{"title":"Demonstration of a 16-sensor time-division-multiplexed Sagnac-interferometer-based acoustic sensor array with an amplified telemetry and a polarization-based biasing scheme","authors":"B. Vakoc, M. Digonnet, G. Kino","doi":"10.1109/OFS.2002.1000569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OFS.2002.1000569","url":null,"abstract":"We have previously proposed the use of a Sagnac-interferometer in underwater acoustic sensor array applications. In these proposals, we described a configuration that passively desensitises the delay coil required by the Sagnac interferometer and passively eliminates polarization-induced signal fading (PISF). Additionally, an all-passive polarization-based biasing scheme that yields arbitrarily biased outputs was given. Here, we describe an experimental demonstration of a time-division-multiplexed (TDM) Sagnac-based array including all features described previously and supporting 16 individual sensors with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) telemetry.","PeriodicalId":147710,"journal":{"name":"2002 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference Technical Digest. OFS 2002(Cat. No.02EX533)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127255731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changing paradigms in oil and gas reservoir monitoring - the introduction and commercialization of in-well optical sensing systems","authors":"D. Gysling, F. X. Bostick","doi":"10.1109/OFS.2002.1000498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OFS.2002.1000498","url":null,"abstract":"Downhole measurements play a critical role in the production of oil and gas reservoirs. Parameters such as pressure, temperature and fluid flow provide valuable insights into the depletion dynamics of a reservoir that, if optimized, can be highly beneficial to the productivity and economics of the well. Unfortunately, oil and gas reservoirs represent some of the harshest, least accessible, environments on earth. This paper addresses the development and commercialization of fiber optic sensing systems to monitor the conditions of these reservoirs on a real time basis as the oil and gas is produced.","PeriodicalId":147710,"journal":{"name":"2002 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference Technical Digest. OFS 2002(Cat. No.02EX533)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130617246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanotechnology Glass Project - nanostructuring of glass materials by a femtosecond pulse laser","authors":"K. Hirao, K. Miura, J. Qiu","doi":"10.1109/OFS.2002.1000555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OFS.2002.1000555","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear interaction between glasses and ultrashort laser pulses called the multiphoton effect was studied. The change of glass structures caused by this effect leads to internal modification, on a nano-scale, inside glasses, such as densification, valence reduction of rare-earth ions, single crystal precipitation and so on. In summary, the nonlinear effect of glasses for photonic materials is introduced from the view point of device application.","PeriodicalId":147710,"journal":{"name":"2002 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference Technical Digest. OFS 2002(Cat. No.02EX533)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132019807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Abad, F. Araujo, L. Ferreira, J.L. Santos, M. López-Amo
{"title":"Bragg-grating interrogation scheme using spectral filtering and amplitude-to-phase optical conversion","authors":"S. Abad, F. Araujo, L. Ferreira, J.L. Santos, M. López-Amo","doi":"10.1109/OFS.2002.1000512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OFS.2002.1000512","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have proved themselves as the most appropriate sensors for applications in smart structures, civil engineering or harsh environments. Among fiber optic sensors, FBGs emerge as the most successful due to the fact that sensing information is encoded in an absolute parameter, namely the resonant wavelength. Nevertheless, the need to convert this absolute parameter into an optical intensity modulation, more suited to be handled using low cost instrumentation, also imposes additional constrains to their practical implementation. In this paper a double conversion interrogation technique is proposed, which provides a robust low-cost system for FBG sensor demodulation. This FBG interrogation technique uses all-fiber low-cost devices. A long period grating has been employed as spectral filter for wavelength-to-amplitude conversion, providing a high measuring range (>2 nm). By dividing the signal before filtering, adding a delay line and recombining after filtering, power referencing is achieved in the optical domain thus employing only one detector. Insensitivity to power variations as high as 75% of the total optical power has been proven.","PeriodicalId":147710,"journal":{"name":"2002 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference Technical Digest. OFS 2002(Cat. No.02EX533)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121287943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Madruga, D. González, V. Álvarez, J. Echevarria, O. Conde, J. López-Higuera
{"title":"Field test of noncontact high temperature fiber optic transducer in a steel production plant","authors":"F. Madruga, D. González, V. Álvarez, J. Echevarria, O. Conde, J. López-Higuera","doi":"10.1109/OFS.2002.1000697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OFS.2002.1000697","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key steel processing parts is the casting. Steel is typically cast into continuous slabs or bars whose temperature is in the range 800-1200/spl deg/C. The control of the temperature during the casting process determines the solidifying process from the liquid steel. In order to measure the higher temperature of the casting process the use of the capabilities of short wavelength (around 1 /spl mu/m) is feasible and hence, silica based fiber optics can be used. The latter represents a simplification of the transducer head and the channel with regard to others composed by hollow fiber, sapphire fiber or quartz fiber. In this paper, we focus on the temperature data acquisition with the optical fiber system during the casting process and on the performance of the system related to the most expensive and nonfixed solutions such as thermographic camera.","PeriodicalId":147710,"journal":{"name":"2002 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference Technical Digest. OFS 2002(Cat. No.02EX533)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126312972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrophobic alumina thin films formed by the electrostatic self-assembly monolayer process for the fabrication of optical fiber gas sensors","authors":"F. Arregui, I. Matías, K. Cooper, R. Claus","doi":"10.1109/OFS.2002.1000687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OFS.2002.1000687","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum oxide thin films were formed by the electrostatic self-assembled monolayer (ESAM) method on optical fibers for the fabrication of gas sensors. Negligible sensitivity with humidity was achieved after thermal curing a variation of 1.5 dB at 1550 nm was achieved with the presence of ethanol. The coatings are also sensitive to other organic compound, this apparent lack of selectivity can be overcome with wavelength ratiometric techniques because the spectral response to these gases is different for each gas and this open the possibility of the simultaneous detection of several compounds. This is the first time that the ESAM method have been applied for the deposition of alumina films on optical fibers.","PeriodicalId":147710,"journal":{"name":"2002 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference Technical Digest. OFS 2002(Cat. No.02EX533)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126599839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Frank, K. Haroud, E. Rochat, K. Bohnert, H. Brandle
{"title":"High resolution fiber laser sensor for hydrostatic pressure","authors":"A. Frank, K. Haroud, E. Rochat, K. Bohnert, H. Brandle","doi":"10.1109/OFS.2002.1000580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OFS.2002.1000580","url":null,"abstract":"Polarimetric fiber laser sensors are attractive due to their frequency encoded output, which does not require any referencing, and their potential for high resolution. Both Fabry-Perot and distributed feedback fiber (DFB) laser sensors have been investigated for the measurement of strain, uniaxial pressure and magnetic fields (H.K. Kim et al, 1993; G.A. Ball et al, 1993; H.K. Kim et al, 1995; J.T. Kringlebton et al, 1996; S.-Y. Huang et al, 1990). In this paper, a Fabry-Perot type fiber laser sensor for fluid pressure is reported. The pressure acts directly on an elliptical core sensing fiber (S.-Y. Huang et al, 1990; W.J. Bock and W. Urbanczyk, 1996) doped with erbium. As a result, no mechanical transducer is required, which makes possible a sensor with very small diameter. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are used as reflectors for the laser. Configurations with the gratings written into circular core fibers, as well as into the doped elliptical core fibers, are analyzed. It is shown that the dispersion of the highly birefringent gratings can be employed to significantly improve the sensor resolution into the range of a few 10/sup -6/ of the full scale signal. Possible applications of the sensor include pressure monitoring in oil wells and other hostile environments.","PeriodicalId":147710,"journal":{"name":"2002 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference Technical Digest. OFS 2002(Cat. No.02EX533)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115859602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Thursby, F. Dong, Yang Yong, B. Sorazu, D. Betz, B. Culshaw
{"title":"Fibre optic polarimetric detection of Lamb waves","authors":"G. Thursby, F. Dong, Yang Yong, B. Sorazu, D. Betz, B. Culshaw","doi":"10.1109/OFS.2002.1000568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OFS.2002.1000568","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe the detection of Lamb waves by monitoring the changes in the polarimetric state of the light emerging from an optical fibre which has been either bonded to, or incorporated into, a sample plate. Results have been obtained using both isotropic materials, such as polymer sheets, or anisotropic materials such as carbon fibre composites. These results demonstrate that polarimetric analysis has the potential to provide an alternative method of detecting Lamb waves and also provides a possible method for investigating the nature of the interaction between the acoustic wave and the light propagating through the fibre.","PeriodicalId":147710,"journal":{"name":"2002 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference Technical Digest. OFS 2002(Cat. No.02EX533)","volume":"36 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120986790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved performance interferometer designs for optical coherence tomography","authors":"R. Beddows, S. James, R. Tatam","doi":"10.1109/OFS.2002.1000756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OFS.2002.1000756","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we show that by using alternative optical components in fibre optic OCT, power conserving interferometers can be constructed that have such properties that a Fizeau interferometer configuration can achieve a higher SNR than that of a conventional Michelson arrangement and a comparable SNR to a Michelson optimised for power conservation.","PeriodicalId":147710,"journal":{"name":"2002 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference Technical Digest. OFS 2002(Cat. No.02EX533)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121592293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cavity ring-down in a fibre amplifier loop and combination with wavelength modulation spectroscopy [gas detection]","authors":"K. Atherton, G. Stewart, B. Culshaw","doi":"10.1109/OFS.2002.1000811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OFS.2002.1000811","url":null,"abstract":"Assessed the suitability of a fibre cavity ring-down system for gas detection. Whilst relatively long ring-down times have been achieved, the sensitivity and stability of the system are not currently sufficient for monitoring the low gas concentrations of interest. We are therefore currently examining combining cavity ring-down with wavelength modulation spectroscopy and results are forthcoming.","PeriodicalId":147710,"journal":{"name":"2002 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference Technical Digest. OFS 2002(Cat. No.02EX533)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122658926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}