Amr Madkour, Preetam Cholli, Alyson Haslam, Vinay Prasad","doi":"10.2196/66204","DOIUrl":"10.2196/66204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Professional medical organizations publish policy statements that are used to impact legislation or address societal issues. Many organizations are nonpartisan, yet it is uncertain whether their policy statements balance liberal and conservative values.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the political viewpoint of policy statements from 6 influential medical organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Surgeons, American Psychiatric Association, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American College of Physicians, and American Academy of Family Physicians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between December 2023 and February 2024, policy statements from the 6 organizations were identified and evaluated using ChatGPT with GPT-4 to reduce bias. Each statement was pasted into a new ChatGPT session following the phrase \"Does this text align with a liberal or conservative viewpoint?\" Two authors reviewed each response and categorized the statement as liberal, probably liberal, neutral, probably conservative, or conservative.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-third of policy statements (529/1592, 33.2%) were found to be aligned with a political ideology. Among these 529 statements, 516 (97.5%) were liberal or probably liberal and 13 (2.5%) were conservative or probably conservative. For each organization, among policy statements with a political leaning, the percentage of liberal or probably liberal statements was as follows: 100% (69/69) for the American Academy of Pediatrics, 100% (24/24) for the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 100% (12/12) for the American College of Surgeons, 99% (72/73) for the American Psychiatric Association, 97% (174/180) for the American Academy of Family Physicians, and 96% (165/171) for the American College of Physicians.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One in 3 policy statements from these 6 professional organizations align with a partisan political viewpoint. Among these, positions are 40 times more likely to be liberal or probably liberal than conservative or probably conservative. Whether or not organizations are politically neutral and seek viewpoint diversity warrants further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e66204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of Stigma Among Patients With Hepatitis B in Germany: Cross-Sectional Survey.","authors":"Bettina M Zimmermann, Theresa Willem, Michael Rost, Nina Matthes, Alena Buyx","doi":"10.2196/66379","DOIUrl":"10.2196/66379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many studies find associations between hepatitis B and stigma, but studies from the Western European context are lacking. Based on available studies, we hypothesized that younger age, higher education, male gender, higher privacy needs, and non-German mother tongue were positively associated with perceived hepatitis B-related stigma.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to describe the prevalence of perceived social stigma among patients with hepatitis B in Germany and to assess what factors are associated with perceptions of hepatitis B-related stigma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Applying the short version of the Berger stigma scale, we surveyed 195 patients with hepatitis B about their perceptions of hepatitis B-related stigma, privacy needs, and demographic variables through a paper-based questionnaire. Venue-based recruitment of adult patients diagnosed with acute or chronic hepatitis B was implemented at 3 clinical centers in Germany. Patients who could not read German were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 195 valid questionnaires, 45.1% (88/195) of participants identified as female, 36.6% (71/195) had a high school diploma, and 56.9% (111/195) reported a mother tongue other than German. The mean (SD) stigma score throughout the sample was 5.52 (6.02; range 0-24) and the median was 3.50 (IQR=9.75). Regression analysis revealed that non-German mother tongue, individual data privacy needs, and participants' secrecy regarding their hepatitis B diagnosis independently predicted perceived hepatitis B-related stigma. More precisely, the higher the data privacy need and the more secret the hepatitis B diagnosis, the higher the perceived stigma, and perceived stigma was higher for patients with a non-German mother tongue. Age, gender, and education were no predictors of perceived stigma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The surveyed patients with hepatitis B in Germany reported lower levels of hepatitis B-related stigma than found in other studies conducted in Asian countries. The association with non-German mother tongue indicates an important cultural and social component in the perception of stigma. Community-based interventions and the sensibilization of health care professionals might help overcome perceptions of stigma among hepatitis B-affected populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e66379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}