JMIR Formative Research最新文献

{"title":"Self-Stigma in Adults Living With Chronic Skin Disease: Development of the HautKompass Web-Based Program and Pilot Test of Its Usability, Acceptability, and Feasibility.","authors":"Juliane Traxler, Caroline F Z Stuhlmann, Neuza da Silva Burger, Christian Stierle, Vahid Djamei, Anna Darzina, Marie Rudnik, Rachel Sommer","doi":"10.2196/70290","DOIUrl":"10.2196/70290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-stigma is common among people with chronic skin disease and can substantially impair quality of life and psychosocial well-being. Few interventions targeting skin disease-related self-stigma are available, especially in Germany.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This pilot study aims to develop a web-based self-guided program to reduce self-stigma among people with chronic skin disease, and test its usability, acceptability, and feasibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed the HautKompass program based on 2 systematic literature reviews and the expertise from psychodermatologists and patients. Its usability, acceptability, and feasibility were tested among adults with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, alopecia areata, and vitiligo. After completing the program, participants provided feedback on each session and on their overall experience using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire and study-specific feedback items. The program was considered feasible if the dropout rate was below 40% and participants spent 45 minutes or less per session. Data were analyzed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HautKompass is grounded in compassion-focused therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy and consists of 8 self-guided sessions. Of the 41 persons who provided informed consent and filled in the screening questionnaire, 29 were eligible for participation. A total of 27 participants started the program and 20 completed all sessions and the posttest questionnaire. Results indicated high usability (mean 26.12, SD 6.13; on a scale ranging from 8-32) and acceptability (mean 17.41, SD 3.12; on a scale ranging from 5-20). Users rated the program as helpful, the psychoeducation and exercise instructions as comprehensible, and the extent of the program as adequate. Criticism concerned the length of some sessions, the electronic voice used in exercises, and some of the examples being too \"general\" or \"cliché.\" Regarding feasibility, the program's extent was deemed adequate, participants spent substantially less time on the individual sessions (mean 16.9, SD 4.4 minutes) than the predefined criterion and few participants dropped out after starting the program (n=7, 26%), indicating low barriers. Importantly, the majority of users dropped out within the first 2 sessions, possibly due to the slightly longer duration and focus on theory, or due to unmet expectations, highlighting areas for improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, HautKompass was found to be a usable, acceptable program with feasible implementation. Limitations of this pilot study include not testing accessibility for people with disabilities and the small, relatively young, and mostly female sample, which limits the generalizability of the findings. The feedback obtained was used to revise the program and the recruitment strategy prior to testing its effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial. If HautKomp","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e70290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health Messaging About Dengue on Facebook in Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis.","authors":"Shirley S Ho, Mengxue Ou, Nova Mengxia Huang, Agnes Sf Chuah, Vanessa S Ho, Sonny Rosenthal, Hye Kyung Kim","doi":"10.2196/66954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue, a mosquito-borne disease, has been a health challenge in Singapore for decades. In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Singapore encountered a serious dengue outbreak and deployed various communication strategies to raise public awareness and mitigate dengue transmission.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Drawing on the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) framework, this study examines how dengue-related messages communicated on Facebook (Meta) during the COVID-19 pandemic fall into the CERC themes. This study also seeks to understand how these themes differ between dengue outbreak (eg, 2020) and nonoutbreak years (eg, 2021). In addition, we explore how message themes on dengue changed across different CERC phases within the dengue outbreak year.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a content analysis on 314 Facebook posts published by public health authorities in Singapore between January 1, 2020, and September 30, 2022. We conducted chi-square tests to examine the differences in message themes between the dengue outbreak and nonoutbreak years. We also conducted chi-square tests to examine how these message themes varied across 3 CERC phases during the dengue outbreak year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings suggest that during the dual epidemics of dengue and COVID-19, Singapore's public health communication on dengue largely adhered to CERC principles. Dengue-related messaging, particularly regarding intelligence and requests for contributions, significantly varied between outbreak and nonoutbreak years. In addition, messages on general advisories and vigilance, as well as those on social and common responsibility, significantly differed across the CERC phases during the dengue outbreak year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Singapore's public health authorities flexibly adjusted their messaging strategies on social media platforms in response to the evolving dengue situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrating the high adaptability of the government's health communication amid the dual epidemics. However, several areas for improvement should also be noted for future public health communication to mitigate dengue transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e66954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents', Teachers', and Sledders' Acceptability of a Virtual Reality Game for Sledding Safety Education: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Meggy Hayotte, Jonas Kreiner, Bernhard Hollaus","doi":"10.2196/63813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/63813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sledding is a common recreational activity in the Alpine region, practiced by families, friends, and at school, but it is rarely considered to cause serious injuries. Current actions to promote safe sledding are limited to announcements at the start of dedicated tracks or to didactic sheets presented by teachers in schools. However, these actions are currently limited and do not allow the development of piloting technique skills. Virtual reality has the potential to develop piloting skills, although the development of a virtual reality for sledding safety education needs to be guided by its acceptability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the acceptability of the virtual reality game for sledding safety education from the perspective of different potential user profiles (ie, parents, teachers, and sledders) based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 enriched by the health locus of control (HLC), and (2) understand participants' preferences and needs in terms of features to be integrated to the technology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three profiles of participants (ie, parents, teachers, or sledders) were recruited through email diffusion from elementary schools, university, and ski resort announcements (Tyrol, Austria). They completed a series of questionnaires measuring: (1) demographic and general information, (2) acceptability of virtual reality sledding game for safety education (named VRodel), (3) perception of HLC, and (4) preferences and needs for VRodel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 122 participants (15 teachers, 43 parents or legal guardians, and 64 sledders) completed the survey. Findings reveal that the constructs of hedonic motivation (β=.43, P<.001), price sensitivity (β=.28, P<.001), and habit (β=.36, P<.001) explained 65% of the variance in behavioral intention to use VRodel. Two acceptability clusters were identified (low and high), but no differences between the acceptability clusters emerged based on age, status, gender, or previous virtual reality use. Internal HLC was positively correlated with all dimensions of acceptability except social influence and facilitating conditions. Some correlations between acceptability constructs were also shown with powerful others' HLC. Participants highlighted the need to include realistic visual details and realistic interactions in the virtual environment for development.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The acceptability of a virtual reality game for sledding safety education was quite high, and relationships with HLC were shown in the expected directions. Based on participants' preferences, developers are advised to promote immersion in the game.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e63813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Umbrella Collaboration®: An Innovative Tertiary Evidence Synthesis Methodology.","authors":"Beltran Carrillo, Marta Rubinos-Cuadrado, Jazmin Parellada-Martin, Alejandra Palacios-López, Beltran Carrillo-Rubinos, Fernando Canillas Del Rey, Juan Jose Baztán Cortés, Javier Gómez Pavón","doi":"10.2196/75215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/75215","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The synthesis of evidence in healthcare is essential for informed decision-making and policy development. This study aims to validate The Umbrella Collaboration® (TU®), an innovative, semi-automatic tertiary evidence synthesis methodology, by comparing it with Traditional Umbrella Reviews (TUR), which are currently the gold standard.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary objective of this study is to evaluate whether TU®, an AI-assisted, software-driven system for tertiary evidence synthesis, can achieve comparable effectiveness to TURs, while offering a more timely, efficient, and comprehensive approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This comparative study evaluated TU® against TURs across eight matched projects in geriatrics. For each selected TUR, a parallel TU® project was conducted using the same research question. Outcomes of interest (OoIs), effect sizes, certainty ratings, and execution times were systematically compared. Effect sizes were assessed both quantitatively, by transforming TUR metrics to Cohen's d and correlating them with TU®'s RTU metric, and qualitatively, through categorical classifications (trivial, small, moderate, large). Certainty levels were compared by mapping GRADE ratings and TU®'s sentiment analysis scores onto a common 0-1 scale. Execution time was measured precisely in TU®, while TUR durations were estimated from literature benchmarks. Statistical analyses included chi-squared tests and Spearman correlations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Eight TURs in geriatrics were matched with parallel projects using TU®. TU® replicated 84.9% (73/86) of the OoIs identified by TURs and reported an additional 337 OoIs, representing a 4.77-fold increase in outcome identification. In the comparison of effect size classifications, full concordance was observed in 50.0% of cases and consistent concordance (full plus one-level deviation) in 93.8%, with a moderate strength of association (Cramér's V = 0.339). The correlation of transformed certainty values between TU® and GRADE yielded a statistically significant Spearman coefficient (ρ = 0.446; P = .025). The average execution time per TU® project was 4 hours and 46 minutes, compared to estimated durations of 6-12 months for TURs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The Umbrella Collaboration® demonstrated high concordance with TURs, replicating 84.9% of the outcomes identified by TURs and identifying nearly five times as many additional outcomes. The experimental effect size metric (RTU) showed moderate agreement with conventional measures, and the certainty ratings derived from sentiment analysis correlated acceptably with GRADE-based assessments. While further validation is needed, TU® appears to be a valid and efficient approach for tertiary evidence synthesis, offering a scalable and time-efficient alternative when rapid results are required.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clinicaltrial: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;International registered report: &lt;/stro","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Necessity of Regulating Drinking Scenes on Social Media Platforms Focusing on YouTube Sulbang Videos: Public Opinion From Surveys and YouTube Content Analysis.","authors":"HyoRim Ju, HyeWon Lee, Juyoung Choi, EunKyo Kang","doi":"10.2196/65162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/65162","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for diseases and social burdens worldwide. Despite this, depictions of alcohol use continue to rise across various social media platforms, increasing concerns about their potential impact, particularly on adolescents. While some guidelines exist to regulate alcohol portrayals in media, they remain largely advisory and lack legal enforcement. As alcohol-related content becomes more widespread on social media, the need for stronger regulatory measures is growing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to analyze the content of sulbang (broadcasts featuring alcohol consumption) on YouTube and to assess public opinions regarding the regulation of alcohol-related broadcasts on social media platforms such as YouTube.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate public attitudes toward appropriate regulations on alcohol depictions in web-based media, a survey was conducted with 1500 adults (aged 20-74 years) residing in South Korea. Participants were recruited through stratified multistage sampling, with a 21.8% (n=1500) response rate from 6880 invitations. The survey included Likert-scale and rank-ordered questions, with reliability assessed using Cronbach α. Additionally, a content analysis of 318 YouTube (sulbang) videos was conducted based on the Korean government's media alcohol scene guidelines. Two trained coders independently analyzed the videos, achieving high intercoder reliability (Cohen κ=0.92).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This study found that exposure to sulbang content was significantly higher among individuals with higher education levels (n=33, 26.2% graduate degree holders), lower income groups (P&lt;.001), and women. Younger individuals and heavy drinkers were also more likely to engage with such content, with heavy drinkers showing a significantly higher likelihood (P&lt;.001). Regarding public opinion, 83.1% (n=1247) of respondents supported some form of regulation on sulbang content. However, heavy drinkers were less inclined to agree (coefficient: -0.3652; P&lt;.001). Age was positively associated with stronger support for regulation (coefficient: 0.21984; P&lt;.001), while women were significantly more likely than men to advocate for stricter restrictions (coefficient: 0.37827; P&lt;.001). Exposure frequency also had the strongest correlation with support for regulation (coefficient: 1.0278; P&lt;.001). The analysis of 318 YouTube videos revealed an average Like ratio of 97.9% (range: 32.7-100.0), indicating predominantly positive viewer responses, with a median Video Power Index of 939.6 (range: 10.4-84,821.7). Content analysis based on the Media Drinking Scene Guidelines showed that 89.0% (n=283) of the videos glorified drinking, often portraying alcohol as a stress reliever or a source of recovery. Additionally, 92.8% (n=295) of the videos depicted binge drinking or drunkenness, and 27.7% (n=88) of the videos featured celebrities or notable figures consumi","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e65162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Designed Online Training Program for Worry Management: The Role of Young People With Lived Experience of Worry in Program Development.","authors":"Jessica Steward, Michelle L Moulds, Colette R Hirsch","doi":"10.2196/66461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66461","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Many young people report high levels of worry, highlighting the need for interventions that teach strategies to help them shift focus away from worry. To maximize uptake by this population, interventions should be brief and accessible; to maximize dissemination, they should have potential for delivery at scale. We produced a multisession, online training program, Shift Focus, co-designed with young people with lived experience of worry. The online training program was accessed via a mobile app. In this paper, we describe how Lived Experience Advisory Panel (LEAP) members were involved in each stage of the process of developing the Shift Focus online training program, from refining session content through to designing and testing the online training program prototype.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;We aimed to engage with young people with lived experience of worry, to help refine, further develop, and tailor a new online training program designed to help shift focus away from worry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We recruited LEAP members (aged 16-25 y) with lived experience of worry from diverse backgrounds across the United Kingdom. We used a highly iterative participatory design process, such that LEAP members provided input during all 4 phases of program development: refining and further developing session content, piloting sessions, developing user experience design, and testing the online training program prototype.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Feedback from LEAP members during each phase of the online platform development informed key decisions regarding the platform content, functionality, and the interface design to ensure it suited our target population. In phase 1, we learned that the platform needed to be simple and aesthetically pleasing, personalized to individual needs and preferences, accessible to all, track progress, and provide individuals with a sense of community with others with similar lived experiences. In phase 2, we learned that the platform also needed to provide further guidance on how to apply the Shift Focus techniques to daily life, using personalized reminder settings. In phase 3, we additionally learned that ease of navigation and interactivity were key to maintaining user engagement. The importance of program tracking was reiterated, as well as the need for accessibility settings to support all learning styles. In phase 4, we identified that technical problems with the online platform were a barrier to engagement. The inclusion of future iterations (eg, reward systems) to help promote engagement was suggested by LEAP members in multiple phases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;LEAP members brought unique expertise and made key contributions to the development of the Shift Focus online training program and were highly valued members of the team. A highly iterative participatory design process enabled continuous feedback from LEAP members throughout, ensuring that their inp","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e66461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Internet-Based and Mobile Family Management Intervention for Mothers of Very Preterm Infants Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (the Preemie Progress Program): Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Ashley Weber, Tamilyn Bakas, Qutaibah Oudat, Nehal A Parikh, Joshua Lambert, Heather L Tubbs-Cooley, Jared Rice, Kristin Voos, Matthew Rota, Heather C Kaplan","doi":"10.2196/66073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/66073","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Flexible approaches to parenting training interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), including family integrated care (FICare) models, are urgently needed across the globe. Many FICare trials inadvertently exclude parents with low resources who cannot commit to daily infant care (eg, 4-8 hours/day). Preemie Progress (PP) is a fully automated, video-based training program that allows parents to choose when and where they learn, without requiring parent bedside presence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to examine the feasibility of recruitment, retention, fidelity, and changes in outcomes during a pilot randomized controlled trial of PP, a video-based intervention aimed at training mothers of very preterm infants in evidence-based family management skills in the NICU.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Mothers of infants born between 25 weeks and 0 days to 31 weeks and 6 days of gestation were enrolled in an NICU in the Midwestern United States. Electronic surveys were sent to collect maternal outcomes (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS] 8a depression and anxiety scales) at baseline (T1), 14 days (T2) and 28 days (T3) after T1, and 30 days after NICU discharge (T4). Infant electronic health records were extracted to collect infant (ie, weight gain velocity at 36 weeks and receipt of mother's milk) and health care outcomes (ie, NICU length of stay as well as readmissions and emergency department visits within 30 days of discharge).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of 123 eligible mothers, 64 (52%) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 arms (PP: n=33, 52%; attention control [AC]: n=31, 48%). Loss to follow-up was 30% (10/33) in the PP arm and 13% (4/31) in the AC arm. PP mothers watched a mean 17.8 (SD 18.9) of 49 videos. PP retention was linked to higher fidelity. PP mothers showed trends toward greater reductions in anxiety 30 days after discharge (mean -7.54, SD 1.93; 95% CI -11.32 to -3.76) compared to AC mothers (mean -4.67, SD 1.59; 95% CI -7.80 to -1.55). PP infants trended toward greater receipt of exclusively mother's milk 28 days after baseline (PP: 14/26, 54%; AC: 10/28, 36%) and decreased NICU stay (PP: 57.2 days; AC: 68.3 days) but higher readmissions (PP: 4/33, 12%; AC: 2/31, 6%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;We were able to recruit a diverse sample of mothers from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds, including mothers experiencing barriers to bedside presence. Recruitment goals were met. PP showed promising trends in improving maternal, infant, and health care outcomes. Additional studies are needed to optimize PP and study procedures to improve retention and fidelity. PP has the potential to support parent training outside of traditional FICare models or serve as a complement to structure the parent education pillar of adapted FICare models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trial registration: &lt;/strong&gt;ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04638127; https://www.clinicaltrials","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e66073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of ChatGPT and Internet Research for Clinical Research and Decision-Making in Occupational Medicine: Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Felix A Weuthen, Nelly Otte, Hanif Krabbe, Thomas Kraus, Julia Krabbe","doi":"10.2196/63857","DOIUrl":"10.2196/63857","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Artificial intelligence is becoming a part of daily life and the medical field. Generative artificial intelligence models, such as GPT-4 and ChatGPT, are experiencing a surge in popularity due to their enhanced performance and reliability. However, the application of these models in specialized domains, such as occupational medicine, remains largely unexplored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to assess the potential suitability of a generative large language model, such as ChatGPT, as a support tool for medical research and even clinical decisions in occupational medicine in Germany.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this randomized controlled study, the usability of ChatGPT for medical research and clinical decision-making was investigated using a web application developed for this purpose. Eligibility criteria were being a physician or medical student. Participants (N=56) were asked to work on 3 cases of occupational lung diseases and answer case-related questions. They were allocated via coin weighted for proportions of physicians in each group into 2 groups. One group researched the cases using an integrated chat application similar to ChatGPT based on the latest GPT-4-Turbo model, while the other used their usual research methods, such as Google, Amboss, or DocCheck. The primary outcome was case performance based on correct answers, while secondary outcomes included changes in specific question accuracy and self-assessed occupational medicine expertise before and after case processing. Group assignment was not traditionally blinded, as the chat window indicated membership; participants only knew the study examined web-based research, not group specifics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Participants of the ChatGPT group (n=27) showed better performance in specific research, for example, for potentially hazardous substances or activities (eg, case 1: ChatGPT group 2.5 hazardous substances that cause pleural changes versus 1.8 in a group with own research; P=.01; Cohen r=-0.38), and led to an increase in self-assessment with regard to specialist knowledge (from 3.9 to 3.4 in the ChatGPT group vs from 3.5 to 3.4 in the own research group; German school grades between 1=very good and 6=unsatisfactory; P=.047). However, clinical decisions, for example, whether an occupational disease report should be filed, were more often made correctly as a result of the participant's own research (n=29; eg, case 1: Should an occupational disease report be filed? Yes for 7 participants in the ChatGPT group vs 14 in their own research group; P=.007; odds ratio 6.00, 95% CI 1.54-23.36).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;ChatGPT can be a useful tool for targeted medical research, even for rather specific questions in occupational medicine regarding occupational diseases. However, clinical decisions should currently only be supported and not made by the large language model. Future systems should be critically ass","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e63857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Using a Digital Peer-Supported App on Glycated Hemoglobin Changes Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Prospective Single-Arm Pilot Study.","authors":"Shota Yoshihara, Kayoko Takahashi, Hiroyuki Kawaguchi, Nozomi Harai, Kyoichiro Tsuchiya","doi":"10.2196/72659","DOIUrl":"10.2196/72659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Controlling glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels can be challenging for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Peer support promotes HbA1c control, and a digital peer-supported app designed for group interactions may enable patients with T2DM to encourage one another to achieve better HbA1c outcomes. However, no studies have investigated the use of digital peer-supported apps to control HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This pilot study aimed to explore the effects of a digital peer-supported app on HbA1c control in patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective single-arm pilot study enrolled patients with T2DM who owned smartphones and visited medical institutions in Japan. During the 3-month intervention, participants used a digital peer-supported app in addition to receiving standard care. This app allowed participants to share activity logs and concerns via a chat function to improve HbA1c levels through mutual engagement and encouragement. The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c levels, measured at health care facilities at baseline and after 3 months. The secondary outcomes were body weight and blood pressure, with the most recent data obtained from hospitals and clinics. Physical activity (≥1 hour/day) was assessed at the same time points using a self-reported questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 21 participants with a median age of 56 (IQR 51-61) years, of which 13 (61.9%) were female. After using the digital peer-supported app for 3 months, the participants' HbA1c levels significantly decreased from 7.1% (SD 0.6%) at baseline to 6.9% (SD 0.1%) (P=.04). Similarly, participants' body weight decreased from 70.7 (SD 12.7) kg to 69.9 (SD 12.4) kg (P =.004) through app use. Although blood pressure decreased slightly from 128.2 (SD 12.5) mm Hg to 126.0 (SD 12.9) mm Hg, this change was not statistically significant (P=.20). Additionally, the proportion of participants engaged in ≥1 hour of daily physical activity significantly increased from 23.5% (n=4) to 58.5% (n=10) (P=.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In addition to receiving standard clinical care, the use of a digital peer-supported app may significantly lower HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM by promoting healthy behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e72659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Accuracy and Reliability of Real-World Digital Mobility Outcomes in Older Adults After Hip Fracture: Cross-Sectional Observational Study.","authors":"Martin A Berge, Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu, Cameron Kirk, Arne Küderle, Encarna Micó-Amigo, Clemens Becker, Andrea Cereatti, Silvia Del Din, Monika Engdal, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Karoline B Grønvik, Clint Hansen, Jeffrey M Hausdorff, Jorunn L Helbostad, Carl-Philipp Jansen, Lars Gunnar Johnsen, Jochen Klenk, Sarah Koch, Walter Maetzler, Dimitrios Megaritis, Arne Müller, Lynn Rochester, Lars Schwickert, Kristin Taraldsen, Beatrix Vereijken","doi":"10.2196/67792","DOIUrl":"10.2196/67792","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Algorithms estimating real-world digital mobility outcomes (DMOs) are increasingly validated in healthy adults and various disease cohorts. However, their accuracy and reliability in older adults after hip fracture, who often walk slowly for short durations, is underexplored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study examined DMO accuracy and reliability in a hip fracture cohort considering walking bout (WB) duration, physical function, days since surgery, and walking aid use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In total, 19 community-dwelling participants were real-world monitored for 2.5 hours using a lower back wearable device and a reference system combining inertial modules, distance sensors, and pressure insoles. A total of 6 DMO estimates from 164 WBs from 58% (11/19) of the participants (aged 71-90 years; assessed 32-390 days after surgery; Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] scores of 3-12; gait speed range 0.39-1.34 m/s) were assessed against the reference system at the WB and participant level. We stratified by WB duration (all WBs, WBs of &gt;10 seconds, WBs of 10-30 seconds, and WBs of &gt;30 seconds) and lower versus higher SPPB scores and observed whether days since surgery and walking aid use affected DMO accuracy and reliability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Across WBs, walking speed and distance ranged from 0.25 to 1.29 m/s and from 1.7 to 436.5 m, respectively. Estimation of walking speed, cadence, stride duration, number of steps, and distance stratified by WB duration showed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging from 0.50 to 0.99 and mean relative errors (MREs) from -6.9% to 12.8%. Stride length estimation showed poor reliability, with ICCs ranging from 0.30 to 0.49 and MREs from 6.1% to 13.2%. Walking speed and distance ICCs in the higher-SPPB score group ranged from 0.85 to 0.99, and MREs ranged from -10.1% to -1.7%. In the lower-SPPB score group, walking speed and distance ICCs ranged from 0.17 to 0.99, and MREs ranged from 13.5% to 32.6%. There was no discernible effect of time since surgery or walking aid use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In total, 5 accurate and reliable real-world DMOs were identified in older adults after hip fracture: walking speed, cadence, stride duration, number of steps, and distance. Accuracy and reliability of most DMOs improved when excluding WBs of &lt;10 seconds and were higher for WBs of &gt;30 seconds than for WBs of 10 to 30 seconds and for participants with higher physical function. DMOs capture daily gait as early as 1 month after surgery also in people using walking aids. However, as most WBs in this cohort were short, there was a trade-off between improving accuracy and reliability by excluding short WBs and losing a substantial amount of data. These results have important implications for establishing the clinical validity of DMOs and evaluating the effects of interventions on daily-life gait, thereby facilitating the design of optimal ","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e67792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}