JMIR Formative Research最新文献

{"title":"Digital Health Literacy and Attitudes Toward eHealth Technologies Among Patients With Cardiovascular Disease and Their Implications for Secondary Prevention: Survey Study.","authors":"Greta Ullrich, Alexander Bäuerle, Hannah Vogt, Amir Abbas Mahabadi, Katrin Paldán, Daniel Messiha, Lisa Maria Jahre, Christos Rammos, Tienush Rassaf, Julia Lortz","doi":"10.2196/63057","DOIUrl":"10.2196/63057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death worldwide, leading to a significant socioeconomic burden. Although secondary prevention is a cornerstone in chronic disease management, adherence to guideline recommendations in this regard often falters, leading to suboptimal outcomes. While eHealth technologies are promising for improving treatment adherence, they also represent a new approach to secondary prevention. However, a common critique is that extensive digitalization may not adequately address the needs of older adults with chronic medical conditions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to analyze eHealth literacy, digital use patterns, and general attitudes toward digital technologies in a collective of patients with cardiovascular disease to identify potential obstacles in implementing mobile health technologies in secondary preventive therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This survey-based study was a part of the baseline examination of the PreventiPlaque trial. It involved 240 participants with known coronary artery disease. The assessment evaluated their current understanding of the general use of digital devices. The questionnaire covered aspects such as the duration of daily use, personal attitudes, and the perceived burden associated with digital media. eHealth literacy was assessed within the target population and general demographic data were gathered, focusing on cardiovascular comorbidities and risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed an average age of 61.9 (SD 8.9) years, with 59.9% (n=144) of the participants being male. Overall, 37.3% (n=90) of the participants had previous knowledge of digital health interventions, while only 17.8% (n=41) had used them. Despite the generally low practical application within this study population, there was a high level of confidence in handling digital devices, with 61.9% (n=149) expressing themselves as either rather confident or very confident. Regarding the levels of eHealth literacy among the participants, 71.2% (n=170) claimed to be familiar with locating health information on the internet, and 64% (n=153) of participants felt capable of critically evaluating its quality. These levels of digital confidence were consistent across all age groups. Moreover, internet use rates remained high even among the older participants, with 80% (n=192) of those participants older than 75 years using the internet for 1-3 hours a day.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study unveiled a notable confidence level among participants regarding the use of digital devices, coupled with a favorable attitude toward digital media evident across all age brackets. Remarkably, internet use rates remained high, even among older participants. The actual utilization of digital health interventions was relatively low, potentially stemming from challenges in locating reliable sources. These findings emphasize the prospect of future eHe","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e63057"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Use of an Augmented Reality Device Learning Tool for Multidisciplinary Staff Training on Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence: Postintervention Qualitative Evaluation.","authors":"Dilroshini Karunaratne, Jessica Whittock, Amber Moore, Krishna Dasigan, Jasmine Chevolleau, Brent Bartholomew, Nikki Kelly, Charlotte E Cohen","doi":"10.2196/60075","DOIUrl":"10.2196/60075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Legislative policies published by National Health Service, England and the UK Government focus on prioritizing the creation of a stronger system. These frameworks emphasize on the improvement of health care staff's ability to identify and refer domestic abuse (DA) survivors as key areas for supporting workforce development. Health care staff are often the first professional contact of survivors of DA, and insufficient staff training is a key barrier to survivors being identified and directed to support. The Microsoft HoloLens2 is a mixed-reality headset that allows virtual objects (holograms) to be integrated into the real world. Mixed-reality headsets are being increasingly used within medical education and have the advantage of independent operation, reducing the staffing requirements for teaching. The HoloLens2 can be used to project HoloPatients (HPs), which resemble clinically unwell patients, into the classroom. Two of these HPs have been specifically designed to portray survivors of DA and sexual violence (SV).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explored potential uses of the HP in DA and SV training as a potential survivor-centered educational initiative that could be used as an adjunct to existing training for health care professionals and community sector workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Frontline staff and community stakeholders from the national health service, DA, and law enforcement sectors were invited on 3 separate occasions (n=14, 12, 22) to a HoloLens2 demonstration that displayed 9 HPs. The patient voice was to be outlined by personalized scripts, co-created alongside sector charities, ensuring survivor engagement and participation. Participants were given the opportunity to wear the headset and familiarize themselves with the technology during the sessions. A post-intervention evaluation research model was used to explore the feasibility and functionality of the HP as an educational tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thematic analysis described the HP as a \"realistic,\" \"adjustable\" tool that \"creates a safe learning environment.\" Participants suggested it could be useful in \"pre-exposure preparation\" by \"improving communication\" and allowing different approaches to be trialed in a safe environment. The use of survivor scripts was described as a useful tool to \"bring the survivor into the learning space\" in a safe way. Participants identified the HP as a suitable tool for workers inside and outside health care, including social sectors such as law enforcement (32%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The HP acts as a low-risk, adaptable tool for trainees to develop skills in a safe environment. This study demonstrates that professionals perceived the HoloLens as an innovative means to amplify the lived experience voice. Further research will evaluate this additional impact on trainees' confidence and responses to survivors disclosing DA and SV within different disciplines to","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e60075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Public Health Communication on X (Formerly Twitter): Cross-Sectional Study of Message Type, Sentiment, and Source.","authors":"Sana Parveen, Agustin Garcia Pereira, Nathaly Garzon-Orjuela, Patricia McHugh, Aswathi Surendran, Heike Vornhagen, Akke Vellinga","doi":"10.2196/59687","DOIUrl":"10.2196/59687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social media can be used to quickly disseminate focused public health messages, increasing message reach and interaction with the public. Social media can also be an indicator of people's emotions and concerns. Social media data text mining can be used for disease forecasting and understanding public awareness of health-related concerns. Limited studies explore the impact of type, sentiment and source of tweets on engagement. Thus, it is crucial to research how the general public reacts to various kinds of messages from different sources.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this paper was to determine the association between message type, user (source) and sentiment of tweets and public engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this study, 867,485 tweets were extracted from January 1, 2020 to March 31, 2022 from Ireland and the United Kingdom. A 4-step analytical process was undertaken, encompassing sentiment analysis, bio-classification (user), message classification and statistical analysis. A combination of manual content analysis with abductive coding and machine learning models were used to categorize sentiment, user category and message type for every tweet. A zero-inflated negative binomial model was applied to explore the most engaging content mix.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis resulted in 12 user categories, 6 message categories, and 3 sentiment classes. Personal stories and positive messages have the most engagement, even though not for every user group; known persons and influencers have the most engagement with humorous tweets. Health professionals receive more engagement with advocacy, personal stories/statements and humor-based tweets. Health institutes observe higher engagement with advocacy, personal stories/statements, and tweets with a positive sentiment. Personal stories/statements are not the most often tweeted category (22%) but have the highest engagement (27%). Messages centered on shock/disgust/fear-based (32%) have a 21% engagement. The frequency of informative/educational communications is high (33%) and their engagement is 16%. Advocacy message (8%) receive 9% engagement. Humor and opportunistic messages have engagements of 4% and 0.5% and low frequenciesof 5% and 1%, respectively. This study suggests the optimum mix of message type and sentiment that each user category should use to get more engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides comprehensive insight into Twitter (rebranded as X in 2023) users' responses toward various message type and sources. Our study shows that audience engages with personal stories and positive messages the most. Our findings provide valuable guidance for social media-based public health campaigns in developing messages for maximum engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e59687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Digital Intervention for Reducing Hazardous Alcohol Use in South Korea: Development and Prospective Pilot Study.","authors":"Manjae Kwon, Daa Un Moon, Minjae Kang, Young-Chul Jung","doi":"10.2196/64459","DOIUrl":"10.2196/64459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol consumption is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, associated with numerous acute and chronic medical conditions. Digital health interventions offer a promising solution to overcome barriers associated with traditional treatment methods, providing accessible, scalable, and cost-effective means to support individuals in reducing hazardous drinking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This pilot study aims to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the Sober smartphone app in individuals with hazardous alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-group, pre- and postpilot study included 20 participants with risky alcohol use, identified using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. Participants used the Sober app for 4 weeks, incorporating cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions. Feasibility was assessed by study and session completion rates, acceptability by participant satisfaction and perceived usefulness, and preliminary efficacy by changes in alcohol consumption and psychiatric symptoms. Semistructured interviews with participants and clinicians provided qualitative perspectives on the app's usability, efficacy, and areas for improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 20 enrolled participants, 17 completed the study. The app demonstrated high feasibility with an 85% (17/20) study completion rate, and 59% (10/17) completed all cognitive behavioral therapy sessions. Participants reported positive acceptability, with average satisfaction and usefulness ratings of 3.8 and 3.7 of 5, respectively. Preliminary efficacy outcomes showed significant improvements: abstinence days increased from 67% to 85% (z=-3.17; P=.002), heavy drinking episodes decreased from 3.3 to 1.9 (t16=-2.97; P=.003), and total alcohol consumption reduced from 456.8 to 195.9 mL (t16=3.16; P=.002). Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test scores dropped from 17.5 to 10.7 (t16=4.51; P<.001). Additionally, depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) scores decreased from 5.8 to 4.4 (t16=2.91; P=.01), and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) scores from 3.4 to 2.1 (z=-2.80; P=.005). No adverse events were reported. Qualitative analysis found participants valued daily logging but noted usability issues, while clinicians called for tailored goals, enhanced communication features, and age-specific content.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mobile app Sober shows promise as an effective tool for reducing hazardous alcohol consumption and improving related psychiatric symptoms. The study demonstrated high feasibility and positive acceptability, with significant preliminary efficacy in reducing alcohol use. Qualitative findings provided actionable evidence for refining the app's usability and clinical integration. Further research through a randomized controlled trial is warranted to confirm these findings and optimize the app's features and content.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e64459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a Digital Intervention to Increase Human Milk Feeding Among Black Mothers: Qualitative Study of Acceptability and Preferences.","authors":"Loral Patchen, Jeannette Tsuei, Donna Sherard, Patricia Moriarty, Zoe Mungai-Barris, Tony Ma, Elina Bajracharya, Katie Chang, William Douglas Evans","doi":"10.2196/67284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/67284","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Breastfeeding rates among US mothers, particularly Black or African American mothers, fall short of recommended guidelines. Despite the benefits of human milk, only 24.9% of all infants receive human milk exclusively at 6 months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Our team previously explored the key content areas a mobile health intervention should address and the usability of an initial prototype of the Knowledge and Usage of Lactation using Education and Advice from Support Network (KULEA-NET), an evidence-based mobile breastfeeding app guided by preferences of Black or African American parents. This study aimed to identify the preferences and acceptability of additional features, content, and delivery methods for an expanded KULEA-NET app. Key social branding elements were defined to guide app development as a trusted adviser. The study also aimed to validate previous findings regarding approaches to supporting breastfeeding goals and cultural tailoring.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a qualitative study using in-depth interviews and focus groups with potential KULEA-NET users. A health branding approach provided a theoretical framework. We recruited 24 participants across 12 interviews and 2 focus groups, each with 6 participants. The Data methods aligned with qualitative research principles and concluded once saturation was reached. Given the focus on cultural tailoring, team members who shared social identities with study participants completed data collection and coding. Two additional team members, 1 with expertise in social branding and 1 certified in lactation, participated in the thematic analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;All participants identified as Black or African American mothers, and most interview participants (7/12, 58%) engaged in exclusive breastfeeding. In total, 4 themes were recognized. First, participants identified desired content, specifying peer support, facilitated access to experts, geolocation to identify resources, and tracking functions. Second, delivery of content differentiated platforms and messaging modality. Third, functionality and features were identified as key factors, highlighting content diversity, ease of use, credibility, and interactivity. Finally, appealing aspects of messaging to shape a social brand highlighted support and affirmation, inclusivity and body positivity, maternal inspiration, maternal identity, social norms, and barriers to alignment with aspirational maternal behaviors as essential qualities. Crosscutting elements of themes included a desire to communicate with other mothers in web-based forums and internet-based or in-person support groups to help balance the ideal medical recommendations for infant feeding with the contextual realities and motivations of mothers. Participants assigned high value to personalization and emphasized a need to achieve both social and factual credibility.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This for","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e67284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient and Provider Perspectives of a Web-Based Intervention to Support Symptom Management After Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Qualitative Study.","authors":"Alaina L Carr, Angela M Jenkins, Jacqueline Jonklaas, Kate Gabriel, Kristen E Miller, Kristi D Graves","doi":"10.2196/60588","DOIUrl":"10.2196/60588","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who receive radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment experience acute, medium, and late treatment effects. The timing and severity of these effects vary by individual; common posttreatment effects include dry mouth, salivary gland swelling, dry eyes, and nose bleeds. The nature of symptoms that patients experience after RAI treatment can significantly and negatively impact health-related quality of life. Adequate information during the postprimary treatment phase remains an unmet need among the population of patients diagnosed with DTC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This qualitative study aimed to identify and understand self-management strategies for RAI-specific symptom burden from the perspectives of patients and stakeholders (cancer care providers and patient advocates). An additional aim included assessing features and functionalities desirable in the development of a web-based intervention to engage patients in their self-management and thyroid cancer survivorship care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Following the Social Cognitive Theory framework and person-based principles, we conducted six focus groups with 22 patients diagnosed with DTC who completed RAI treatment and individual interviews with 12 stakeholders in DTC care. The interviews focused on participants' perspectives on current self-management strategies and mockups of a symptom management web-based intervention. Before focus groups and interviews, participants completed a demographics survey. Focus group discussions and interviews were transcribed and coded using content analysis. Interrater reliability was satisfactory (ɑ=.88).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 34 individuals (patients and stakeholders) participated in the study; the mean age was 45 (SD 13.4) and 45.3 (SD 13) years, respectively. Three domains emerged from qualitative interviews: (1) difficult-to-manage RAI symptoms: short, medium, and late treatment effects; (2) key intervention structure and content feedback on mockups; and (3) intervention content to promote RAI symptom management and survivorship care. Focus group participants identified the most prevalent RAI symptoms that were difficult to manage as: dry mouth (11/22, 50%), salivary gland swelling (8/22, 36%), and changes in taste (12/22, 55%). Feedback elicited from both groups found education and symptom management mockup videos to be helpful in patient self-management of RAI symptoms, whereas patients and stakeholders provided mixed feedback on the benefits of a draft frequently asked questions page. Across focus groups and stakeholder interviews, nutrition-based symptom management strategies, communication with family members, and practical survivorship follow-up information emerged as helpful content to include in a future web-based supportive care intervention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Results suggest education and symptom management video","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e60588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic Data-Driven Approaches for Chinese Medical Abstract Sentence Classification: Computational Study.","authors":"Jiajia Li, Zikai Wang, Longxuan Yu, Hui Liu, Haitao Song","doi":"10.2196/54803","DOIUrl":"10.2196/54803","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Medical abstract sentence classification is crucial for enhancing medical database searches, literature reviews, and generating new abstracts. However, Chinese medical abstract classification research is hindered by a lack of suitable datasets. Given the vastness of Chinese medical literature and the unique value of traditional Chinese medicine, precise classification of these abstracts is vital for advancing global medical research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to address the data scarcity issue by generating a large volume of labeled Chinese abstract sentences without manual annotation, thereby creating new training datasets. Additionally, we seek to develop more accurate text classification algorithms to improve the precision of Chinese medical abstract classification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We developed 3 training datasets (dataset #1, dataset #2, and dataset #3) and a test dataset to evaluate our model. Dataset #1 contains 15,000 abstract sentences translated from the PubMed dataset into Chinese. Datasets #2 and #3, each with 15,000 sentences, were generated using GPT-3.5 from 40,000 Chinese medical abstracts in the CSL database. Dataset #2 used titles and keywords for pseudolabeling, while dataset #3 aligned abstracts with category labels. The test dataset includes 87,000 sentences from 20,000 abstracts. We used SBERT embeddings for deeper semantic analysis and evaluated our model using clustering (SBERT-DocSCAN) and supervised methods (SBERT-MEC). Extensive ablation studies and feature analyses were conducted to validate the model's effectiveness and robustness.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Our experiments involved training both clustering and supervised models on the 3 datasets, followed by comprehensive evaluation using the test dataset. The outcomes demonstrated that our models outperformed the baseline metrics. Specifically, when trained on dataset #1, the SBERT-DocSCAN model registered an impressive accuracy and F1-score of 89.85% on the test dataset. Concurrently, the SBERT-MEC algorithm exhibited comparable performance with an accuracy of 89.38% and an identical F1-score. Training on dataset #2 yielded similarly positive results for the SBERT-DocSCAN model, achieving an accuracy and F1-score of 89.83%, while the SBERT-MEC algorithm recorded an accuracy of 86.73% and an F1-score of 86.51%. Notably, training with dataset #3 allowed the SBERT-DocSCAN model to attain the best with an accuracy and F1-score of 91.30%, whereas the SBERT-MEC algorithm also showed robust performance, obtaining an accuracy of 90.39% and an F1-score of 90.35%. Ablation analysis highlighted the critical role of integrated features and methodologies in improving classification efficiency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Our approach addresses the challenge of limited datasets for Chinese medical abstract classification by generating novel datasets. The deployment of SBERT-DocSCAN and SBERT-MEC ","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e54803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Trauma Support App for Young People: Co-design and Usability Study.","authors":"Maria Thell, Kerstin Edvardsson, Reem Aljeshy, Kalid Ibrahim, Georgina Warner","doi":"10.2196/57789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/57789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the most common reasons young people with mental health issues, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, do not seek help is stigma, which digital support tools could help address. However, there is a lack of trauma support apps specifically designed for young people. Involving the target group in such projects has been shown to produce more engaging and effective results.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to apply a child rights-based participatory approach to develop a trauma support app with young people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven young people (aged 14-19 years; 3 males and 4 females) with experiences of trauma were recruited as coresearchers. A child rights-based framework guided the working process. The app was developed through a series of Design Studio workshops and home assignments, using the manualized intervention Teaching Recovery Techniques as the foundation for its content. The coresearchers were trained in research methodology and conducted usability testing with other young people (n=11) using the think-aloud method, the System Usability Scale (SUS), and qualitative follow-up questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A functional app prototype was developed using a no-code platform, incorporating various trauma symptom management techniques. These techniques covered psychoeducation, normalization, relaxation, and cognitive shifting, presented in multiple formats, including text, audio, and video. The contributions of the coresearchers to the design can be categorized into 3 areas: mechanics (rules and interactions shaping the app's structure), dynamics (user-visible elements, such as the outcome when pressing a button), and aesthetics (the emotional responses the app aimed to evoke in users during interaction). Beyond influencing basic aesthetics, the coresearchers placed significant emphasis on user experience and the emotional responses the app could evoke. SUS scores ranged from 67.5 to 97.5, with the vast majority exceeding 77.5, indicating good usability. However, usability testing revealed several issues, generally of lower severity. For instance, video content required improvements, such as reducing light flickering in some recordings and adding rewind and subtitle selection options. Notably, the feature for listening to others' stories was removed to minimize emotional burden, shifting the focus to text formats with more context.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Young people who have experienced trauma can actively participate in the cocreation of a mental health intervention, offering valuable insights into the needs and preferences of their peers. Applying a child rights-based framework to their involvement in a research project supported the fulfillment of the Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 12.</p>","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e57789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of Average Daily Steps Measured Through a Consumer Smartwatch in Parkinson Disease Phenotypes, Stages, and Severities: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Edoardo Bianchini, Domiziana Rinaldi, Lanfranco De Carolis, Silvia Galli, Marika Alborghetti, Clint Hansen, Antonio Suppa, Marco Salvetti, Francesco Ernesto Pontieri, Nicolas Vuillerme","doi":"10.2196/63153","DOIUrl":"10.2196/63153","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Average daily steps (avDS) could be a valuable indicator of real-world ambulation in people with Parkinson disease (PD), and previous studies have reported the validity and reliability of this measure. Nonetheless, no study has considered disease phenotype, stage, and severity when assessing the reliability of consumer wrist-worn devices to estimate daily step count in unsupervised, free-living conditions in PD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to assess and compare the reliability of a consumer wrist-worn smartwatch (Garmin Vivosmart 4) in counting avDS in people with PD in unsupervised, free-living conditions among disease phenotypes, stages, and severity groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 104 people with PD were monitored through Garmin Vivosmart 4 for 5 consecutive days. Total daily steps were recorded and avDS were calculated. Participants were dichotomized into tremor dominant (TD; n=39) or postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD; n=65), presence (n=57) or absence (n=47) of tremor, and mild (n=65) or moderate (n=39) disease severity. Based on the modified Hoehn and Yahr scale (mHY), participants were further dichotomized into earlier (mHY 1-2; n=68) or intermediate (mHY 2.5-3; n=36) disease stages. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC; 3,k), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) were used to evaluate the reliability of avDS for each subgroup. The threshold for acceptability was set at an ICC ≥0.8 with a lower bound of 95% CI ≥0.75. The 2-tailed Student t tests for independent groups and analysis of 83.4% CI overlap were used to compare ICC between each group pair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Reliability of avDS measured through Garmin Vivosmart 4 for 5 consecutive days in unsupervised, free-living conditions was acceptable in the overall population with an ICC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.85-0.92), SEM below 10%, and an MDC of 1580 steps per day (27% of criterion). In all investigated subgroups, the reliability of avDS was also acceptable (ICC range 0.84-0.94). However, ICCs were significantly lower in participants with tremor (P=.03), with mild severity (P=.04), and earlier stage (P=.003). Moreover, SEM was below 10% in participants with PIGD phenotype, without tremor, moderate disease severity, and intermediate disease stage, with an MDC ranging from 1148 to 1687 steps per day (18%-25% of criterion). Conversely, in participants with TD phenotype, tremor, mild disease severity, and earlier disease stage, SEM was &gt;10% of the criterion and MDC values ranged from 1401 to 2263 steps per day (30%-33% of the criterion).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In mild-to-moderate PD, avDS measured through a consumer smartwatch in unsupervised, free-living conditions for 5 consecutive days are reliable irrespective of disease phenotype, stage, and severity. However, in individuals with TD phenotype, tremor, mild disease severity, and earlier disease st","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e63153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interactive Care Coordination and Navigation mHealth Intervention for People Experiencing Homelessness: Cost Analysis, Exploratory Financial Cost-Benefit Analysis, and Budget Impact Analysis.","authors":"Hannah P McCullough, Leticia R Moczygemba, Anton L V Avanceña, James O Baffoe","doi":"10.2196/64973","DOIUrl":"10.2196/64973","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The Interactive Care Coordination and Navigation (iCAN) mobile health intervention aims to improve care coordination and reduce hospital and emergency department visits among people experiencing homelessness.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to conduct a three-part economic evaluation of iCAN, including a (1) cost analysis, (2) exploratory financial cost-benefit analysis, and (3) budget impact analysis (BIA).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We collected cost and expenditure data from a randomized controlled trial of iCAN to conduct a cost analysis and exploratory financial cost-benefit analysis. Costs were classified as startup and recurring costs for participants and the program. Startup costs included participant supplies for each participant and SMS implementation costs. Recurring costs included the cost of recurring services, SMS text messaging platform maintenance, health information access fees, and personnel salaries. Using the per participant per year (PPPY) costs of iCAN, the minimum savings reduction in the average health care costs among people experiencing homelessness that would lead to a benefit-cost ratio &gt;1 for iCAN was calculated. This savings threshold was calculated by dividing the PPPY cost of iCAN by the average health care costs among people experiencing homelessness multiplied by 100%. The benefit-cost ratio of iCAN was calculated under different savings thresholds from 0% (no savings) to 50%. Costs were calculated PPPY under different scenarios, and the results were used as inputs in a BIA. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted to incorporate uncertainty around cost estimates. Costs are in 2022 US $.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The total cost of iCAN was US $2865 PPPY, which was made up of US $265 in startup (9%) and US $2600 (91%) in recurring costs PPPY. The minimum savings threshold that would cause iCAN to have a positive return on investment is 7.8%. This means that if average health care costs (US $36,917) among people experiencing homelessness were reduced by more than 7.8% through iCAN, the financial benefits would outweigh the costs of the intervention. When health care costs are reduced by 25% ($9229/$36,917; equal to 56% [$9229/$16,609] of the average cost of an inpatient visit), the benefit-cost ratio is 3.22, which means that iCAN produces US $2.22 in health care savings per US $1 spent. The BIA estimated that implementing iCAN for 10,250 people experiencing homelessness over 5 years would have a financial cost of US $28.7 million, which could be reduced to US $2.2 million if at least 8% ($2880/$36,917) of average health care costs among people experiencing homelessness are reduced through the intervention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;If average costs of emergency department and hospital visits among people experiencing homelessness were reduced by more than 7.8% ($2880/$36,917) through iCAN, the financial benefits would outweigh the co","PeriodicalId":14841,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Formative Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"e64973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}