Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the Resilience of Bandar Abbas Neighborhoods against Disaster","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2765","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urban planning and urban planning activities have increased the pressure on nature and weakened its resilience, often bringing negative and even irreparable consequences. Objectives: One of the most important issues in urban management in recent years is the emergence of resilient cities. Hormozgan is one of the most important provinces of the country, and Bandar Abbas, in the center of this province, is considered one of the major coastal cities of Iran from a national point of view. Methods: To identify and examine the resilience of Bandar Abbas against environmental crises, based on which an information base was created, the place and spatial information of this database was prepared in 5 criteria and 29 sub-criteria. They include 1. socio-economic criteria, 2. structural criteria, 3. access criteria, 4. physical criteria, and 5. Ecological criteria. In the next step, to weigh and value the research criteria and sub-criteria in the resilience model of Bandar Abbas, the network analysis method (ANP) was used. In this model, the first 50 questionnaires were prepared by the Delphi method and distributed among experts in the field of environment and disaster management. Results: The findings of this study indicated that the weight and value of ecological, socio-economic, physical, accessibility, and physical-structural criteria in resilience were 0.256, 0.236, 0.194, 0.171, and 0.141, respectively. Among the ecological criteria, the sub-criterion of distance from polluted points, the socio-economic criterion, the sub-criterion of access to medical-health centers, the sub-criterion of access to medical-health centers, among the physical-structural criteria, flood risk sub-criterion, and functional zone sub-criterion, and among access criteria, the sub-criterion of access to the fire station obtained the highest values in resilience. Conclusion: Environmental crises, such as earthquakes, floods, accidents, air pollution, and storms, have resulted in the environmental vulnerability of the city and posed serious threats to the security of Bandar Abbas. A thorough understanding of the vulnerability of Bandar Abbas against urban environmental crises will enable policymakers to propose management solutions to reduce vulnerability and risk and increase resilience. Consequently, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the resilience of Bandar Abbas against environmental crises. The results of this study can be of great help in the decision-making of city managers and the lives of city residents.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Lower Urinary Symptoms Following Vaginal Reconstructive Surgery for Prolapse and Urinary Incontinence","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.2793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.9.2793","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) may be associated with symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) that may persist after anti-incontinence surgery. Objectives: The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of prolapse and anti-incontinence reconstructive surgery in women who had the symptoms of OAB and UI at the same time. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 56 women with OAB symptoms and stress UI (SUI)/urgency UI (UUI) with or without prolapse who were candidates for restorative and anti-incontinence surgery. At baseline, urinary symptoms, including urinary frequency, nocturia, SUI, and UUI, were recorded. Patients who finally underwent vaginal reconstructive surgery with anti-incontinence surgery were assessed for urinary symptoms six months after the operation. Results: A total of 28 patients underwent transobturator tape (TOT) surgery, of whom 23 patients were subjected to other anti-incontinence surgeries and 5 patients underwent restorative surgeries. There was no significant difference between the two groups (TOT and others) in terms of age, body mass index, number of deliveries, history of medical problems, and history of surgery or cesarean section. The urinary frequency and nocturia before surgery were observed in 46 (82%) and 20 (36%) patients, respectively, which were not significantly different between the two groups. Before the study, occult UI was observed in 2 patients (4%), UUI in 3 patients (5%), SUI in 18 patients (32%), and mixed UI in 33 patients (59%). Nocturia was completely improved in all 20 patients. Urinary frequency was partially or completely improved in 41 patients (89%), which was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.051). Overall, 53 patients (95%) had partial or complete improvement in UI, which was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.058). Both patients with occult UI and all three patients with UUI were completely improved. Sixteen out of 18 patients (89%) with SUI were completely improved and the other 2 patients were partially improved. Thirty patients (91%) with mixed UI had a complete or partial recovery that was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.137). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that six months after anti-incontinence or reconstructive surgery, nocturia in all patients and urinary frequency in 89% of patients improved partially or completely. Various forms of UI partially or completely improved in 95% of patients, as well.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cancer Stem Cell on Cardio-toxicity: Molecular Mechanism and Future Approach","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2633","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A rise in the cancer rate causes an increase in the occurrence of cardio-toxic complications while using chemotherapy drugs. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cell masses resistant to cancer treatment which escape from cell death by changing signaling pathways. Therefore, increasing the dosage of chemotherapy drugs increases the damage to the heart tissue and the consequences of cardio-toxicity. Investigating the signaling pathways responsible for the survival of CSCs through changing the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and apoptosis, and the effect of these factors on cardiomyocytes at the molecular level can provide a more detailed view of how the cardiotoxicity process works. Among the important signaling pathways involved in the cardiotoxicity process, through the three processes of increasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, we can mention Notch, pI3K/AKT, wnt signaling pathways, and NF-kB. This approach can suggest therapeutic methods capable of destroying CSCs with less cardiotoxicity effects. Conclusion: Finally, as a hypothesis, it can be said that effective factors on the survival of CSCs can influence the cardio-toxicity by impacting ROS, inflammation, and apoptosis process.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Self-perineal Care Education using a Mobile Application on Knowledge and Practice of Perineal Care among Primigravida Mothers: A Quasi-Experimental Study","authors":"","doi":"10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.8.2545","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Poor self-perineal care (SPC) by new mothers due to inadequate knowledge can result in perineal pain and poor wound healing outcome. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of self-perineal care education on knowledge and practice among primigravida mothers in Malaysia. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in two public tertiary care hospitals from September 2019 to March 2020. In total, 125 mothers were recruited using consecutive sampling procedures from two tertiary care hospitals. The intervention group consisted of 62 mothers who received SPC education supplemented by the mobile app, while the other 63 mothers in the control group received only routine hospital care. The knowledge of mothers regarding SPC was assessed at 32 to 33 weeks of gestation and then at 4 h post-delivery. The mothers of both groups reported their perineal care practices on Day 1, Day 3, Day 5, and Day 7 post-childbirth using the SPC education mobile app. Results: There was no significant difference in the SPC knowledge scores between the two groups at baseline (P=0.155). Post-analysis showed a significant increase in the SPC knowledge score in the intervention group (P<0.001) but not in the control group (P=0.133). At all-time points, the mothers in the intervention group performed better SPC practice than those in the control group (P<0.001). There were significant associations between changes in knowledge and practice on all four days (P<0.001). Conclusion: The increased knowledge of SPC was significantly associated with improved SPC practice among the primipara mothers postnatally.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139370585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Alert for Otolaryngologists: Earache May be the Early Signs of COVID-19","authors":"S. Miri, M. Ajalloueyan","doi":"10.5812/ircmj.103836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.103836","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is infecting as fast as possible in more than 200 countries and creating the most horrible domino-like demolition ever seen. From its beginning in Wuhan, China, the SARS-CoV-2 infected the similar groups of 100,000 patients in 67, 11, 4, and 2 days. Healthcare workers are in the frontline of attacking by SARS-CoV-2, especially those who are in close contact with upper respiratory mucosa like otolaryngologists. Objectives: To describe ear pain as one of the first clinical manifestations of COVID-19, we present two cases of a family (a mother and her daughter) with a positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19 who presented earache as their first symptoms. Case Presentation: The first case was a 32 years old female patient (stewardess of an international airline, Tehran, Iran) was labeled as at risk due to her air flight to China in Dec 2019. She was first admitted for moderate ear pain in her left ear with mild itching of the external ear to an otolaryngology outpatient clinic by a general practitioner. After 7 days, her test for RT-PCR against COVID-19 was positive. No lung involvement was reported by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax. Another case was her mother who were in close contact with each other and experienced severe ear pain after 7 days. She acquired mild COVID-19 symptoms with anosmia was a positive test result for COVID-19. Conclusions: The earache must be considered as their first clinical symptoms during the early phase of the coronavirus outbreak. It seems that local and international scientific groups of otolaryngologists must prepare their national guidelines to protect their practitioners against COVID-19 based on practical strategies. Using personal protective equipment is of utmost importance in reducing the risk of nosocomial infection among otolaryngologists.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety Treatment by Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Patients With Myocardial Infarction","authors":"Mohammad Moradi, Reza Zeighami, Mohammad Behnam Moghadam, Hamid Javadi, Mahmood Alipor","doi":"10.5812/ircmj.27368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.27368","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anxiety after myocardial infarction is a very common problem leading to an increase in complications and hospitalization length. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate a 12-month follow-up of the effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on anxiety levels in myocardial patients. Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical trial study. Sixty myocardial patients were selected using convenience random sampling and divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n = 30) received EMDR in two 45 - 90 sessions. No treatment was given to the control group (n = 30). The instrument for collecting data in this study was the Beck anxiety inventory which was completed in both groups in three steps: before and after intervention, and at the end of a 12-month follow-up period. Results: The findings collected during the 12-month follow-up indicated that EMDR was effective for treating anxiety in myocardial patients. Conclusions: EMDR is an effective tool for curing or decreasing the level of anxiety in myocardial patients.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147882843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNAi-Mediated Knockdown of Skp2 Inhibits Human Bladder Cancer Proliferation and Invasion in T24 Cells","authors":"Songtao Xu, Junping Xiong, Guo-Jian Gu, Meng Song, Yongchao Ma","doi":"10.5812/ircmj.28947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.28947","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Skp2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 is overexpressed in many kinds of cancers, and is related to the occurrence and development of tumors. The molecular mechanism of Skp2 in the regulation of bladder cancer cell biological behavior after Skp2 expression knockdown, however, has remained unknown. Objectives: In our present studies (experimental cytobiological studies, we used an RNAi approach to knock down Skp2 expression, and studied its impact on cell proliferation and invasion of T24 cells. Materials and Methods: The expression of the Skp2 gene was knocked down by RNA interference (RNAi) in T24 cells. The transcription level of Skp2 was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. The expression of Skp2, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and p27 (p27Kip1) were measured by western blot assay. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry. Cell invasion analysis was performed by a matrigel transwell assay. We also detected the level of MMP2 (metalloproteinase-2) and MMP9 (metalloproteinase-9) in cell culture medium by ELISA. Results: The levels of Skp2 mRNA in the negative control group (0.911 ± 0.073) and the blank control group (0.940 ± 0.046) was significantly higher than Skp2 RNAi group (0.185 ± 0.033) (P < 0.001). The levels of Skp2 protein in the negative control group (0.907 ± 0.049) and the blank control group (0.925 ± 0.042) was significantly higher than Skp2 RNAi group (0.220 ± 0.047) (P < 0.001). The proliferation and invasion of T24 cells were significantly inhibited in vitro upon Skp2 RNAi treatment. Conclusions: The proliferation and invasion of human bladder cancer cells can be inhibited by RNAi-targeting Skp2. As a result, Skp2 may be a potential target for gene therapy in cases of human bladder cancer.","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Patterns of Young Females and Their Association With Waist Circumference as a Health Index in Northwest of Iran, 2007.","authors":"Mohammad Alizadeh,&nbsp;Alireza Didarloo,&nbsp;Ahmad Esmaillzadeh","doi":"10.5812/ircmj.17(5)2015.17594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.17(5)2015.17594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among young people in western countries, the 50th and 95th percentile ranks for waist circumference in the Iranian young Females are higher than those of the western ones.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Identifying major dietary patterns in Iranian young females, which associate with central obesity, can probably explain the difference between Iranian young females' pattern and those of their western peers regarding obesity.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In the current cross-sectional study, a total of 257 young females aged 11 - 15 years old from Talaat Intelligent Guidance School, Tabriz, Iran (2007) were selected for the study using non-probability simple sampling method. Then, usual dietary intakes of all subjects were evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, waist circumference, and Body Mass Index (BMI) using the standard protocols. Data were analyzed by inferential statistics (One-way ANOVA, Tukey test for Post-Hoc Analysis, Chi-square test, age-adjusted means, analysis of covariance with Bonferroni correction, correlation and partial correlation) by SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the current study, six major dietary patterns were extracted using factor analysis method. Before and after controlling the age, subjects in the upper tertile of the Iranian Central Obesity Making Dietary Pattern (rich in cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, soft drinks, tomatoes, other vegetables and vegetable oils) had larger waist circumference in comparison with the ones in the lower tertile (before controlling for age: 64.2 ± 9 vs. 61.6 ± 7 P = 0.03; after: 64.5 ± 0.8 vs. 61.5 ± 0.8, P = 0.009). However in lacto vegetarian dietary pattern (rich in legumes, potato, other vegetables, dough, high-fat dairy products and margarine), individuals in the upper tertile had significantly lower weight, waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) in comparison with the ones in the lower tertile (weight: 44.9 ± 9.3 vs. 51.4 ± 10.6, P < 0.01; WC: 59.9 ± 8 vs. 64 ± 7.9, P < 0.01; BMI: 18.6 ± 3.1 vs. 20.6 ± 3.5, P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study findings suggest that the Iranian Central Obesity Making Dietary Pattern is directly associated with waist circumference (marker of central obesity), while lacto vegetarian dietary pattern is reversely associated with weight, waist circumference and BMI. Special obesity pattern in Iranian young females can be justified by Iranian Central Obesity Making Dietary Pattern\".</p>","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e17594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4d/00/ircmj-17-05-17594.PMC4464382.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34209418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Superior Vena Cava Syndromes Due to Substernal Goitre in a Patient With Respiratory Failure: A Case Report.","authors":"Mehtap Tunc,&nbsp;Hilal Sazak,&nbsp;Bulent Karlilar,&nbsp;Fatma Ulus,&nbsp;Irfan Tastepe","doi":"10.5812/ircmj.17(5)2015.18342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.17(5)2015.18342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Substernal goiter may rarely cause superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) owing to venous compression, and cause acute respiratory failure due to tracheal compression. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may rarely occur when there is a narrowing of upper airway by edema and vascular congestion resulting from SVCS.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We presented the clinical course and treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF) developed in a patient with SVCS and OSAS due to substernal goiter. After treatment of ARF with invasive mechanical ventilation, weaning and total thyroidectomy were successfully performed through collar incision and median sternotomy without complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our case showed that if the respiratory failure occurred due to substernal goiter and SVCS, we would need to investigate the coexistence of OSAS and SVCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e18342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/86/11/ircmj-17-05-18342.PMC4464379.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34209421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snoezelen Room and Childbirth Outcome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Mansoureh Jamshidi Manesh,&nbsp;Mahnaz Kalati,&nbsp;Fatemeh Hosseini","doi":"10.5812/ircmj.17(5)2015.18373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.17(5)2015.18373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the strategies for a good outcome and pain free childbearing is to design the delivery room.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of snoezelen room on childbearing outcome such as pain intensity, duration of labor, and perinea status in nulliparous women.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial consists of 100 childbearing women. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group went to snoezelen room when their cervix dilation was 4 cm, while the control group went to physiologic delivery room with the same cervix dilation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ± SD of VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) pain intensity of the experimental and control groups before the intervention were 5.1 ± 1.95 and 5.58 ± 1.62, respectively (P = 0.13). The mean ± SD of VAS pain intensity scores of the experimental and control groups after 3 hours spending in their assigned rooms were 5.26 ± 0.86 and 9.56 ± 1.48, respectively (P = 0.01). The mean ± SD of the first stage scores of the experimental and control groups were 6.95 ± 0.97 and 8.41 ± 0.67, respectively (P = 0.042). About 92% of participants' intervention vs. 66% of control participants had perinea laceration (P = 0.041).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the findings of the present study, distracting senses in snoezelen room decreases mother's pain intensity, the length of labor, and incidence of episiotomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14628,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e18373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5812/ircmj.17(5)2015.18373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34209423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}