Iraqi Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Antifungal Activity of Trichoderma orientale FMR 12486 Crude Extract against Some Human Pathogenic Fungi","authors":"Sura Rasan Assi, Alaa Mohsin Al-Aaraji","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"     This work aimed to investigate the prevalence of pathogenic fungi and evaluate the antifungal activity of Trichoderma orientale FMR12486 crude extract against pathogenic fungi isolated from patients attending the National Center for Thoracic and Respiratory Diseases (having a history of tuberculosis) and consultant of Dermatology of Baghdad hospital, Iraq. A total of 80 clinical specimens were collected: 20 skin scrapings specimens and 60 sputum specimens. The results of direct examination by KOH 10% and culture showed that 11 (55%) cases from 20 skin specimens were positive for fungal infections, while in the sputum specimens, 28 (47%) cases from 60 were positive. Candida albicans represented the most common fungal infection isolated from sputum specimens which represented 18 cases at a rate of 64.2%, followed by Candida tropicalis 5 (17.9%), Aspergillus fumigates 2 (7.1%), Aspergillus flavus 1 (3.6%), Candida glabrata 1 (3.6%) and Candida krusei 1 (3.6%). While in the skin scrapes, Candida parapsilosis was the common which represented 3 cases at a rate of 27.3%, followed by Trichophyton mentagrophyte 2 (18.2%), Microsporium canis 2 (18.2%), C. albicans 2 (18.2%), Trichophyton rubrum 1 (9.1%), C. tropicalis 1 (9.1%). T. orientale isolates were collected from the gardens soil of the University of Baghdad and were then identified depending on the morphological feature of the colony and microscopic characteristics. To confirm identification, PCR technique was used in which DNA of T. orientale was extracted at a concentration of 54 - 294 μg/2 g wet mycelium with a purity of 1.6 - 1.8. DNA samples were amplified with primers ITS-1and ITS-4, And the results confirmed that the isolate was T. orientale strain FMR12486. This isolate was processed with ethyl acetate using a standard extraction method and the final amount of crude extract being 6 grams. Different concentrations of crude extract 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/ml were prepared and used against fungal pathogens isolated using the agar-well diffusion method. The results showed high antifungal activity against pathogenic isolates, significantly recording maximum inhibition zones of 20 and 22 mm against C. parapsilosis at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg/ml, respectively. It was followed by T. mentagrophyte and C. glabrata. 16, 20, and 16, 20 mm that were recorded at concentrations of 2 and 4mg/ml, a significant maximum inhibition zone was recorded 26 mm against C. glabrata, followed by C. parapsilosis, M. canis and T. mentagrophyte (24, 26; 16, 24 and 20, 24mm respectively). Just Trichophyton rubrum fungus in this study showed resistance to all concentrations of the crude extract where the inhibition zone was zero. The results of the current study showed that T. orientale strain FMR12486 crude extract can be used to make an effective drug to treat human fungal infections.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Frequencies of 450 Mhz and 750 Mhz using GPR in Investigating Archaeological Features in (Borsippa) Site, Babylon, Iraq","authors":"Hamza A. Kareem, Najah A. Abd","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.20","url":null,"abstract":"     Mala GX (Ground Explorer) conducted the survey using two different antennas: 450 MHz and 750 MHz. Data for the 450 MHz antenna were collected in a grid, while data for the 750 MHz antenna were collected in parallel profiles at the same location above the 450 MHz profiles. After processing the data using GPR slice software, possible reflections of archaeological walls buried at different depths and with different extensions of 13 m, 7 m, 6 m, 5m, 3 and 2 m were identified. The reflections were clear and high in the 450 MHz antenna with a depth penetration of 3 meters and unclear and weak in the 750 MHz antenna with a depth penetration of 1 meter. When comparing the two antennas, it is possible to notice a match in the reflections of the walls, and some reflections are not identical in the 750 MHz antenna due to the high noise.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"4 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Interpretation of Dedicated Reservoir Interval: A 2D Seismic Structural Approach","authors":"Rami M. Idan, Omar N. A. Al-Khazraji","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.19","url":null,"abstract":"     In the present study, three different depth conversion methods have been used with varying equations at Mishrif Formation to determine the best method to produce better, more realistic and accurate interpretation results and to reduce the risk of future petroleum production wells drilling. Three horizons were picked (Tanuma, Mishrif and Rumaila) and converted into a two-way time grid surface. In addition, the velocity parameters (instantaneous velocity and rate of velocity change with depth) were computed and converted to the form grid surface from the well data, showing lateral velocity variation. Among the three models carried out, the Model 1 is considered the most accurate depth conversion method in this region according to the results of the geostatistical analysis. This method gave fewer errors and mistakes between actual and predicted depth with the best intra-extrapolation technique at all directions away from the well area with a standard deviation value of 13.2, and the standard deviation values of 13.6 and 13.9 for models 2 and 3, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"49 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic Properties of the Gaseous Stellar Dynamics Using the Tully-Fisher Relation in the Different Types of Spiral Galaxies","authors":"Rabab M. Jasim, Al Najm M.N.","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.45","url":null,"abstract":"     The goal of this paper is to show the kinematic characteristics of gaseous stellar dynamics using scaling coefficient relationships (such as Tully-Fisher) in different spiral galaxies. We selected a sample of types of spiral morphology  (116 early, 150 intermediate, and 146 late) from previous literature work, and used statistical software (statistic-win-program) to find out the associations of multiple factors under investigation, such as the main kinematic properties of the gaseous-stellar (mass, luminosity, rotational speed, and baryons) in different types of spiral galaxies. We concluded that there is a robust positive connection between Log Vrot.max.) and Log Mstar(B-V), as well as between Log Vrot.max. and Log Mbar (B-V)  in  three types of spiral galaxies (early, intermediate, and late), with a sharply negative relationship found between  and Log MB in addition to the relationship between Log Mbar (B-V)  and Log MB, with the partial correlation coefficient (R ≈ - 0.85) in all the different types of spiral galaxies. Our results indicated that for early and intermediate kinds of spiral galaxies, the baryonic disk mass and the maximum rotational speed fit best with the formula Mbar (B-V) ≈ 60V4rot.max., but this relationship seems to be stronger in late-type spiral galaxies with Mbar (B-V) ~ 60 V5rot.max .  Whenever the observable stars and atomic hydrogen gas were taken into account, several scientific facts show that additional extremely massive baryon stores are virtually probably present in late spiral galaxies.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV2 Viral Ct Values Correlation with Some Patients’ Factors and Disease Outcome","authors":"Hussein Abdulsalam Hussein, A. Goreal","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Viral load of COVID-19 can be concluded from the cycle threshold (Ct) values measured by RT-PCR test performed on suspected samples. SARS-CoV2 viral load has not been standardized yet to reflect the outcome of COVID-19 infection. This cross-sectional study was performed to detect the frequency of SARS-CoV2 among suspected patients and the correlation of viral RNA load represented by cycle threshold (Ct) values with patients’ clinical presentation (disease severity), comorbidities and demographic data.\u0000A total of 520 participants suspected to have SARS-CoV2 infection were enrolled. After filling a questionnaire, a nasopharyngeal swab was collected from each patient and subjected to RT-PCR with the use of specific primers. Ct values of positive cases were obtained.\u0000Results revealed that 277 (53.3%) of samples were positive by RT-PCR, of which 160 (57.8 %) were males and 117 (42.2 %) females, with mean Ct value being 27.43. There was no significant correlation of Ct values with different age groups, gender and comorbidities. However, higher Ct values (lower viral RNA load) were recorded in severe and critical patients, which was an interesting result.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Complexes of Adenine Azo Ligand: Synthesis, Identification and Study some of their Applications","authors":"Zaid Zuhair Abd, A. Abbas","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"     This scientific paper presents two novel lanthanide metal complexes [Sm (III) and Ce (IV)] synthesized through a series of reactions involving organic ligand 8-[3-(pyrazoyl)azo]adenine (PAA). Ligand (PAA) and their complexes were characterized using various analytical techniques, including C.H.N.S elemental analysis, magnetic measurement, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, SEM, (TGA) UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and HNMR analysis. These techniques were employed to support the mode of binding and geometrical structure for ligand (PAA) and its Lanthanide (Ln) complexes. The FTIR and HNMR spectral results showed that   (PAA) acts as neutral N,N-bidentate with [Sm (III) and Ce (IV)]. The geometric shape of the synthesized Ln-complexes is octahedral. Also, TGA was used to investigate the thermal behavior of ligand and its complex. The results showed that the ligand dissociated in three steps, while the complex dissociated in five steps. This indicates that the complex is more thermally stable than the ligand, likely due to the formation of strong coordination bonds between the ligand and the metal ions. These findings can contribute to the understanding of the thermal stability of metal complexes and inform the design of new metal-based materials with desirable properties. Finally, this paper examined the antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities of PAA and its complexes. The results indicated that all of these compounds exhibited significant activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens, as well as cancer cells.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Z-Essential Submodules","authors":"M. K. Abbas, Yahya Talebi, Inaam M. Ali Hadi","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.28","url":null,"abstract":"     We define and investigate Z- essential submodules as a generalization of essential submodules. Various characterizations and properties of Z-essential submodules are given. Moreover we introduce the concepts of Z-singular submodule and Z-closed submodules.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"26 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the Center of Mass Correction in Magnetic Form Factors for 19O and 21Na Exotic Nuclei with Different Interactions","authors":"M. H. Hawi, Z. A. Dakhil, B. Hameed","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.15","url":null,"abstract":"     The transverse magnetic electron scattering form factors of 19O and 21Na exotic nuclei were studied in the plane wave Born approximation (PWBA). The shell model calculations with three sd-shell interactions, USDA, USDB, and Wildenthal, were carried out for the ground and low-lying excited states. The exact center of mass correction in the Born approximation picture through the translation-invariant shell model (TISM) was included to modify the transverse form factors. The measured magnetic dipole moments were well reproduced with the core polarization (CP) effect introduced through the effective g-factors. The occupancies percentage with respect to the valence nucleons was also calculated.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternary Continuous Classical Boundary Optimal Control Problem Dominating by Parabolic System","authors":"Fetan J. Naji, J. A. Al-Hawasy","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.26","url":null,"abstract":"     In this paper, our purpose is to study the quaternary continuous classical boundary optimal control vector problem dominated by a quaternary linear parabolic boundary value problem. Under suitable assumptions and with a given quaternary continuous classical boundary control vector, the existence theorem for a unique quaternary state vector solution to the weak form is stated and demonstrated via the method of Galerkin. Furthermore, the continuity of the Lipschitz operator between the state vector solution to the weak form for the dominating equations and the corresponding are proved. The existence of a quaternary continuous classical boundary optimal control vector is stated and demonstrated under suitable Assumptions. The mathematical formulation for the quaternary adjoint boundary value problem associated with each considered boundary value problem is obtained and the Frѐchet derivative for the objective function is derived. Finally, the necessary conditions for the optimality theorem of the problem are stated and demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Performance of Titanium Oxide Nanocomposites as NO2 Gas Sensors for Optimum Sensitivity","authors":"Ameer A. Nemea, Basim I. Al-Abdaly","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"     In this study, we investigate the performance improvement of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanocomposites as NO2 gas sensors for optimum sensitivity. The TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized using a solvothermal method and were modified with different dopants and additives to enhance their sensing properties. The sensing performance of the TiO2 nanocomposites was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and recovery time. The synthesized nanocomposites were successfully characterized using AFM, FTIR, SEM-EDX and XRD techniques. The results showed that the addition of additives such as TiO2/GO, TiO2-Ag/GO and TiO2- Al2O3/GO: TiO2/GO significantly improved the sensing properties of the TiO2 nanocomposites. The Ag-doped TiO2 nanocomposites exhibited the highest sensitivity towards NO2 gas with a very low detection limit. The Al2O3-doped TiO2 nanocomposites showed good selectivity towards NO2 gas compared to other interfering gases and has led to increase in the surface area. In conclusion, the addition of additives and the optimization of the annealing temperature can significantly improve the sensing properties of TiO2 nanocomposites towards NO2 gas. The findings of this study can contribute to the development of highly sensitive and selective NO2 gas sensors for various applications such as environmental monitoring and industrial safety.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"78 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}