Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research最新文献_第7页

Herbage nutritive value of binary- and multi-species swards relative to single-species swards in intensive silage systems 集约化青贮系统中二种和多种草相对于单种草的牧草营养价值

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research Pub Date : 2020-12-19 DOI: 10.15212/ijafr-2020-0109

T. Moloney, H. Sheridan, James Grant, E. O'Riordan, P. O'kiely

{"title":"Herbage nutritive value of binary- and multi-species swards relative to single-species swards in intensive silage systems","authors":"T. Moloney, H. Sheridan, James Grant, E. O'Riordan, P. O'kiely","doi":"10.15212/ijafr-2020-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/ijafr-2020-0109","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The nutritive value of sown binary- and multi-species grassland mixtures may differ from the values expected based on single-species swards of their constituent species. Field plots were established in a split-plot design to assess the nutritive value of binary- and multi-species mixtures compared to single-species swards of three grass species and red clover (RC) (Trifolium pratense L.) managed for intensive silage production. The nutritive value of grass–legume binary mixtures reflected the values of the constituent species grown on their own, and thus may be predicted from monoculture values. The relatively low digestibility (dry matter digestibility [DMD]) and crude protein (CP) content of the Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) sward compared to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) suggests that it may have a limited role in binary- or multi-species swards. Herbage nutritive value in the multi-species swards (Mix 1: perennial ryegrass, timothy, RC and white clover [Trifolium repens L.]; Mix 2: perennial ryegrass, timothy, RC, ribwort plantain [Plantago lanceolata L.] and chicory [Cichorium intybus L.]) appeared to be influenced more by the presence of legumes than herbs. Compared to perennial ryegrass, the multi-species swards had a slower rate of DMD decline prior to Cut 1, but subsequently had lower DMD values at the mid-season harvests. Both multi-species mixtures exhibited DMD, water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and CP values that would not have been predicted from their constituent species and thus need to be measured on herbage from field plots growing these mixtures.","PeriodicalId":14659,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41784527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The proximate composition of three marine pelagic fish: blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), boarfish (Capros aper) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) 三种海洋中上层鱼类的近似组成：蓝鳕鱼（Micromeristius poutassou）、野猪鱼（Capros aper）和大西洋鲱鱼（Clupea harengus）

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.15212/ijafr-2020-0112

S. Egerton, D. Mannion, S. Culloty, J. Whooley, C. Stanton, R. Ross

{"title":"The proximate composition of three marine pelagic fish: blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), boarfish (Capros aper) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus)","authors":"S. Egerton, D. Mannion, S. Culloty, J. Whooley, C. Stanton, R. Ross","doi":"10.15212/ijafr-2020-0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/ijafr-2020-0112","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study presents data from an in-depth proximate compositional analysis of three marine fish species: blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), boarfish (Capros aper) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). These fish contained significant amounts of protein (16–17%), lipids (4–11%) and minerals (2–6% ash). The proteins, particularly from boarfish, had close to optimum amino acid profiles for human and fish nutrition. They compared favourably with other fish species in terms of total lipids and relative concentration of the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (11.8–13.3% and 5.9–8.1% in triacylglycerols [TG] and 24.6–35.4% and 5.8–12.0% in phospholipids [PL]). Atlantic herring had the highest lipid content among the three fish and was found to contain high levels of PL poly-unsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 fatty acids. Minerals detected in the fish included calcium (272–1,520 mg/100 g), phosphorus (363–789 mg/100 g), iron (1.07–2.83 mg/100 g), magnesium (40.70–62.10 mg/100 g), potassium (112.00–267.00 mg/100 g), selenium (0.04–0.06 mg/100 g), sodium (218.00–282.00 mg/100 g) and zinc (1.29–5.57 mg/100 g). Boarfish had the highest ash fraction and also the highest levels of all the minerals, except potassium. Atlantic herring had considerably lower mineral content compared with the other two species and, levels detected were also lower than those reported in previously published studies. Heavy metals contents were quantified, and levels were significantly below the maximum allowable limits for all elements except arsenic, which ranged from 1.34 to 2.44 mg/kg in the three fish species. Data outlined here will be useful for guiding product development. Future studies would benefit from considering catch season, sex and developmental stage of the fish.","PeriodicalId":14659,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49010187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Adding value to under-utilised Irish fish roe: a physico-chemical and sensory comparison of cured Irish pollock (Pollachius pollachius) roe with commercial mullet (Mugil cephalus) and cod (Gadus morhua) products 增加未充分利用的爱尔兰鱼籽的价值:腌制爱尔兰鳕鱼(Pollachius Pollachius)与商业鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)和鳕鱼(Gadus morhua)产品的理化和感官比较

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.15212/ijafr-2020-0114

A. Furey, U. Hoeche, F. Noci

{"title":"Adding value to under-utilised Irish fish roe: a physico-chemical and sensory comparison of cured Irish pollock (Pollachius pollachius) roe with commercial mullet (Mugil cephalus) and cod (Gadus morhua) products","authors":"A. Furey, U. Hoeche, F. Noci","doi":"10.15212/ijafr-2020-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/ijafr-2020-0114","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Irish marine fish roe is generally discarded at sea or processed as low value-added fishmeal and not utilised as nutritious seafood ingredients. Locally sourced pollock roes were salted, air-dried (Mediterranean-style) and compared to similar commercial mullet and cod products for: weight; moisture content; pH; instrumental texture and colour; and sensory attributes. Raw pollock roes averaged 105 g (n = 25). Roes lost on average 3.1% moisture (w/w) after a 2-h salting period and 48.8% weight reduction was observed after an average 105 h air-drying time. The moisture content of pollock was not significantly different to commercial products. Average pH for pollock, mullet and cod products was 5.9, 5.4 and 5.7, respectively (P < 0.05). Pollock and mullet had similar hardness, but cod was significantly harder than both, when measured instrumentally. Total colour difference (∆E*) between the surface of pollock and cod, and that of pollock and mullet was 7.5 and 3.0, respectively. Sensory assessment of sliced and powdered products, using 9-point hedonic and 5-point just-about-right (JAR) scales, was conducted with 38 consumers. Pollock received the highest scores for overall liking and intention to purchase compared to commercial mullet and cod products, averaging 5.6, 5.6 and 4.9, respectively, for sliced roe products, and 6.3, 5.3 and 6.1 for powdered products. Penalty analysis of JAR showed “overall liking” was impacted by the flavour being “too fishy”. In conclusion, pollock had similar characteristics and acceptable sensory attributes compared to commercial products presenting opportunities to expand the range of value-added roe products (e.g., trout, salmon) available, while also contributing to waste reduction.","PeriodicalId":14659,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41808782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Behavioural and physiological responses of individually housed dairy calves to change in milk feeding frequency at different ages 不同日龄单独饲养犊牛对喂奶频率变化的行为和生理反应

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.15212/ijafr-2020-0102

G. Scoley, A Ashfield, M. Romero Oiartzun, A. Gordon, S.J. Morrison

{"title":"Behavioural and physiological responses of individually housed dairy calves to change in milk feeding frequency at different ages","authors":"G. Scoley, A Ashfield, M. Romero Oiartzun, A. Gordon, S.J. Morrison","doi":"10.15212/ijafr-2020-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/ijafr-2020-0102","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to use a range of non-invasive monitoring technologies to investigate the behavioural and physiological responses of individually housed dairy calves to age at change in milk replacer (MR) feeding frequency. Forty-eight Holstein Friesian calves were individually penned and fed MR (625 g/d) as solids in one of three feeding regimes: (i) once-a-day feeding commencing at age 14 d (OAD14), (ii) once-a-day feeding commencing at age 28 d (OAD28) and (iii) twice-a-day feeding (TAD). Several behavioural (automatic activity sensors), physiological (infrared [IR] thermography and heart rate variability [HRV]) and haematological indicators were used to examine calf responses. Reduction in milk feeding frequency at 14 or 28 d of age increased daily concentrate intakes and drinking water consumption throughout the pre-wean period. Calf lying behaviour was unaffected by reduction in milk feeding frequency; however, TAD calves recorded a significant decrease in total daily lying time during the post-wean period compared with OAD28s. There was no effect of treatment on IR eye or rectal temperature throughout the experiment; however, there was an effect of age, with IR temperature decreasing as calf age increased. OAD14 calves tended to have decreased HRV at days 14 and 16, which is suggestive of an increased stress load. The findings suggest that under high levels of animal husbandry and whilst maintaining the same amount of milk powder/d (625 g/d), reduction in milk feeding frequency from twice to once daily at 28 d can occur without significant impact to behavioural, performance and physiological parameters assessed here.","PeriodicalId":14659,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138533065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of field headlands on wheat and barley performance in a cool Atlantic climate as assessed in 40 Irish tillage fields 在40块爱尔兰耕地中评估的大西洋凉爽气候下，田岬对小麦和大麦性能的影响

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.15212/ijafr-2020-0113

M. Ward, P. D. Forristal, K. McDonnell

{"title":"Impact of field headlands on wheat and barley performance in a cool Atlantic climate as assessed in 40 Irish tillage fields","authors":"M. Ward, P. D. Forristal, K. McDonnell","doi":"10.15212/ijafr-2020-0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/ijafr-2020-0113","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The reduction in cereal crop yields on field headlands has previously been examined in other geographical regions, with research focusing on the relationship between yield and the distance from the crop edge. Headlands are subject to greater machinery trafficking than the centre of the field and the level of traffic imposed depends on the machine size and adopted turning practice. The aim of this work was to examine the impact of turning headlands on crop performance in a survey of 40 field sites in Irish conditions. The headland was categorised into three distinct zones: the area next to the field edge subject to moderate traffic intensities (field edge); the main headland area of greatest turning traffic (turning) and a transition zone (transition). An in-field zone (in-field) in which no machinery turns occur was also included. The 2-year survey included sites from three regions, four soil texture classes and had crops established with plough-based systems. Crop measurements, including plant densities, shoot counts and light interception, and yields were recorded at each site and included winter barley (WB), spring barley (SB) and winter wheat (WW) crops. The yield response of each crop type varied with sample zone, region and soil texture. There were significant (P < 0.001) yield differences recorded between the turning area and in-field zone for all three crops. Winter barley yields were reduced by 1.3 t/ha in the turning zone compared with the in-field section, while SB and WW had yield reductions of 2.08 and 4.04 t/ha, respectively, between these two field zones.","PeriodicalId":14659,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41795041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Mitigation of phosphorus, sediment and Escherichia coli losses in runoff from a dairy farm roadway 减少从奶牛场道路径流中磷、沉积物和大肠杆菌的损失

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.15212/ijafr-2020-0117

R. McDowell, K. Daly, O. Fenton

引用次数: 3

Performance and nutrient utilisation of dairy cows offered silages produced from three successive harvests of either a red clover–perennial ryegrass sward or a perennial ryegrass sward 对奶牛的生产性能和营养利用进行了研究，青贮饲料由连续三次收获的红三叶草-多年生黑麦草或多年生黑麦草制成

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.15212/ijafr-2020-0106

D. Johnston, A. Laidlaw, K. Theodoridou, C. Ferris

{"title":"Performance and nutrient utilisation of dairy cows offered silages produced from three successive harvests of either a red clover–perennial ryegrass sward or a perennial ryegrass sward","authors":"D. Johnston, A. Laidlaw, K. Theodoridou, C. Ferris","doi":"10.15212/ijafr-2020-0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/ijafr-2020-0106","url":null,"abstract":"The need to reduce reliance on imported protein feeds within the UK and Ireland has stimulated interest in locally grown forage legume crops, including red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.). This 13-wk study examined the performance of 28 dairy cows offered silages produced from three successive harvests (H) of either a pure grass sward (GS) receiving 315 kg N/ha per annum or a red clover–perennial ryegrass sward (RCGS) receiving 22 kg N/ha per annum. The crops of H1, H2 and H3 were wilted for 48, 72 and 72 h, respectively. Silages from H1, H2 and H3 were offered for 5, 5 and 3 wk, respectively, with cows supplemented with 8.0 kg concentrate/d throughout the experiment. Digestibility of DM and the effectively degradable protein content were lower, while protein degradability was higher, for RCGS than for GS. Silage DM intakes (DMIs) were higher for RCGS than for GS at H1 and H2, with no differences at H3. Milk yield was higher with RCGS than with GS at H3, with no differences at H1 and H2. Milk fat and milk protein contents were lower with RCGS than with GS at H3 but did not differ at H1 and H2. Faecal N/N intake was higher in the RCGS group than in the GS group at H1, with no differences at H2 and H3. Gross energy digestibility was lower for RCGS than for GS at H2. Although cow performance was higher with RCGS treatment, the responses were variable between harvests, largely reflecting the changing proportion of RC in the swards as the season progressed.","PeriodicalId":14659,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48514582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Ruminant grassland production systems in Ireland 爱尔兰反刍动物草原生产系统

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.15212/ijafr-2020-0118

M. O'Donovan, D. Hennessy, P. Creighton

{"title":"Ruminant grassland production systems in Ireland","authors":"M. O'Donovan, D. Hennessy, P. Creighton","doi":"10.15212/ijafr-2020-0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/ijafr-2020-0118","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In Ireland grazing systems provide the basis of sustainable livestock production, as grazed grass is the cheapest feed source of nutrients for ruminants. The main future objective for these systems is to achieve high grass utilisation, ensure system sustainability and maintain extremely high animal health and welfare. There is no reason why all three cannot be combined. Ireland’s national farm policy targets growth in exports to €19 billion per annum by 2025. This figure represents an 85% increase from the current 3 yr average. There are major improvements required in the areas of grassland management and its conversion into milk and meat to fulfil such a target. While every farm situation is unique due to varying soil types, climatic conditions, stocking rates and management capabilities, herbage production and utilisation is below optimum on most farms. Irish farms, especially dairy farms, are expanding and will continue to do so over the next number of years. Increasing stocking rates and more compact calving and lambing has resulted in increased spring feed demand. Extra grass needs be grown and utilised in this period to minimise the use of supplementary feed. This paper outlines the importance of grassland on Irish farms, and where farms can improve grassland management, to increase output, lower farm costs and improve further farm system sustainability.","PeriodicalId":14659,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46755808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Forecasting prices of dairy commodities – a comparison of linear and nonlinear models 乳品价格预测——线性与非线性模型的比较

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.15212/ijafr-2020-0101

B. G. Hansen

引用次数: 0

Measuring total factor productivity on Irish dairy farms: a Fisher index approach using farm-level data 衡量爱尔兰奶牛场的全要素生产率:使用农场水平数据的费舍尔指数方法

IF 1.5 4区农林科学

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research Pub Date : 2020-11-21 DOI: 10.15212/IJAFR-2020-0107

M. McCormack, F. Thorne, K. Hanrahan

{"title":"Measuring total factor productivity on Irish dairy farms: a Fisher index approach using farm-level data","authors":"M. McCormack, F. Thorne, K. Hanrahan","doi":"10.15212/IJAFR-2020-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15212/IJAFR-2020-0107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper presents a Fisher index measure of the total factor productivity (TFP) performance of Irish dairy farms over the period 2006–2016 using the Teagasc National Farm Survey (NFS) data. The removal of milk quotas in 2015 has led to an increase of over 30% in dairy cow numbers since 2010, and although suckler cow numbers have dropped slightly, the total number of cows in Ireland reached an all-time high of 2.5 million head in 2016. This large increase adds to the environmental pressures attributed to agricultural output and puts the focus firmly on how efficiently the additional agricultural output associated with higher cow numbers is produced. The primary purpose of this paper is to identify a standardised measure of the TFP performance of Irish dairy farms that can be routinely updated using Teagasc NFS data. We found that relative to 2010 the TFP of Irish dairy farms has increased by almost 18%; however, in one production year 2015, when milk quota was removed, the TFP measure increased by 7% and TFP continued to grow by 2.5% in the production year 2016. It would seem therefore that the removal of the European dairy quota system has resulted in a windfall gain for Irish dairy farmers but that productivity gains are continuing. Future data will be required to investigate the longer-term TFP performance of Irish dairy farms in the post-milk quota era.","PeriodicalId":14659,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41881479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3