Przegląd Historyczny最新文献_第3页

Stereotyp(y) Niemca/Niemiec w historiografii polskiej w latach 1945–1956

Przegląd Historyczny Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.36693/202301p.131-156

{"title":"Stereotyp(y) Niemca/Niemiec w historiografii polskiej w latach 1945–1956","authors":"","doi":"10.36693/202301p.131-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36693/202301p.131-156","url":null,"abstract":"The stereotype(s) of Germans/Germany in Polish historiography in 1945–1956\u0000\u0000Ethic stereotypes are frequently studied, although mainly by sociologists and psychologists. They are a form of social awareness usually examined in the context of large groups – societies, nations, less often social strata. In the present paper the research field has been limited to the stereotypes of Germans and Germany in Polish historiography from 1945–1956. It is an important period, because, given the dramatic situation of the war and German terror, we might expect a rise in anti-German prejudice at the time. Surprisingly, most historians from the period referred to anti-German stereotypes quite rarely and in a rather conventional manner. Very few scholars made stereotypes a category controlling their research conclusions. Ethnic generalisations included the unchanging nature of the Germans throughout history, their expansiveness, cruelty, hatred of Slavs and Poles, greed and hypocrisy, obedience to authority. A symbolic place was occupied by the Teutonic Knights and Prussians, and among individuals — by Frederick II and Otto von Bismarck. The situation changed in 1950, when the ethnic stereotypes were replaced with references to historical materialism. A vast majority of Polish historians did not accept this change in the context of German studies.","PeriodicalId":146426,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Historyczny","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133130075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Naczelnicy powiatów w Królestwie Polskim w opiniach funkcjonariuszy żandarmerii od 1867 r. do lat osiemdziesiątych XIX w.

Przegląd Historyczny Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.36693/202301p.51-82

{"title":"Naczelnicy powiatów w Królestwie Polskim w opiniach funkcjonariuszy żandarmerii od 1867 r. do lat osiemdziesiątych XIX w.","authors":"","doi":"10.36693/202301p.51-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36693/202301p.51-82","url":null,"abstract":"Heads of counties in the Kingdom of Poland in the opinion of police officers from 1867 till the 1880s\u0000\u0000The article is devoted to the activity of individuals serving as heads of counties (poviats) in the Kingdom of Poland between 1867 and the late 1870s. It features assessments of the work of all officials holding the position in 1873 and some from 1874 carried out by officers of the Warsaw Police District on the basis of overt and undercover observations in those years. The assessment reports deal not only with the officials’ professional activities, but also their family life and political attitudes, and point to various factors and phenomena contributing to the shortcomings in their work. In addition, the reports feature a lot of information provided by police officers and concerning unlawful decisions and actions of the county heads. They also mention the scale of the phenomenon and the response of the central and provincial authorities of the Kingdom to various abuses of the heads of this administrative structure. Also featured in the article is information from employees working in the police department about irregularities in the implementation of the Russian policy in the Kingdom of Poland by several of them in their professional activities, as well as about cases of inappropriate cooperation between them and their associates, especially those responsible for police and military matters. In addition, the author of the article demonstrates — from the point of view of the police — the reasons why the heads of counties did not cooperate well with the police, and presents their demands and proposals for improving the work of the county heads. The last two topics addressed in the article concern the response of the authorities of the Kingdom to various lapses and irregularities in the work of county heads and the measures taken by the Warsaw governors to improve the county heads’ professional activities, strengthen their position within the administrative system and increase their remuneration and concessions.","PeriodicalId":146426,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Historyczny","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114811066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Religion and Education in the Ancient Greek World, red. Irene Salvo, Tanja S. Scheer, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2021, ss. IX + 294 《古希腊世界的宗教与教育》，红色。Irene Salvo, Tanja S. Scheer, Mohr Siebeck, tbingen 2021, ss. IX + 294

Przegląd Historyczny Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.36693/202301p.157-159

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Piastowska korona Władysława Łokietka

Przegląd Historyczny Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.36693/202301p.1-22

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Wczesna działalność polskich komunistów w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Przypadek Daniela Elbauma

Przegląd Historyczny Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.36693/202301p.83-104

{"title":"Wczesna działalność polskich komunistów w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Przypadek Daniela Elbauma","authors":"","doi":"10.36693/202301p.83-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36693/202301p.83-104","url":null,"abstract":"Early activity of Polish communists in the United States. The case of Daniel Elbaum\u0000\u0000In the article the author discusses the American period in the activity of Daniel Elbaum, worker organiser and communist, participant in the 1905 revolution, activist of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania. After escaping from exile, in 1913 Elbaum went to the United States, where he became an activist in Polish socialist and then communist circles, campaigner for the separation of the Polish Section from the Socialist Party of America and its subsequent accession as a so-called language federation to the Communist Party USA, established in 1919. Elbaum was one of the founders of the Polish radical left in the USA. His activities in the context of the events taking place in America (explosion of political radicalism and repression against left-wing activists) first consisted in winning support for Polish communist circles, taking control of the Polish faction of the Socialist Party, then editing its periodical, Głos Robotniczy (Workers’ Voice), and participating, as a delegate from Michigan, in the founding convention of the Communist Party USA in Chicago in September 1919. Arrested in 1920 and threatened with deportation, Elbaum escaped from prison in March 1920, managing to get to Europe, where he continued his work as a communist activist. His career in the USA also illustrates the divisions among American socialists, growing role of immigrants among them and their gradual radicalisation, which eventually led to a split and the founding of the Communist Party USA.","PeriodicalId":146426,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Historyczny","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131999166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sociology in Denial: Praising Love, Ignoring Hate 否认的社会学:赞美爱，忽视恨

Przegląd Historyczny Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.36693/202204p.621-634

{"title":"Sociology in Denial: Praising Love, Ignoring Hate","authors":"","doi":"10.36693/202204p.621-634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36693/202204p.621-634","url":null,"abstract":"I argue that mainstream sociology has long denied the existence of hatred in society. Apart from Georg Simmel, the classics of sociology paid very little attention to hatred, even though, as recent developments in the sociology of emotions show, they paid considerable attention to emotions. The trend was continued with the spread of Parsonian sociology to Europe, Scandinavia and Asia after the Second World War. As the opening pages show, even today mainstream sociological discourses and surveys tend to skirt the matter. It is only on the margins, in research on discrimination and in gender, racism or post-colonial studies that we might find references to hatred, although even these seek legitimacy by analysing structures and institutions rather than hate discourses and hateful minds. This is in part due to the sociological heritage, also known as the cult of ancestors: a quick overview of well-known classical texts shows that Emile Durkheim implied or mentioned hatred when addressing revenge in simpler societies and hatred between the working and the capitalist classes in more complex, industrial societies. Max Weber underscored the role of fear and loyalty in sustaining the relations of domination. He also noticed Calvin’s hatred of all kinds of emotionality, especially one he attributed to Lutheranism. But it was Georg Simmel who defined hatred and related it to envy, jealousy, resentment and other emotions. In contrast to the intellectual trends of his time, he pinpointed positive effects of hatred, effects such as promoting individual and societal articulation, and, if regulated, advancing healthy competition and innovation.","PeriodicalId":146426,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Historyczny","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125869864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adriana Dawid, Niepolskie Opolskie. Władze polityczne i administracyjne oraz aparat bezpieczeństwa wobec proniemieckich postaw mieszkańców województwa opolskiego (1950–1956), Uniwersytet Opolski, Opole 2020 (Studia i Monografie, DLXXXV), ss. 630, il.

Przegląd Historyczny Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.36693/202204p.755-758

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Nienawiść polityczna w PRL: cztery przykłady

Przegląd Historyczny Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.36693/202204p.701-716

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Źródła do dziejów Żydów na ziemiach polskich w XIX i XX wieku (do 1939 r.): t. I: I. Chorosz, Podróż po przemysłowej strefie osiedlenia. Polski przemysł włókienniczy. Żydowskie wytwórnie i żydowscy robotnicy, tłum. Jan Szumski, wstęp i oprac. Artur Markowski, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa 2019, ss. 212; t. II: Kazania dla młodzieży żydowskiej w Galicji, wybór i oprac. Alicja Maślak-Maciejewska, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa 2021, ss. 342; t. III: Pogrom … 19 世纪和 20 世纪（至 1939 年）波兰境内犹太人历史的资料来源：第一卷：I. Chorosz，《工业定居区之旅》。波兰纺织业。犹太工厂和犹太工人》，译者：Jan Szumski，导言和译注。Jan Szumski，导言和编辑。Artur Markowski，华沙大学出版社，华沙 2019 年，第 212 页；第二卷：《犹太青年布道集》，华沙大学出版社，华沙 2019 年，第 212 页。第二卷：加利西亚犹太青年布道，选编。Alicja Maślak-Maciejewska，华沙大学出版社，华沙 2021 年，第 342 页；第 III 卷：大屠杀...III: Pogrom ...

Przegląd Historyczny Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.36693/202204p.752-754

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Ludowa reakcja na szlacheckie kłamstwo. Galicyjscy chłopi w obronie Jakuba Szeli

Przegląd Historyczny Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.36693/202204p.657-682

{"title":"Ludowa reakcja na szlacheckie kłamstwo. Galicyjscy chłopi w obronie Jakuba Szeli","authors":"","doi":"10.36693/202204p.657-682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36693/202204p.657-682","url":null,"abstract":"People’s response to the nobleman’s lie. Galician peasants in defence of Jakub Szela\u0000\u0000This article examines two different narratives (legends) that arose around the figure of Jakub Szela — one of the leaders of the peasant revolt of 1846 in Austrian Galicia. The first one, named the black legend, was fabricated by the noble family of Bogusz, who suffered severely during the peasant revolt. They placed the entire responsibility for their suffering on their subject Szela, with whom they had been in a violent legal dispute for years, and accused him of a plethora of crimes. This negative image, originating from personal hatred, became the dominant view on Szela in Polish history and literature due to a number of artists and historians who reproduced it in their writings.\u0000However, as the article demonstrates, the peasants’ view of Szela was different. In the countryside he was perceived as a hero who brought serfdom and nobility’s violence to an end. Interestingly, the white legend was not supported by the peasant movement, which was erected in Galicia at the end of the 19th century. At the time, peasant politicians followed the goal of gaining independence for Poland and raising peasants’ national consciousness, both of which stood in contradiction of the positive memory of Szela, who was perceived by the ruling class as a mass murderer. This changed in the 1930s with the radicalisation of the peasant movement’s modus operandi and fierce clashes with the government. Szela was revitalised by younger and radical politicians who needed a telling symbol of conflict between the people and the elite. He was also used as a figure for revising the history of Poland — occupied and written predominantly by the nobility. So, again Szela was used instrumentally.","PeriodicalId":146426,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Historyczny","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124338917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0