JNCI Cancer Spectrum最新文献

{"title":"Effect of resistance training on physical function during chemotherapy in colon cancer.","authors":"Justin C Brown, Shengping Yang, Stephanie L E Compton, Kristin L Campbell, Elizabeth M Cespedes Feliciano, Sara Quinney, Barbara Sternfeld, Bette J Caan, Jeffrey A Meyerhardt, Kathryn H Schmitz","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkae058","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkae058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The decline of physical function during chemotherapy predicts poor quality of life and premature death. It is unknown if resistance training prevents physical function decline during chemotherapy in colon cancer survivors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter trial randomly assigned 181 colon cancer survivors receiving postoperative chemotherapy to home-based resistance training or usual care control. Physical function outcomes included the short physical performance battery, isometric handgrip strength, and the physical function subscale of the Medical Outcomes Short-Form 36-item questionnaire. Mixed models for repeated measures quantified estimated treatment differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, participants had a mean (SD) age of 55.2 (12.8) years; 67 (37%) were 60 years or older, and 29 (16%) had a composite short physical performance battery score of no more than 9. Compared with usual care control, resistance training did not improve the composite short physical performance battery score (estimated treatment difference = -0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.32 to 0.31; P = .98) or the short physical performance battery scores for balance (estimated treatment difference = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.10 to 0.11; P = .93), gait speed (estimated treatment difference = 0.08, 95% CI = -0.06 to 0.22; P = .28), and sit-to-stand (estimated treatment difference = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.29 to 0.13; P = .46). Compared with usual care control, resistance training did not improve isometric handgrip strength (estimated treatment difference = 1.50 kg, 95% CI = -1.06 to 4.05; P = .25) or self-reported physical function (estimated treatment difference = -3.55, 95% CI = -10.03 to 2.94); P = .28). The baseline short physical performance battery balance score (r = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.35) and handgrip strength (r = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.09 to 0.36) correlated with chemotherapy relative dose intensity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among colon cancer survivors with relatively high physical functioning, random assignment to home-based resistance training did not prevent physical function decline during chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>NCT03291951.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11285783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are community oncology practices with or without clinical research programs different? A comparison of patient and practice characteristics.","authors":"Ivy Altomare, Xiaoliang Wang, Maneet Kaur, Jenny S Guadamuz, Sam Falk, Forrest Xiao, Neal J Meropol, Yihua Zhao","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkae060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkae060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Expanding access to clinical trials in community settings is a potential approach to addressing disparities in accrual of historically underrepresented populations. However, little is known about the characteristics of practices that do not participate in research. We investigated differences in patient and practice characteristics of US community oncology practices with high vs low engagement in clinical research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included patients from a real-world, nationwide electronic health record-derived, de-identified database who received active treatment for cancer at community oncology practices between November 1, 2017, and October 31, 2022. We assessed patient and practice characteristics and their associations with high vs low research engagement using descriptive analyses and logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 178 practices, 70 (39.3%) events had high research engagement, treated 57.8% of the overall 568 540 patient cohort, and enrolled 3.25% of their patients on cancer treatment trials during the 5-year observation period (vs 0.27% enrollment among low engagement practices). Practices with low vs high research engagement treated higher proportions of the following patient groups: ages 75 years and older (24.2% vs 21.8%), non-Latinx Black (12.6% vs 10.3%) or Latinx (11.6% vs 6.1%), were within the lowest socioeconomic status quintile (21.9% vs16.5%), and were uninsured or had no documented insurance (22.2% vs 13.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patient groups historically underrepresented in oncology clinical trials are more likely to be treated at community practices with limited or no access to trials. These results suggest that investments to expand the clinical research footprint among practices with low research engagement could help address persistent inequities in trial representation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11310105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incident diabetes among older Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander women with breast cancer.","authors":"Alzina Koric, Chun-Pin Esther Chang, Yuan-Chin Amy Lee, Mei Wei, Catherine J Lee, Randa Tao, Jing Wang, Djin Tay, Mia Hashibe","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkae051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkae051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The risk of diabetes among Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (ANHPI) women after breast cancer is unclear. This study estimated the risk of incident type II diabetes in older ANHPI and older non-Hispanic White (NHW) women with breast cancer from the US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Medicare linked claims.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A matched cohort of 7122 older ANHPI and 21 365 older NHW women with breast cancer were identified from SEER-Medicare between 2000 and 2017. To assess the risk of incident type II diabetes after breast cancer, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using the Cox proportional-hazards regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the mean 8 years of follow-up, 9.3% of older women with breast cancer developed incident type II diabetes. In comparison with older NHW women, older ANHPI women without a known history of diabetes had an elevated risk of diabetes after breast cancer, with strong associations observed for Pacific Islander (HR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.43 to 6.67), Vietnamese (HR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.33 to 2.36), and Filipino (HR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.57 to 2.59) women with breast cancer, adjusting for potential confounders. Among ANHPI women with breast cancer, more baseline comorbidities and obesity were risk factors for developing incident type II diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ANHPI women diagnosed with breast cancer had an elevated risk of type II diabetes compared with older NHW women with breast cancer. Routine monitoring and management of diabetes are warranted in older ANHPI women with breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11253921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in Eswatini: a population-based study in Africa.","authors":"Kara I Cicero, Xolisile Dlamini, Yvonne Mavengere, Jessica Justman, Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Sindisiwe Dlamini, Mxolisi Dlamini, Simphiwe Ngwenyama, Cebisile Ngcamphalala, Andrea Low, Neena M Philip, Wafaa M El-Sadr, Ruben Sahabo, Tesfay Abreha, Sintayehu Temesgen, Nokuthula Mahlalela, Codruta Chiuzan, Yuxuan Chen, Samuel S Pan, Suzanne Lentzsch, Alfred I Neugut","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkae056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkae056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma disproportionately affect Black individuals, few epidemiological studies have been conducted on these plasma cell disorders in Africa. Here we describe the prevalence of MGUS in Eswatini and compare our results to the landmark Olmsted County, Minnesota study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2016 and 2017, 13 339 residents of Eswatini participated in the Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey, from which a nationally representative biorepository was created. Plasma samples were then randomly selected and analyzed for MGUS. MGUS prevalence in Eswatini was compared with that of Olmsted County. In addition, demographic and HIV-related associations with MGUS were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 515 samples randomly selected, the median age was 50 years (range = 35-80 years); 60% were female; and 38.6% were HIV positive, of whom 82.4% were on antiretroviral therapy. We found that 68 participants had evidence of MGUS, for a prevalence of 13.2%. HIV status was not significantly associated with MGUS (odds ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval = 0.62 to 1.77), but among HIV-positive individuals, MGUS was less frequent for patients on antiretroviral therapy (adjusted odds ratio = 0.31, 95% confidence interval = 0.11 to 0.82). The prevalence of conventional MGUS was similar between Eswatini and Olmsted County (3.4% vs 3.2%-3.4%), whereas the incidence of light-chain MGUS was significantly greater in Eswatini (12.3% vs 0.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggests that the incidence of MGUS is similar between ethnicities and raises the question of whether the current definition of light-chain MGUS reliably reflects a true monoclonal protein precursor state. Perhaps the current definition of light-chain MGUS may be capturing alternate etiologies, such as untreated HIV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11310106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing cohort and period trends of early-onset colorectal cancer: a global analysis.","authors":"Jianjiu Chen, Wan Yang","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkae052","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkae052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased globally in recent decades. We examined early-onset CRC incidence trends worldwide for potential cohort effects, defined as changes associated with time of birth (eg, early-life exposure to carcinogens), and period effects, defined as changes associated with calendar periods (eg, screening programs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained long-term incidence data for early-onset CRC diagnosed in patients aged 20 to 49 years through the year 2012 for 35 countries in the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database. We used a smoothing method to help compare cohort and period trends of early-onset CRC and used an age-period-cohort model to estimate cohort and period effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cohort effects had a more dominant role than period effects in the early-onset CRC incidence in Shanghai (China), the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the United States, and Osaka (Japan). The smoothed trends show the specific birth cohorts when early-onset CRC began to increase: the 1940s-1950s birth cohorts in the United States; the 1950s-1960s birth cohorts in other Western countries; the 1960s birth cohorts in Osaka; and the 1970s-1980s birth cohorts in Shanghai. Such increases occurred earlier for early-onset cancers of the rectum than of the colon. For the other countries, the results were less clear.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Recent birth cohorts may have been exposed to risk factors different from earlier cohorts, contributing to increased early-onset CRC incidence in several developed countries or regions in the West and Asia. Such increases began in earlier birth cohorts in Western countries than in developed regions of Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The survival benefit associated with complete macroscopic resection in epithelial ovarian cancer is histotype specific.","authors":"Joanna M Porter, Iona McFarlane, Clare Bartos, Michael Churchman, James May, C Simon Herrington, Kathryn C Connolly, Neil A J Ryan, Robert L Hollis","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkae049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkae049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Complete macroscopic resection is a key factor associated with prolonged survival in ovarian cancer. However, most evidence derives from high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, and the benefit of complete macroscopic resection in other histotypes is poorly characterized. We sought to determine which histotypes derive the greatest benefit from complete macroscopic resection to better inform future decisions on radical cytoreductive efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed multivariable analysis of disease-specific survival across 2 independent patient cohorts to determine the magnitude of benefit associated with complete macroscopic resection within each histotype.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across both cohorts (Scottish: n = 1622; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results [SEER]: n = 18 947), complete macroscopic resection was associated with prolonged disease-specific survival; this was more marked in the Scottish cohort (multivariable hazard ratio [HR] = 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.37 to 0.52 vs HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.57 to 0.62 in SEER). In both cohorts, clear cell ovarian carcinoma was among the histotypes to benefit most from complete macroscopic resection (multivariable HR = 0.23 and HR = 0.50 in Scottish and SEER cohorts, respectively); high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma patients demonstrated highly statistically significant and clinically meaningful survival benefit, but this was of lower magnitude than in clear cell ovarian carcinoma and endometrioid ovarian carcinoma across both cohorts. The benefit derived in low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is also high (multivariable HR = 0.27 in Scottish cohort). Complete macroscopic resection was associated with prolonged survival in mucinous ovarian carcinoma patients in the SEER cohort (multivariable HR = 0.65), but the association failed to reach statistical significance in the Scottish cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The overall ovarian cancer patient population demonstrates clinically significant survival benefit associated with complete macroscopic resection; however, the magnitude of benefit differs between histotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximizing the impact of community outreach and engagement at US cancer centers.","authors":"Shoba Ramanadhan, James Daly, Rebekka M Lee, Kamini Mallick, Samantha L Augenbraun, Karen M Emmons","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkae053","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkae053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2016, the National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers funding opportunity was expanded to require community outreach and engagement (COE), with explicit attention to cancer inequities, community engagement, and implementation science in the centers' catchment areas. Resource limitations constrain these activities, and we conducted a qualitative study to understand what COE leaders see as critical needs and supports to increase impact. In the spring of 2021, we interviewed leaders from 56 of 64 cancer centers with COE programs and analyzed the data using a reflexive, thematic approach. We identified 6 categories of needs: 1) centering community engagement among leadership and non-COE researchers, 2) increasing training on implementation science/practice, 3) improving integration into cross-center networks, 4) increasing funding for staffing and sustainment, 5) revising funder guidance and reporting, and 6) facilitating data utilization. COEs need long-term, systems-focused investments to engage communities, increase research translation, and advance health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11245743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical trial recruitment of people who speak languages other than English: a Children's Oncology Group report.","authors":"Melissa P Beauchemin, Maria Ortega, Sheila J Santacroce, Joanna M Robles, Jenny Ruiz, Anurekha G Hall, Justine M Kahn, Cecilia Fu, Manuela Orjuela-Grimm, Grace C Hillyer, Samrawit Solomon, Wendy Pelletier, Raul Montiel-Esparza, Lindsay J Blazin, Cassie Kline, Alix E Seif, Paula Aristizabal, Lena E Winestone, Maria C Velez","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkae047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkae047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persons who speak languages other than English are underrepresented in clinical trials, likely in part because of inadequate multilevel resources. We conducted a survey of institutions affiliated with the Children's Oncology Group (COG) to characterize current research recruitment practices and resources regarding translation and interpretation services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In October 2022, a 20-item survey was distributed electronically to institutions affiliated with COG to assess consent practices and resources for recruiting participants who speak languages other than English to COG trials. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses; responses were compared by institution size and type as well as respondent role.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey was sent to 230 institutions, and the response rate was 60% (n = 139). In total, 60% (n = 83) of those respondents had access to short-form consent forms. Full consent form translation was required at 50% of institutions, and 12% of institutional review boards restricted use of centrally translated consent forms. Forty-six percent (n = 64) of institutions reported insufficient funding to support translation costs; 19% (n = 26) had access to no-cost translation services. Forty-four percent (n = 61) were required to use in-person interpreters for consent discussions; the most frequently cited barrier (56%) to obtaining consent was lack of available in-person interpreters. Forty-seven percent (n = 65) reported that recruiting persons who speak languages other than English to clinical trials was somewhat or very difficult.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Institutions affiliated with COG face resource-specific challenges that impede recruitment of participants who speak languages other than English for clinical trials. These findings indicate an urgent need to identify strategies aimed at reducing recruitment barriers to ensure equitable access to clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141419141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Docetaxel-oxaliplatin-capecitabine/5-fluorouracil (DOX/F) followed by docetaxel versus oxaliplatin-capecitabine/5-fluorouracil (CAPOX/FOLFOX) in HER2-negative advanced gastric cancers.","authors":"Anant Ramaswamy, Prabhat Bhargava, Biswajit Dubashi, Anuj Gupta, Akhil Kapoor, Sujay Srinivas, Omshree Shetty, Poonam Jadhav, Veena Desai, Vanita Noronha, Amit Joshi, Nandini Menon, Vijay M Patil, Bal Krishna Mishra, Bipinesh Sansar, Arpita Singh, Swapnil Patel, Satyendra Narayan Singh, Ipsita Dhal, Kunal Ranjan Vinayak, Vikash Pal, Sarika Mandavkar, Sadhana Kannan, Deepali Chaugule, Rajshree Patil, Manali Parulekar, Chaitali Nashikkar, Suman Kumar Ankathi, Rajiv Kumar Kaushal, Aekta Shah, Prasanth Ganesan, Smita Kayal, Ramesh Ananthakrishnan, Noorzia Syed, Debdeep Samaddar, Venkatesh Kapu, Anokhi Shah, D Kaaviya, R Suganiya, Nirmala Devi Srinivasan, Kumar Prabhash, Vikas Ostwal","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkae054","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkae054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We evaluated whether the addition of docetaxel (D) to a combination comprising 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) or capecitabine (C) plus oxaliplatin (O) (DOF/DOX) improved overall survival (OS) compared with 6 months of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or capecitabine in combination with oxaliplatin (FOLFOX/CAPOX) alone in advanced HER2-negative gastroesophageal junction and gastric adenocarcinomas (G/GEJ).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was an investigator-initiated, open-label, multi-institutional, randomized phase III trial in adult patients with HER2-negative advanced G/GEJs. The primary endpoint of the study was a comparison of median OS by Kaplan-Meier method. Next-generation sequencing was performed on tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 324 patients randomly assigned between July 2020 and November 2022, 305 patients were evaluable for analysis (FOLFOX/CAPOX: 156; DOF/DOX: 149). With a median follow-up time of 19.2 months (95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 16.5 months to 21.9 months) for the entire cohort, the median OS was 10.1 months (95% CI = 9.2 to 10.9) for FOLFOX/CAPOX and 8.9 months (95% CI = 7.3 to 10.5) for DOF/DOX, and this difference was not statistically significant (P = .70). An increased proportion of grade 3 or grade 4 neutropenia (21% vs 3%; P < .001) and grade 2/3 neuropathy (17% vs 7%; P = .005) was seen in patients receiving DOF/DOX. Genomic profiling revealed a low incidence of microsatellite instability (1%) and a high incidence of BRCA1 (8.4%) and BRCA2 (7.5%) somatic alterations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FOLFOX or CAPOX chemotherapy for 6 months remains one of the standards of care in advanced HER2-negative gastroesophageal junction and gastric adenocarcinomas, with no additional survival benefit seen with the addition of docetaxel. Genomic profiling of patients revealed a higher than previously known incidence of somatic BRCA alterations, which requires further evaluation.CTRI (Clinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2020/03/023944).</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: testing the physician-level segregated and differential treatment hypotheses.","authors":"Jialin Mao, Jeanine M Genkinger, Andrew G Rundle, Jason D Wright, Tabassum Z Insaf, Maria J Schymura, Jim C Hu, Parisa Tehranifar","doi":"10.1093/jncics/pkae061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jncics/pkae061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mechanisms underlying racial and ethnic disparities in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) vs open radical prostatectomy (ORP) are unclear. We sought to test 2 physician-level hypotheses: 1) Segregated Treatment and 2) Differential Treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study used the New York State Cancer Registry linked to discharge records and included patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer from October 1, 2008 to December 31, 2018. For hypothesis 1, we examined the association between patient race and ethnicity and treating surgeon RARP use (high-use surgeons, low-use surgeons, and surgeons at non-RARP facilities). For hypothesis 2, we determined the association between patient race and ethnicity and receipt of RARP when matching on treating surgeon, age, year of procedure, and Gleason group. We explored the role of insurance in both analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 18 926 patients (8.0% Hispanic, 16.9% non-Hispanic Black, 75.1% non-Hispanic White), with a mean age of 60.4 ± 7.1 years. Compared with non-Hispanic White patients, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black patients had higher odds of being treated by low-RARP-use surgeons (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20 to 3.88; OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.06 to 2.94, respectively) and by surgeons at non-RARP facilities (OR = 4.19, 95% CI = 2.18 to 8.07; OR = 4.60, 95% CI = 2.58 to 8.23, respectively). In the matched cohorts, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black patients were less likely to receive RARP than non-Hispanic White patients (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.98; OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.00, respectively). These associations were partially attenuated after accounting for insurance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Racial and ethnic disparities in RARP use are related to patients being treated by different surgeons and treated differently by the same surgeons. Identifying and addressing multilevel barriers to equitable surgical treatment is needed to reduce disparities among prostate cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14681,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Cancer Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}