Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system最新文献

{"title":"Every joule is precious: the case for revisiting operating system design for energy efficiency","authors":"Amin Vahdat, A. Lebeck, C. Ellis","doi":"10.1145/566726.566735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/566726.566735","url":null,"abstract":"By some estimates, there will be close to one billion wireless devices capable of Internet connectivity within five years, surpassing the installed base of traditional wired compute devices. These devices will take the form of cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDA's), embedded processors, and \"Internet appliances\". This proliferation of networked computing devices will enable a number of compelling applications, centering around ubiquitous access to global information services, just in time delivery of personalized content, and tight synchronization among compute devices/appliances in our everyday environment. However, one of the principal challenges of realizing this vision in the post-PC environment is the need to reduce the energy consumed in using these next-generation mobile and wireless devices, thereby extending the lifetime of the batteries that power them. While the processing power, memory, and network bandwidth of post-PC devices are increasing exponentially, their battery capacity is improving at a more modest pace. Thus, to ensure the utility of post-PC applications, it is important to develop low-level mechanisms and higher-level policies to maximize energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose the systematic re-examination of all aspects of operating system design and implementation from the point of view of energy efficiency rather than the more traditional OS metric of maximizing performance. In [7], we made the case for energy as a first-class OS-managed resource. We emphasized the benefits of higher-level control over energy usage policy and the application/OS interactions required to achieve them. This paper explores the implications that this major shift in focus can have upon the services, policies, mechanisms, and internal structure of the OS itself based on our initial experiences with rethinking system design for energy efficiency. Our ultimate goal is to design an operating system where major components cooperate to explicitly optimize for energy efficiency. A number of research efforts have recently investigated aspects of energy-efficient operating systems (a good overview is available at [16, 20]) and we intend to leverage existing \"best practice\" in our own work where such results exist. However, we are not aware of any systems that systematically revisit system structure with energy in mind. Further, our examination of operating system functionality reveals a number of opportunities that have received little attention in the literature. To illustrate this point, Table 1 presents major operating system functionality, along with possible techniques for improving power consumption characteristics. Several of the techniques are well studied, such as disk spindown policies or adaptively trading content fidelity for power [8]. For example, to reduce power consumption for MPEG playback, the system could adapt to a smaller frame rate and window size, consuming less bandwidth and computation. One of the primary o","PeriodicalId":147728,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121020427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CryptoCache: a secure sharable file cache for roaming users","authors":"C. Jensen","doi":"10.1145/566726.566744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/566726.566744","url":null,"abstract":"Small mobile computers are now sufficiently powerful to run many applications, but storage capacity remains limited so working files cannot be cached or stored locally. Even if files can be stored locally, the mobile device is not powerful enough to act as server in collaborations with other users. Conventional distributed file systems cache everything locally or not at all; there is no possibility to cache files on nearby nodes.In this paper we present the design of a secure cache system called CryptoCache that allows roaming users to cache files on untrusted file hosting servers. The system allows flexible sharing of cached files among unauthenticated users, i.e. unlike most distributed file systems CryptoCache does not require a global authentication framework.Files are encrypted when they are transferred over the network and while stored on untrusted servers. The system uses public key cryptography, which allows roaming users to selectively grant read and write access to others by entrusting them with respectively the public key or the private key.","PeriodicalId":147728,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115699512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System support for smart cars: requirements and research directions","authors":"R. Cunningham, V. Cahill","doi":"10.1145/566726.566760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/566726.566760","url":null,"abstract":"With the introduction of Wireless Local Area Networking technology in recent years, many exciting applications are now closer to becoming a reality. One such application is the smart car or automated vehicle - a car capable of transporting its passenger(s) to their intended destination without human intervention. For this application, automated vehicles need to be able to co-ordinate with each other in a reliable and timely fashion.A logical approach to this problem would be to use existing real-time group communication techniques. However, existing techniques have been designed with a more static network in mind. In particular, group membership is more dynamic in the automated vehicle application. In this paper we outline new requirements for group communication suitable for such mobile applications. Such group communication must take into account the proximity of members of the group to each other.The Anois project, at Trinity College Dublin, is currently developing such a group communication system addressing these new requirements that arise due to mobility.","PeriodicalId":147728,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132372452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porting multithreading libraries to an exokernel system","authors":"E. Artiaga, Albert Serra, Marisa Gil","doi":"10.1145/566726.566754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/566726.566754","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present an extension to allow multithreaded applications to run on an Intel-based exokernel system. For this purpose, we have ported a user-level threads package to such environment. Our goal is to evaluate the suitability of running multithreaded parallel applications on top of a multiprocessor system managed by an exokernel. We present the design of a prototype library, the lessons learned during its implementation and our proposals for this kind of systems.","PeriodicalId":147728,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122322366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The benefits of event: driven energy accounting in power-sensitive systems","authors":"Frank Bellosa","doi":"10.1145/566726.566736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/566726.566736","url":null,"abstract":"A prerequisite of energy-aware scheduling is precise knowledge of any activity inside the computer system. Embedded hardware monitors (e.g., processor performance counters) have proved to offer valuable information in the field of performance analysis. The same approach can be applied to investigate the energy usage patterns of individual threads. We use information about active hardware units (e.g., integer/floating-point unit, cache/memory interface) gathered by event counters to establish a thread-specific energy accounting. The evaluation shows that the correlation of events and energy values provides the necessary information for energy-aware scheduling policies.Our approach to OS-directed power management adds the energy usage pattern to the runtime context of a thread. Depending on the field of application we present two scenarios that benefit from applying energy usage patterns: Workstations with passive cooling on the one hand and battery-powered mobile systems on the other hand.Energy-aware scheduling evaluates the energy usage of each thread and throttles the system activity so that the scheduling goal is achieved. In workstations we throttle the system if the average energy use exceeds a predefined power-dissipation capacity. This makes a compact, noiseless and affordable system design possible that meets sporadic yet high demands in computing power. Nowadays, more and more mobile systems offer the features of reducible clock speed and dynamic voltage scaling. Energy-aware scheduling can employ these features to yield a longer battery life by slowing down low-priority threads while preserving a certain quality of service.","PeriodicalId":147728,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130208275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decomposition of preemptive scheduling in the Go! component-based operating system","authors":"Greg Law, J. Mccann","doi":"10.1145/566726.566767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/566726.566767","url":null,"abstract":"Embedded systems are required to exhibit ever increasing functionality while continuing to use minimal resources. The next generation of embedded operating systems must support protection with very low overheads, as well as being (dynamically) configurable. Go! is a prototype component-based system that runs natively on the Intel 386 based PC. Its novel protection mechanism means that components are (optionally) protected from one another, but exhibit very low overheads. Furthermore, components can perform system tasks previously considered bound to the kernel (such as interrupt handling and preemptive scheduling).Go! does not provide multithreading, but is constructed so that components comprising a 'library operating system' may provide (preemptive) multithreading with relative ease. This paper describes that support, and goes on to present the scheduling provided by GTE (a 'proof-of-concept' library operating system built on top of Go ). We show that decomposing multithreading into thread components, an interrupt-dispatcher and a scheduler is practical, useful, stable, and performs well.","PeriodicalId":147728,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126256572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Session details: Session 1: Nomadic computing and reconciliation","authors":"E. Jul","doi":"10.1145/3247715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3247715","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147728,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126651539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Session details: Session 3: Energy-aware OS's","authors":"J. Liedtke","doi":"10.1145/3247717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3247717","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147728,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system","volume":"407 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126685221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}