JMIR Formative Research最新文献

{"title":"Ambivalent User Needs as a Challenge and Chance for the Design of a Web-Based Intervention for Gaming Disorder: Qualitative Interview Study With Adolescents and Young Adults.","authors":"Birte Linny Geisler, Kay Uwe Petersen, Sara Hanke, Simon Schurer, Anne Schreiber, Christine Lämmle, Anil Batra, Tobias Renner, Isabel Brandhorst","doi":"10.2196/63258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/63258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Germany, there are still many young people with gaming disorder (GD) who do not use or cannot access existing treatment services. Given the increasing prevalence of internet use disorders and GD, especially among young people in Germany, there is a need to provide additional low-threshold treatment options that are easily accessible anywhere. Web-based interventions (WBIs) can be used to achieve this goal.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to explore the treatment needs of young people with GD in Germany and derive implications for the development of a self-guided WBI for GD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a qualitative study design, we conducted a focus group with 3 young male adults and semistructured individual interviews with 3 male adolescents. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The reporting of this study followed the COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants' expectations of web-based help in general and of a self-guided WBI for GD revealed a wide variety of sometimes conflicting user needs. For example, by analyzing participants' experiences with successful strategies, we found that external stabilizers (eg, parental control and support group meetings) were helpful in managing GD. However, with regard to a WBI, participants described it as a barrier if the WBI created \"too much pressure.\" On the other hand, \"not enough pressure\" (ie, not enough external control) was also mentioned as a barrier. The belief that gaming is rewarding and that only equally rewarding activities are successful alternatives to gaming is in tension with the fact that changing problematic gaming behavior can be stressful and not feel rewarding at all. The data also showed that, on the one hand, a WBI should be designed to be attractive (eg, by incorporating gaming elements) but that it should not be too attractive as this, in turn, could trigger GD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A self-guided WBI for GD should consider and address conflicting user needs. Ambivalence of needs in the face of coping with GD should not be seen as a problem but as a normal part of a change process and, therefore, actively integrated into the WBI concept and storyline.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00032334; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00032334.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e63258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinician-Focused Connected Health Requirements Gathering for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Through Clinical Journey Mapping: Design Science Study.","authors":"Richard Harris, Deirdre Murray, Angela McSweeney, Frederic Adam","doi":"10.2196/53617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/53617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many health care systems globally face severe capacity issues, with lengthening waiting lists and stretched resources. Connected health has been proposed as a game changer for health care. However, the development of connected health apps is difficult and requires multidisciplinary development teams. Patient journey mapping presents an opportunity to streamline the requirements-gathering process for such apps by clearly showing the patient journey to team members who are not familiar with relevant clinical practices. This research project focuses on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a case study for using clinical journey mapping to represent the \"gold standard\" care pathway for ADHD treatment; the Dundee Clinical Care Pathway. This pathway was analyzed in detail and was further explored in discussions with stakeholders to produce a patient journey map.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this paper is to answer three research questions: (1) visualizing the Dundee ADHD clinical care pathway using integrated patient journey mapping and exploring how its use benefits multidisciplinary development teams; (2) optimizing the integrated patient journey map arising from the Dundee Clinical Care Pathway, in line with the underlying clinical realities of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service in Ireland; and (3) proposing areas where connected health integration can deliver efficiency and substantial gains for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study uses a design science approach where a sample artifact is presented to a relevant audience for review and feedback and is then leveraged to work iteratively toward an improved, final artifact. This paper presents the feedback collected from both information systems and clinical professionals at each iteration of the map.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This research delivers a comprehensive clinical patient journey map based on the Dundee clinical care pathway. Using unified modeling language concepts and color coding, multiple patient personas are mapped onto a streamlined diagram, allowing the diagram, at an abstract level, to cover the most typical clinical scenarios.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinical journey mapping provides a way for team members to get up to speed on clinical practices, while also presenting a way for development teams to identify key gaps where connected health systems can be embedded in clinical pathways to optimize the use of clinical resources and ultimately deliver better patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e53617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactivity to Smoking Cues in a Social Context: Virtual Reality Experiment.","authors":"Katharina Eidenmueller, Sabine Hoffmann, Kornelius Kammler-Sücker, Leonard Wenger, Massimiliano Mazza, Christiane Mühle, Manuel Stenger, Gerrit Meixner, Falk Kiefer, Bernd Lenz","doi":"10.2196/71285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/71285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social contextual factors influence the onset and maintenance of substance abuse. Virtual reality (VR) provides a standardized method to present social stimuli and is increasingly used in addiction research.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines the influence of a smoking versus a nonsmoking agent in VR on craving in nicotine-dependent male participants. Our primary hypothesis was that the interaction with a smoking agent is associated with increased craving compared to a nonsmoking agent. We expected higher craving in the presence of an agent regardless of the agent's smoking status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a head-mounted display (Oculus Rift), 50 nicotine-dependent smokers were exposed to four VR conditions on a virtual marketplace: first without an agent, second and third with an agent who either smoked or did not smoke in randomized order, and fourth without an agent as a follow-up condition. Before the follow-up condition, participants smoked a cigarette. Craving was assessed with the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges and a visual analog scale within VR and after each session. We also examined anxiety and agitation (visual analog scale), immersion and presence with the igroup Presence Questionnaire, and salivary cortisol levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed no significant difference in the participants' craving, anxiety, or agitation between the smoking and nonsmoking agent conditions. However, craving, anxiety, and agitation increased from the marketplace without an interacting agent to the conditions with an interacting agent, and decreased after smoking a cigarette. Immersion was low in all conditions and decreased over time. Salivary cortisol levels were highest at baseline and decreased over the course of the experiment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the presence of an agent (as a contextual factor) may override the specific influence of proximal stimuli (burning cigarette). The low immersion highlights the challenges in developing effective VR environments for cue exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e71285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Contents of a Large, Public Online Peer Support Forum for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Thematic Analysis.","authors":"Nora Yanyi Sun, Christopher Pittenger, Terence Ching","doi":"10.2196/60899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/60899","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating chronic anxiety disorder with low rates of remission. r/OCD is a peer support forum hosted by the Reddit website with over 180,000 users and 100-200 new posts daily. While peer support has been associated with improved treatment adherence and outcomes, online forums can also be an outlet for performing and accommodating compulsions (eg, seeking and receiving reassurance), which can ultimately exacerbate OCD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to inductively assess what types of content are posted on r/OCD, an online peer support forum for individuals with OCD, to better understand the prevalent topics, dynamics, and norms of such online communities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;To describe the explicit content of the forum, 132 new posts with a total of 739 comments added to the subreddit within a 24-hour period from August 4, 2023, to August 5, 2023, were manually downloaded and coded using inductive thematic analysis. Though posts beyond the first 24 hours were downloaded, saturation of ideas was observed after the first 110 posts, and thus, no posts after the first 24 hours were included in the analysis. Through inductive thematic analysis, codes were organized into overarching themes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Four main themes emerged during analysis: (1) validating OCD symptoms (n=69 total posts and comments), (2) connecting with peers with similar OCD themes (n=512), (3) coping with symptoms (n=280), and (4) sharing treatment experiences and advice (n=118). Many posts involved users describing their symptoms, questioning if a particular symptom was OCD, and asking other users if they had similar experiences. Users frequently categorized their OCD into subtypes using abbreviations (eg, \"ROCD\" [relationship OCD]) to seek others with similar experiences. A minority of posts solicited and provided advice on therapy and medication. Users were supportive and encouraging of each other's recovery journeys.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Online peer support forum users demonstrated substantial knowledge of OCD and treatments; these forums enable users to receive social support and exchange helpful information and peer experiences related to seeking medical treatment. However, many users use the platform to connect with others experiencing similar subtypes of OCD or to seek confirmation that their symptoms are OCD, which is promoted by community norms and may suggest they are reassurance-seeking. Close moderation by health care professionals and restricting detailed sharing of OCD symptoms to prevent reassurance-seeking may be important for ensuring a net positive impact of online peer support forums for OCD. In addition, clinicians should consider if their patients may be reassurance-seeking on this and similar OCD forums, given their popularity. Future studies should conduct interviews with users and investigate patterns of user abilit","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e60899"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Data-Driven Approach to Assessing Hepatitis B Mother-to-Child Transmission Risk Prediction Model: Machine Learning Perspective.","authors":"Dung Nguyen Tien, Huong Thi Thu Bui, Tram Hoang Thi Ngoc, Thuy Thi Pham, Dac Trung Nguyen, Huyen Nguyen Thi Thu, Thi Thu Hang Vu, Thi Lan Anh Luong, Lan Thu Hoang, Ho Cam Tu, Nina Körber, Tanja Bauer, Lam Khanh Ho","doi":"10.2196/69838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/69838","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be transmitted from mother to child either through transplacental infection or via blood-to-blood contact during or immediately after delivery. Early and accurate risk assessments are essential for guiding clinical decisions and implementing effective preventive measures. Data mining techniques are powerful tools for identifying key predictors in medical diagnostics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to develop a robust predictive model for mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV using decision tree algorithms, specifically Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) and classification and regression trees (CART). The study identifies clinically and paraclinically relevant predictors, particularly hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) concentration, for effective risk stratification and prevention. Additionally, we will assess the model's reliability and generalizability through cross-validation with various training-test split ratios, aiming to enhance its applicability in clinical settings and inform improved preventive strategies against HBV MTCT.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study used decision tree algorithms-ID3 and CART-on a data set of 60 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive pregnant women. Samples were collected either before or at the time of delivery, enabling the inclusion of patients who were undiagnosed or had limited access to treatment. We analyzed both clinical and paraclinical parameters, with a particular focus on HBeAg status and PBMC concentration. Additional biochemical markers were evaluated for their potential contributory or inhibitory effects on MTCT risk. The predictive models were validated using multiple training-test split ratios to ensure robustness and generalizability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Our analysis showed that 20 out of 48 (based on a split ratio of 0.8 from a total of 60 cases, 42%) to 27 out of 57 (based on a split ratio of 0.95 from a total of 60 cases, 47%) training cases with HBeAg-positive status were associated with a significant risk of MTCT of HBV (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;=21.16, P=.007, df=8). Among HBeAg-negative women, those with PBMC concentrations ≥8 × 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; cells/mL exhibited a low risk of MTCT, whereas individuals with PBMC concentrations &lt;8 × 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; cells/mL demonstrated a negligible risk. Across all training-test split ratios, the decision tree models consistently identified HBeAg status and PBMC concentration as the most influential predictors, underscoring their robustness and critical role in MTCT risk stratification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study demonstrates that decision tree models are effective tools for stratifying the risk of MTCT of HBV by integrating key clinical and paraclinical markers. Among these, HBeAg status and PBMC concentration emerged as the most critical predictors. While the analysis focused on untre","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e69838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needs and Preferences of Swedish Young Adults for a Digital App Promoting Mental Health Literacy, Occupational Balance, and Peer Support: Qualitative Interview Study.","authors":"Martin Karaba Bäckström, Sonya Girdler, Ben Milbourn, Annika Lexén","doi":"10.2196/71563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/71563","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Young adults experience stressors in their transition to adulthood and are at increased risk of mental ill-health. This risk is compounded by young adults' low levels of mental health literacy and limited competencies in implementing strategies promoting mental health and well-being in their daily lives. Previous research suggests that digital mental health apps may be particularly effective in increasing the mental health literacy of young adults. In Sweden, there is a lack of research on young adults' unique perspectives on what constitutes mental health, well-being, and ill-health-perspectives that could inform the coproduction of evidence-based interventions targeting these issues.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The overarching aim of this study was to conduct a needs assessment as part of coproducing a digital mental health app for Swedish young adults. More specifically, the study addressed two research questions: (1) What do Swedish young adults perceive as contributing to the mental health, well-being, and ill-health of themselves and their peers? (2) What are Swedish young adults' preferences and ideas on how a digital mental health app can support their mental health during young adulthood, including their perspectives on the app's usability?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted semistructured interviews with 16 young adults and analyzed the data using reflexive thematic analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of the 16 study participants, 9 (56%) identified as women and 7 (44%) as men. Their mean age was 23.6 (SD 4.22; range 18-29) years. Furthermore, 56% (9/16) were pursuing or had obtained a higher education degree, while 44% (7/16) had completed or were in the process of completing a high school diploma. The interviews and subsequent analysis revealed three main themes: (1) \"To feel that life is worth living\"-pathways through pressures and pursuit of mental well-being during young adulthood, (2) \"A personal space for working on one's own mental well-being\"-digital companionship with others, and (3) \"Something that is designed for me\"-customizing one's digital mental health journey.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In line with the preferences of Swedish young adults, the promotion of mental health and well-being through digital technology and eHealth should focus on a customizable app that supports balance in daily life while strengthening mental health competencies. The content should center on fostering and maintaining meaningful relationships and activities, addressing challenges such as negative social media use and stress recovery, and enhancing mental health knowledge and peer support. Future efforts should focus on researching young adults' experiences of the life phase of emerging adulthood and its implications for mental health. In addition, future technical development and research on digital mental health apps should include the perspectives of stakeholders, such as mental h","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e71563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Wear Time of a Wearable Device to Enhance Postpartum Depression Screening and Detection: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Eric Hurwitz, Samantha Meltzer-Brody, Zachary Butzin-Dozier, Rena C Patel, Noémie Elhadad, Melissa A Haendel","doi":"10.2196/67585","DOIUrl":"10.2196/67585","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder affecting 1 in 7 women after childbirth that is often underscreened and underdetected. If not diagnosed and treated, PPD is associated with long-term developmental challenges in the child and maternal morbidity. Wearable technologies, such as smartwatches and fitness trackers (eg, Fitbit), offer continuous and longitudinal digital phenotyping for mood disorder diagnosis and monitoring, with device wear time being an important yet understudied aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;We aimed to suggest that wear time of a wearable device may provide additional information about perinatal mental health to facilitate screening and early detection of PPD. We proposed that wear time of a wearable device may also be valuable for managing other mental health disorders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Using the All of Us Research Program dataset, we identified females who experienced childbirth with and without PPD using computational phenotyping. We compared the percentage of days and number of hours per day females with and without PPD wore Fitbit devices during prepregnancy, pregnancy, postpartum, and PPD periods, determined by electronic health records. Comparisons between females with and without PPD were conducted using linear regression models. We also assessed the correlation between Fitbit wear time consistency (measured as the maximum number of consecutive days the Fitbit was worn) during prepregnancy and PPD periods in females with and without PPD using the Pearson correlation. All analyses were run with Bonferroni correction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Our findings showed a strong trend, although nonsignificant after multiple testing correction, that females in the PPD cohort wore their Fitbits more than those in non-PPD cohort during the postpartum (PPD cohort: mean 69.9%, 95% CI 42.7%-97%; non-PPD cohort: mean 50%, 95% CI 25.5%-74.4%; P=.02) and PPD periods (PPD cohort: mean 66.6%, 95% CI 37.9%-95.3%; non-PPD cohort: mean 46.4%, 95% CI 20.5%-72.2%; P=.02). We found no difference in the number of hours per day females in the PPD and non-PPD cohorts wore their Fitbit during any period of pregnancy. Finally, there was no relationship between the consistency of Fitbit wear time during prepregnancy and PPD periods (r=-0.05, 95% CI -0.46 to 0.38; P=.84); however, there was a trend, though nonsignificant, in Fitbit wear time consistency among females without PPD (r=0.25, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.49; P=.07).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;We hypothesize that increased Fitbit wear time among females with PPD may be attributed to hypervigilance, given the common co-occurrence of anxiety symptoms. Future studies should assess the link between PPD, hypervigilance, and wear time patterns. We envision that wear time patterns of a wearable device combined with digital biomarkers such as sleep and physical activity could enhance early PPD detection using machine learning by","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e67585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Stigma in Adults Living With Chronic Skin Disease: Development of the HautKompass Web-Based Program and Pilot Test of Its Usability, Acceptability, and Feasibility.","authors":"Juliane Traxler, Caroline F Z Stuhlmann, Neuza da Silva Burger, Christian Stierle, Vahid Djamei, Anna Darzina, Marie Rudnik, Rachel Sommer","doi":"10.2196/70290","DOIUrl":"10.2196/70290","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Self-stigma is common among people with chronic skin disease and can substantially impair quality of life and psychosocial well-being. Few interventions targeting skin disease-related self-stigma are available, especially in Germany.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This pilot study aims to develop a web-based self-guided program to reduce self-stigma among people with chronic skin disease, and test its usability, acceptability, and feasibility.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We developed the HautKompass program based on 2 systematic literature reviews and the expertise from psychodermatologists and patients. Its usability, acceptability, and feasibility were tested among adults with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, alopecia areata, and vitiligo. After completing the program, participants provided feedback on each session and on their overall experience using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire and study-specific feedback items. The program was considered feasible if the dropout rate was below 40% and participants spent 45 minutes or less per session. Data were analyzed descriptively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;HautKompass is grounded in compassion-focused therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy and consists of 8 self-guided sessions. Of the 41 persons who provided informed consent and filled in the screening questionnaire, 29 were eligible for participation. A total of 27 participants started the program and 20 completed all sessions and the posttest questionnaire. Results indicated high usability (mean 26.12, SD 6.13; on a scale ranging from 8-32) and acceptability (mean 17.41, SD 3.12; on a scale ranging from 5-20). Users rated the program as helpful, the psychoeducation and exercise instructions as comprehensible, and the extent of the program as adequate. Criticism concerned the length of some sessions, the electronic voice used in exercises, and some of the examples being too \"general\" or \"cliché.\" Regarding feasibility, the program's extent was deemed adequate, participants spent substantially less time on the individual sessions (mean 16.9, SD 4.4 minutes) than the predefined criterion and few participants dropped out after starting the program (n=7, 26%), indicating low barriers. Importantly, the majority of users dropped out within the first 2 sessions, possibly due to the slightly longer duration and focus on theory, or due to unmet expectations, highlighting areas for improvement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Overall, HautKompass was found to be a usable, acceptable program with feasible implementation. Limitations of this pilot study include not testing accessibility for people with disabilities and the small, relatively young, and mostly female sample, which limits the generalizability of the findings. The feedback obtained was used to revise the program and the recruitment strategy prior to testing its effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial. If HautKomp","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e70290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health Messaging About Dengue on Facebook in Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis.","authors":"Shirley S Ho, Mengxue Ou, Nova Mengxia Huang, Agnes Sf Chuah, Vanessa S Ho, Sonny Rosenthal, Hye Kyung Kim","doi":"10.2196/66954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue, a mosquito-borne disease, has been a health challenge in Singapore for decades. In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Singapore encountered a serious dengue outbreak and deployed various communication strategies to raise public awareness and mitigate dengue transmission.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Drawing on the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) framework, this study examines how dengue-related messages communicated on Facebook (Meta) during the COVID-19 pandemic fall into the CERC themes. This study also seeks to understand how these themes differ between dengue outbreak (eg, 2020) and nonoutbreak years (eg, 2021). In addition, we explore how message themes on dengue changed across different CERC phases within the dengue outbreak year.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a content analysis on 314 Facebook posts published by public health authorities in Singapore between January 1, 2020, and September 30, 2022. We conducted chi-square tests to examine the differences in message themes between the dengue outbreak and nonoutbreak years. We also conducted chi-square tests to examine how these message themes varied across 3 CERC phases during the dengue outbreak year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings suggest that during the dual epidemics of dengue and COVID-19, Singapore's public health communication on dengue largely adhered to CERC principles. Dengue-related messaging, particularly regarding intelligence and requests for contributions, significantly varied between outbreak and nonoutbreak years. In addition, messages on general advisories and vigilance, as well as those on social and common responsibility, significantly differed across the CERC phases during the dengue outbreak year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Singapore's public health authorities flexibly adjusted their messaging strategies on social media platforms in response to the evolving dengue situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrating the high adaptability of the government's health communication amid the dual epidemics. However, several areas for improvement should also be noted for future public health communication to mitigate dengue transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e66954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents', Teachers', and Sledders' Acceptability of a Virtual Reality Game for Sledding Safety Education: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Meggy Hayotte, Jonas Kreiner, Bernhard Hollaus","doi":"10.2196/63813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/63813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sledding is a common recreational activity in the Alpine region, practiced by families, friends, and at school, but it is rarely considered to cause serious injuries. Current actions to promote safe sledding are limited to announcements at the start of dedicated tracks or to didactic sheets presented by teachers in schools. However, these actions are currently limited and do not allow the development of piloting technique skills. Virtual reality has the potential to develop piloting skills, although the development of a virtual reality for sledding safety education needs to be guided by its acceptability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the acceptability of the virtual reality game for sledding safety education from the perspective of different potential user profiles (ie, parents, teachers, and sledders) based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 enriched by the health locus of control (HLC), and (2) understand participants' preferences and needs in terms of features to be integrated to the technology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three profiles of participants (ie, parents, teachers, or sledders) were recruited through email diffusion from elementary schools, university, and ski resort announcements (Tyrol, Austria). They completed a series of questionnaires measuring: (1) demographic and general information, (2) acceptability of virtual reality sledding game for safety education (named VRodel), (3) perception of HLC, and (4) preferences and needs for VRodel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 122 participants (15 teachers, 43 parents or legal guardians, and 64 sledders) completed the survey. Findings reveal that the constructs of hedonic motivation (β=.43, P<.001), price sensitivity (β=.28, P<.001), and habit (β=.36, P<.001) explained 65% of the variance in behavioral intention to use VRodel. Two acceptability clusters were identified (low and high), but no differences between the acceptability clusters emerged based on age, status, gender, or previous virtual reality use. Internal HLC was positively correlated with all dimensions of acceptability except social influence and facilitating conditions. Some correlations between acceptability constructs were also shown with powerful others' HLC. Participants highlighted the need to include realistic visual details and realistic interactions in the virtual environment for development.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The acceptability of a virtual reality game for sledding safety education was quite high, and relationships with HLC were shown in the expected directions. Based on participants' preferences, developers are advised to promote immersion in the game.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e63813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}