Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes最新文献_第3页

HIV-1 infection in multi-transfused thalassemic Indian children. 多次输血地中海贫血印度儿童的HIV-1感染。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-11-01

R M Kumar, S Uduman, A Khurranna

引用次数: 0

Treatment of experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection by clarithromycin-based combination therapy with minocycline or pyrimethamine. 克拉霉素联合米诺环素或乙胺嘧啶治疗实验性刚地弓形虫感染。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-11-01

J Alder, T Hutch, J A Meulbroek, J C Clement

{"title":"Treatment of experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection by clarithromycin-based combination therapy with minocycline or pyrimethamine.","authors":"J Alder, T Hutch, J A Meulbroek, J C Clement","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of clarithromycin combined with either pyrimethamine or minocycline for treatment of experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection was investigated. Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 2 x 10(3) to 2 x 10(4) T. gondii strain RH or TS4 tachyzoites. Mortality was recorded for 35 days postinfection. Latency was evaluated by inoculation of brain homogenates from surviving mice into naive untreated mice. The combination of clarithromycin and pyrimethamine therapy caused a significantly greater reduction in mortality than did either drug alone. Similar synergy was observed between clarithromycin and minocycline. A 100% cure rate of active and latent infection was achieved in mice treated with the clarithromycin based combinations. Clarithromycin in combination with either pyrimethamine or minocycline produced efficacy comparable to combined therapy of pyrimethamine with sulfamethoxazole. The in vitro potency of clarithromycin, pyrimethamine, or minocycline against T. gondii on a mouse macrophage monolayer was not predictive of the in vivo efficacy in mice. Clarithromycin combined with minocycline or pyrimethamine could allow greater flexability for treatment of patients predisposed to the toxicity associated with standard pyrimethamine-sulfonamide or pyrimethamine-nonsulfonamide therapy. This therapy could be especially useful since clarithromycin-based therapy provides safe and effective treatment against Mycobacterium avium complex infections associated with AIDS patients.","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 11","pages":"1141-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18928367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wild-type and mutant HIV-1 and HIV-2 Tat proteins expressed in Escherichia coli as fusions with glutathione S-transferase. 野生型和突变型HIV-1和HIV-2 Tat蛋白与谷胱甘肽s转移酶融合在大肠杆菌中表达。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-11-01

H Rhim, C O Echetebu, C H Herrmann, A P Rice

引用次数: 0

Role of the primary infection in epidemics of HIV infection in gay cohorts. 原发性感染在同性恋人群HIV感染流行中的作用

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-11-01

J A Jacquez, J S Koopman, C P Simon, I M Longini

{"title":"Role of the primary infection in epidemics of HIV infection in gay cohorts.","authors":"J A Jacquez, J S Koopman, C P Simon, I M Longini","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A review of the data on infectivity per contact for transmission of the HIV suggests that the infectivity may be on the order of 0.1-0.3 per anal intercourse in the period of the initial infection, 10(-4) to 10(-3) in the long asymptomatic period, and 10(-3) to 10(-2) in the period leading into AIDS. The pattern of high contagiousness during the primary infection followed by a large drop in infectiousness may explain the pattern of epidemic spread seen in male homosexual cohorts in the early years of the epidemic. Simulations of cohorts of homosexual males, using that range of parameter values, indicate the following: (a) The initial fast rise and then more or less rapid flattening of the incidence curve of seropositives is primarily due to rapid initial spread, yielding a group of infecteds all of whom pass into the low infectivity asymptomatic period at close to the same time. All this occurs only if the basic reproduction number for the primary infection is > 1. (b) The behavioral changes that have been reported all started after the incidence of new infections began to fall, too late to have a major effect on the initial rise. The behavioral changes had a major effect in slowing down the subsequent rise in the number of seropositives. (c) High activity groups play an important role in the early rapid rise of the epidemic. However, it is not likely that the rapid decrease in rate of growth of seropositives is solely due to saturation of these very high activity groups. Although the evidence for this interpretation of the role of the primary infection is not conclusive, its implications for prevention and for vaccine trials are so markedly different from those of other interpretations that we consider it to be an important hypothesis for further testing.","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 11","pages":"1169-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18928256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modulation of host cell growth during FIV infection in vitro. 体外FIV感染对宿主细胞生长的调节。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-11-01

G Piedimonte, A Corradi, E Cabassi, A Moraillon, M Eloit, A L Parodi

引用次数: 0

A review of human immunodeficiency virus infection in India. 印度人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的综述。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-11-01

M K Jain, T J John, G T Keusch

{"title":"A review of human immunodeficiency virus infection in India.","authors":"M K Jain, T J John, G T Keusch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"By the turn of the century 20-50 million adults are projected to be HIV positive in Asia, and India will have the largest burden of newly infected patients in a single country. To determine the present status of the epidemic, a systematic review of available data in India has been carried out. Regional differences in reported HIV seroprevalence were found, with high levels in western, northeastern, and southern India and lower levels in northern, central, and eastern India. While differences in the temporal introduction of HIV may be partly responsible, the more likely explanation is incomplete data and reporting. In the past 4 years HIV has rapidly increased among commercial sex workers and patients coming to sexually transmitted diseases clinics in western (Bombay) and southern (Madras and Vellore) India. Assessing HIV seroprevalence in the general population is difficult because of limited data, especially from rural areas, where 60% of Indians reside. Heterosexual contact with commercial sex workers is the major reported risk factor, except in eastern India, where intravenous drug use is common. The impact of transfusions or contaminated needles is uncertain, but between 25 and 75% of blood donations are not screened for HIV, and 15% of infected patients had received transfusions. By October 1993, 494 cases of AIDS had been reported, but this number grossly underestimates the real situation since HIV is often unrecognized. Tuberculosis is the major HIV-associated infection. In its efforts to control HIV, India needs to institute a standardized surveillance system to provide data needed to design and implement appropriate interventions.","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 11","pages":"1185-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18928257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of acute exercise on lymphocyte subsets, natural killer cells, proliferative responses, and cytokines in HIV-seropositive persons. 急性运动对hiv血清阳性患者淋巴细胞亚群、自然杀伤细胞、增殖反应和细胞因子的影响。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-11-01

H Ullum, J Palmø, J Halkjaer-Kristensen, M Diamant, M Klokker, A Kruuse, A LaPerriere, B K Pedersen

{"title":"The effect of acute exercise on lymphocyte subsets, natural killer cells, proliferative responses, and cytokines in HIV-seropositive persons.","authors":"H Ullum, J Palmø, J Halkjaer-Kristensen, M Diamant, M Klokker, A Kruuse, A LaPerriere, B K Pedersen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Eight healthy men infected with human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV) and eight HIV seronegative age- and sex-matched controls exercised on a bicycle ergometer (75% of VO2max, 1 h). The percentages of CD4+, CD4+45RA+, and CD4+45RO+ cells did not change, whereas the absolute number of CD4+ cells increased twofold during exercise and fell below prevalues 2 h after. The neutrophil count increase was more pronounced after exercise in the controls compared with in HIV-seropositive subjects. The percent CD16+ cells, and the natural killer (NK) and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell activity increased during exercise, but this increase was significantly less pronounced in the HIV-seropositive group. The results suggest that in response to physical stress, HIV-seropositive subjects have an impaired ability to mobilize neutrophils, NK and LAK cells to the blood. Furthermore, because the total number of CD4+ cells, but not the percentage of CD4+ cells, changed in response to exercise, this study further strengthens the idea that the percentage of CD4+ cells is preferable to the number of CD4+ cells in monitoring patients seropositive for HIV.","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 11","pages":"1122-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18928363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decreased plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol in HIV-infected individuals are associated with immune activation. 艾滋病毒感染者血浆中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度的降低与免疫激活有关。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-11-01

R Zangerle, M Sarcletti, H Gallati, G Reibnegger, H Wachter, D Fuchs

{"title":"Decreased plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol in HIV-infected individuals are associated with immune activation.","authors":"R Zangerle, M Sarcletti, H Gallati, G Reibnegger, H Wachter, D Fuchs","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated 63 individuals with HIV infection, 34 of whom were asymptomatic (nine had oral candidiasis, four had constitutional signs and symptoms, and 16 had AIDS), for plasma lipids, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 75 (sTNF-R75) and other immune activation markers, namely urinary neopterin, beta 2-microglobulin, and the CD4+ T cell count. The median CD4+ T cell count was 318 x 10(6)/L. All individuals were allowed to have light breakfast in the morning; the venipuncture for the plasma lipids was done between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.. Decreased plasma concentrations were found for total cholesterol, and HDL and LDL cholesterol in 3.2%, 46%, and 56% of the subjects, respectively. Plasma triglyceride levels were increased in 31.7% of the study population. The frequency and the extent of the decrease of HDL and LDL cholesterol and the increase in triglyceride levels were greater in those with a CD4+ T cell count below the median (p = 0.003, p = 0.05, and p = 0.01); when comparing individuals with CD4+ T cell counts above and below 500 x 10(6)/L (19 individuals), a difference was only found for HDL cholesterol (p = 0.01). Plasma levels of triglycerides correlated significantly however weakly with serum concentrations of sTNF-R75 (rs = 0.32, p = 0.01) but not at all with urinary neopterin or serum beta 2-microglobulin. HDL cholesterol correlated inversely with sTNF-R75 (rs = -0.53, p < 0.0001) and to a lesser extent with urinary neopterin (rs = -0.46, p = 0.0003) and beta 2-microglobulin (rs = -0.34, p = 0.008).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 11","pages":"1149-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18928368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Natural history of HIV infection in Filipino female commercial sex workers. 菲律宾女性商业性工作者HIV感染的自然历史。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-11-01

C R Manaloto, J G Perrault, L T Caringal, E G Santiago, F S Wignall, V L Gonzales, R L Anthony, C G Hayes

引用次数: 0

The seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus in the United States household population: NHANES III, 1988-1991. 美国家庭人口中人类免疫缺陷病毒的血清流行病学:NHANES III, 1988-1991。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-11-01

G M McQuillan, M Khare, T M Ezzati-Rice, J M Karon, C A Schable, R S Murphy

{"title":"The seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus in the United States household population: NHANES III, 1988-1991.","authors":"G M McQuillan, M Khare, T M Ezzati-Rice, J M Karon, C A Schable, R S Murphy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"To provide an estimate of the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a representative sample of the U.S. household population, serum samples from participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were tested for HIV antibody. The testing was performed anonymously on 5,430 individuals 18-59 years old from phase 1 of NHANES III conducted from 1988 to 1991. Twenty-nine individuals were HIV positive. The total weighted prevalence was 0.39%. The population estimate of infected individuals was 547,000, with a 95% confidence interval of 299,000-1,020,000 infected persons. Black participants were four times more likely to be HIV positive than white/other individuals and three times more likely than Mexican Americans. Men were three times more likely to be infected than women. Higher nonresponse to the survey and to phlebotomy was observed in young white men; therefore these data provide a conservative estimate of HIV infection in the general household population. This estimate does not include individuals who do not live in households and who may be at higher risk of infection, such as persons in penal institutions, the homeless, or certain hospitalized patients.","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 11","pages":"1195-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18928258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0