Iraqi Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"A Mathematical Modeling of the Vaccination Effect on the SARS-CoV-2 Transmission: Analysis and Simulation","authors":"Rami Raad Saadi, H. Al-Husseiny","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.31","url":null,"abstract":"     Several illustrative studies on the mathematical modeling and analysis of the Coronavirus have been carried out in a short period of time. There is not enough work that accounts for the vaccination campaign's two stages. In this work, a mathematical model is created to show the impact of the recent two-stage vaccination treatment on the Coronavirus. In the proposed model, five compartments are constructed, namely the susceptible individuals , the first dose of vaccination  , the second dose of vaccination , infected  and recovered population . The uniqueness, boundedness and existence of the solutions of this model have been discussed. All potential model equilibrium points are determined. The local as well as global stability of the system in terms of the basic reproduction number is investigated. Numerical simulation is also carried out to investigate the influence of parameters affecting the dynamics of the model and to support the gathered analytical findings of the model.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"76 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of Total Antioxidant Activity and eNOS Gene rs1799983/ rs2070744 Polymorphisms in Breast Carcinogenesis","authors":"Istikrar Hade, Ahmed S. K. Al-Khafaji, F. Lafta","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"     Globally, breast cancer is the common malignancy affecting women and understanding its associated molecular events could help in disease prevention and management strategies. The present study was set to investigate an association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms with breast cancer. For this purpose, 100 subjects were participated in this work, including 50 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer recruited from Oncology hospital, Baghdad - Iraq and 50 healthy women as a control group. The concentration of antioxidants was measured in the serums collected from blood samples of breast cancer patients and healthy controls. While eNOS SNPs (rs1799983, G894T and rs2070744, T 786C) were assessed using TaqMan SNP genotyping and utilising genomic DNA extracted from the participants. The results showed that the antioxidants levels were significantly (P˂0.0001) reduced in blood samples of breast cancer patients in comparison to that of that healthy controls (0.144± 0.097 and 0.587±0.239 respectively). Additionally, the homozygous GG genotype G894T (rs1799983) could retain beneficial impact for the protection from breast cancer potential. While SNP genotyping results showed that both of the homozygous CC and heterozygous TC genotypes (rs2070744 T >C SNP) seem to contribute to the susceptibility of breast cancer development in the investigated set of patients. Overall, the present study findings suggest an association between reduced antioxidant capacity and eNOS gene polymorphisms in breast carcinogenesis.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Performance and Behavior of CNN, LSTM, and GRU for Classification and Prediction Tasks","authors":"Hasanen S. Abdullah, Nada Hussain Ali, Nada A. Z. Abdullah","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.43","url":null,"abstract":"     Deep learning (DL) plays a significant role in several tasks, especially classification and prediction. Classification tasks can be efficiently achieved via convolutional neural networks (CNN) with a huge dataset, while recurrent neural networks (RNN) can perform prediction tasks due to their ability to remember time series data. In this paper, three models have been proposed to certify the evaluation track for classification and prediction tasks associated with four datasets (two for each task). These models are CNN and RNN, which include two models (Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)) and GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit). Each model is employed to work consequently over the two mentioned tasks to draw a road map of deep learning models for a variety of tasks under the control of a unified architecture for each proposed model.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"53 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of P-Semi Homogeneous System of Difference Equations of Three dimension","authors":"Abdul Samad Ibrahim Hussein, B. Al-Asadi","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.23","url":null,"abstract":"     The aim of this paper is to define new concepts, namely a homogenous system of difference equations x(n+1)=Bx(n)  where  B is a matrix of real numbers, which is called P-semi homogenous of order m if there exists a non-zero matrix A and integer number m such that the following equation holds: F (A(c)x(n))= 〖P(A(c))〗^m F(x(n)), Where F is a function,  m and  P are integer numbers and c is a real number. This definition is a generalization to the (3×3)-semi-homogeneous system of difference equations of order m. Special cases are studied of this definition and illustrative examples are given and some characterizations of this definition are also given. The necessary and sufficient conditions for a homogenous system of difference Equations to be P-semi homogenous of order one or greater than one as well as some examples and theorems about there are given.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Quality Assessment of Tigris River Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques","authors":"Noor A.H. Alharbawee, Ahmed Jasim Mohammed","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"     Factor and cluster analysis, two multivariate statistical approaches, have been used to analyze temporal and spatial variations and pollutants sources effecting the water quality of Tigris River from the north to the south of Baghdad city. From October 2021 to September 2022, 15 water quality parameters (electrical conductivity (EC), pH, water temperature (WT), turbidity (Tur), total hardness (TH), biochemical Ooxygen Ddemand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), Mg+, Ca+, SO4, dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total chlorine (TC), Cr, and Al) were tested at five monitoring sites (Balad, Al-Ghrai’at, Al-Shuhada'a Bridge, Al-Za’franiya, and Jisr Diyala), along the study area of the river. Results revealed that the major factor that affects the water quality in the study area is the anthropogenic factor. Spatial cluster analysis of the monitoring sites revealed three different groups that were compared to one another where each site suggested a different degree of contamination in the Tigris river water quality.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"27 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analytic Model for COVID-19 Cases in Iran and Its Neighbors Using Deep Learning and Time Series Methods","authors":"Razieyeh Abedi, Kheirolah Rahsepar Frad","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.36","url":null,"abstract":"     Since the pandemic of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2019, it has rapidly become a major global health concern. Various mutations and rapid spread of the virus, a lack of specific treatment, and limited hospital facilities highlight the importance of anticipation, risk analysis, and timely treatment. The use of mathematical models, artificial intelligence, and simulation methods are effective tools in predicting the spread and providing effective solutions to prevent virus transmission. Analysis and forecasting require an integrated model to cover different aspects of the problem and use different methods to obtain appropriate results.\u0000   In this research, a proposed model for analysis and prediction of COVID-19 cases in Iran and neighboring countries is presented. The performance of mathematical and deep learning models in the proposed model has been evaluated using data from Johns Hopkins University from January 29, 2020, to April 30, 2021. Evaluation of the predictive outcomes of daily cases was performed using RMSE criteria. Then, the effect of the trend of cases in neighboring countries of Iran on the rate of new cases in this country has been studied. These models can help governments predict the number of infections to provide the necessary solutions and prevent a new wave of the virus.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Shigella SonneiProducing Shiga Toxin from Children with Bloody Diarrhea and Evaluation of the Inhibition Effectiveness of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"Hayfaa Rajab Alwan, S. Dahham, Ahmed Hussein Dhayea, Mohammad Nadhir Maaroof","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"     Shigella infection strains producing shiga toxin results in bloody diarrheais a dangerous symptom in children under five years of age that can even lead to death. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate Shigella strains producing shiga toxin from 150 samples which were taken from bloody stool of children under the five years of age. They were suffering from the diarrhea during the period from March 2021 to March 2022 in Tikrit city, Iraq. The results showed the possibility to isolate six isolates of Shigella sonnei at ratio 4% of the total samples. The isolates producing shiga toxin were identified by using stx1 gene. The results showed two isolates of Shigella possessing stx1 gene, at ratio 33.33 of total S. sonnei strains. The two isolates producing shiga toxin have been submitted to NCBI, then accepted as Iraqi strains in NCBI under the registration numbers OK127759.1 and OK127760.1. The Iraqi strains registered in NCBI showed agreement with a global strain of 99-100%  that were recorded by registration numbers in Malaysia (CP060117.1), China (CP000038.1), United Kingdom (CP066810.1), Hungary (CP019689.1), Somalia (CP023645.1), Spain (CP022672.1), Italy (CP035008.1), India (CP041322.1), Australia (CP045932.1), Nigeria (CP046286.1), Switzerland (CP049183.1), USA (CP053751.1) and South Korea (CP055292.1). As for the sensitivity test, the results showed that the strain OK127759.1 was resistant to antibiotics azithromycin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, augmentin and tetracycline. And it was sensitive to gentamicin and intermediately sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid. As for the strain OK127760.1, the results showed his strain was intermediately sensitive to gentamicin and resistant to the other antibiotics which were used in the test. ZnO-NPs with a concentration of 200 μg/ml showed the highest inhibitory effectiveness against S. sonnei strains OK127759.1 and OK127760.1 with inhibition diameter of 22 mm and 21 mm respectively.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verifying the Best Iraqi Area to Install a LOFAR Radio Telescope Using SWOT Model","authors":"Zina Fadel Kahdim, Kamal M. Abood","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.44","url":null,"abstract":"     Many of the radio telescope's wireless sensor networks operate outdoors, where changing weather might impact their system performance. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the climatic and topographic factors that affect the quality of the radio link to mitigate its impact and adapt to different conditions. In this study, the effects of the region's topography and climate on the strength of the radio signal were studied. Besides studying the effects of the soil of the area and land flatness on determining the optimal location for erecting a radio telescope in Iraq within four governorates (Nineveh, AL-Anbar, Al-Najaf, and Al-Muthanna). Data from relevant ministries and a digital map dataset for the area's topography with dimensions of 4 km x 6 km were used. The obtained results, via applying the SWOT model, showed that the best Iraqi area for erecting a radio telescope (LOFAR) among the selected regions according to the atmospheric parameters, such as air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, and other conditions such as transportation, the security component, number of buildings, population, and communication towers was Al- Muthanna governorate. It is considered the best radio zone for observing radio signals.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isopach Map of Mishrif Formation in Nasiriya Oil Field by Using 3D Seismic Data","authors":"Yousif T. Habeeb, Kamal K. Ali","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.21","url":null,"abstract":"     The current study included interpretations of the three-dimensional seismic Data for the Nasiriya oil field implemented by the Oil exploration company in 2010 with a planned surface coverage area of 1273 km². The Nasiriyah field is located in southern Iraq within the Dhi Qar Governorate, about (10) km northwest of the governorate center (Nasiriyah), and the Muthanna governorate is located in the northwestern part of the field, which is approximately (15) km west of the governorate center (Samawah). The information from the wells (well velocity survey, formation depths, logs) was relied upon and entered into the seismic cube data to capture the top of the Mishrif Formation. In addition is to pick the top of the Rumaila Formation, which represents the bottom of the Mishrif Formation. The top and bottom Mishrif reflectors were picked, interpreted, and tracked within the region. The reflector's two-way time (TWT), velocity, and depth maps showed structural closure features in the center of the area, and the general direction of the closure is thenorthwest–southeast. The structural maps showed a general tendency towards the northeast. The isopach map showed that the thickness values of the Mishrif Formation increased to the west and northwest while the thickness decreased toward the east and southeast.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserving Genotype Privacy Using AES and Partially Homomorphic Encryption","authors":"Hiba M. Yousif, Sarab M. Hameed","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.38","url":null,"abstract":"     Increasingly, the availability of personal genomic data in cloud servers hosted by hospitals and research centers has incentivized researchers to turn to research that deals with analyzing genomic data. This is due to its importance in detecting diseases caused by genetic mutations, detecting genes that carry genetic diseases, and attempting to treat them in future generations.  Secure query execution on encrypted data is considered an active research area in which encryption is used to ensure the confidentiality of genomic data while restricting the ability to process such data without first decrypting it. To provide a secure framework and future insight into the potential contributions of homomorphic encryption to the field of genomic data, this paper proposes a framework for guaranteeing genomic data privacy using various partial homomorphic encryption techniques. By examining the characteristics of the three partial homomorphic encryptions based on different parameters. The framework has been online tested and compared based on different parameters. Three homomorphic encryption algorithms were adopted to ensure genomic data privacy by employing homomorphic operations in the query matching process. Experiments on real datasets, specifically MERS and SARSr-COV, showed that the proposed framework is efficient and improves query execution time by an average of 96% compared to existing work.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}