{"title":"Synthesis and Properties of Optically Active X-Shaped Compounds With Electron-Withdrawing Groups Based on Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane","authors":"Hikari Harada, Kazunori Okamoto, Yasuhiro Morisaki","doi":"10.1002/asia.70891","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asia.70891","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we report a systematic investigation of substituent-controlled chiroptical properties in planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane-based X-shaped π-conjugated systems bearing CF<sub>3</sub>, CN, and NO<sub>2</sub> groups. Despite nearly identical absorption maxima, the derivatives exhibit markedly different circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) responses. The CN derivative, possessing moderate charge-transfer (CT) character, exhibits the highest |<i>g</i><sub>abs</sub>| and |<i>g</i><sub>lum</sub>| values. In contrast, the strongly electron-withdrawing NO<sub>2</sub> substituent substantially stabilizes the LUMO and enhances excited-state interactions, leading to reduced rotational strength and facilitated nonradiative decay. Solvent-dependent emission studies further reveal excited-state switching between locally excited (LE) and CT-dominated configurations in the NO<sub>2</sub> derivative. Notably, the NO<sub>2</sub> derivative exhibits crystallization-induced emission enhancement (CIEE), resulting in a marked increase in emission efficiency.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":145,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - An Asian Journal","volume":"21 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148589501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selective C70 Recognition by a Rigid Porphyrin–Carbazole Cavitand","authors":"Mohini Mittal, Sameeksha Agrawal, Pradip Kumar Mondal, Jeyaraman Sankar","doi":"10.1002/asia.70902","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asia.70902","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The development of novel molecular receptors exhibiting strong noncovalent interactions with fullerenes is of significant importance for various applications, particularly in fullerene separation. In this study, two new co-facial porphyrin dimers are presented that demonstrate strong affinities for C<sub>70</sub>. Notably, both the open and closed conformations of these receptors exhibit similar binding affinities and show selectivity toward the larger fullerene, even in the presence of substantial amounts of C<sub>60</sub>. Spectroscopic investigations indicate that the binding mechanism is predominantly governed by van der Waals interactions and the structural flexibility of the host in solution, instead of the volume or geometry of the host cavity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":145,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - An Asian Journal","volume":"21 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148589391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to “Synthesis of a C-2 Functionalized L-Iduronic Acid Derivative as a Candidate Pharmacological Chaperone for MPS II (Hunter Syndrome)”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/asia.70907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.70907","url":null,"abstract":"<p>V. Nagendra, S. Mohamed, N. W. See, et al., “Synthesis of a C-2 Functionalized L-Iduronic Acid Derivative as a Candidate Pharmacological Chaperone for MPS II (Hunter Syndrome),” <i>Chemistry –An Asian Journal</i> 21 (2026): e70823. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.70823.</p><p>The NMR spectroscopic data for compound <b>10</b> were misinterpreted and thus the depicted structure is incorrect. This has necessitated the correction of (i) the paragraph at the bottom of page 3 of the manuscript; (ii) the structure of compound <b>10</b> in Scheme 2; (iii) the NMR assignments for compound <b>10</b> in the experimental section; and (iv) the structures of compound <b>10</b> in the NMR spectra in Supporting Information, along with the addition of the HMBC spectrum of <b>10</b> which confirms the correct assignment.</p><p>The corrected paragraph should read:</p><p>In order to functionalize C-2 of derivative <b>8</b> via the HWE reaction, the oxidation of the alcohol at C-2 to the corresponding ketone was required. The oxidation proved more challenging than anticipated and was plagued by competing side reactions, summarized in Table 1. When alcohol <b>8</b> was subjected to Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP) oxidation, elimination product <b>10</b> was isolated as the major product (61%) (Scheme 2). The <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of <b>10</b> showed H-4 as a 2.0 Hz doublet at δ 5.80, which is much further downfield compared with that of <b>8</b>. H-5 was seen as a doublet of doublet of doublets at δ 4.73 with coupling of 4.0 Hz (<i>J</i><sub>5,6a</sub>) and 5.8 Hz (<i>J</i><sub>5,6b</sub>) to the H-6 protons, and H-3 was absent. In addition, the lack of one set of aromatic signals and the benzylidene acetal proton confirmed the loss of the benzylidene group. The <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectrum for compound <b>10</b> showed a carbonyl peak at δ 184.3, typical of an α,β-unsaturated ketone. The NMR data also closely matched that reported by Deloisy et al. [1] for the C-5 epimer of <b>10</b>. Finally, the assignments were confirmed by HSQC and HMBC measurements (see Supporting Information).</p><p>The corrected Scheme 2 is below:</p><p></p><p>The corrected experimental for compound <b>10</b> is below:</p><p>Ketone 10</p><p>To a solution of the alcohol <b>8</b> (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (5 mL) under an argon atmosphere was added DMP (127 mg, 0.3 mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. A solution of sat. Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (5 mL) and sat. Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (5 mL) was then added to the reaction mixture and stirred at r.t. until all the precipitate dissolved. The organic layer was then extracted, and the aqueous layer was back-extracted with DCM (2 × 10 mL). The combined organic layer was dried (MgSO<sub>4</sub>), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (hexane/ETOAc, 1:1) to give <i>ketone</i> <b>10</b> (40 mg, 61%) as a colorless oil, <i>R</i><sub>f</sub","PeriodicalId":145,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - An Asian Journal","volume":"21 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asia.70907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanistic Insights on Fe(II)-Catalyzed Depolymerization of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) by Transesterification","authors":"Miki Toyoda, Kyoko Takeuchi, Kazuki Yamada, Nobuyuki Komine, Takato Mitsudome, Sho Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Hirano, Kotohiro Nomura, Masafumi Hirano","doi":"10.1002/asia.70898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.70898","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET: pellets) by transesterification in renewable EtOH has been achieved using a much greener Fe(II) catalyst system. FeCl<sub>2</sub> in combination with 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) efficiently converts PET into diethyl terephthalate (DET) and ethylene glycol (EG) at 180°C within 2 h under neutral conditions. Kinetic profiling reveals a distinct induction period followed by sigmoidal product formation, indicating in situ generation of the catalytically active species. Pulverization of PET markedly accelerates depolymerization, consistent with a surface-dominated process. To elucidate the catalyst speciation during the reaction, solid- and solution-phase X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis was conducted in conjunction with FEFF fitting and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was determined that the semi-infinite solid-state structure of FeCl<sub>2</sub>(μ<sup>2</sup>-dppe) transforms into a mononuclear tetrahedral [FeCl<sub>2</sub>(dppe)] complex upon dissolution in EtOH. Under depolymerization conditions, the iron center undergoes ligand exchange to generate Fe-alkoxide-containing species, for which [Fe(OEt)<sub>2</sub>(dppe)] provides the best structural model based on EXAFS fitting. These results highlight the dynamic nature of Fe(II) catalysts in alcoholysis of PET and support the key role of the in situ iron alkoxide formation in promoting efficient transesterification-based chemical recycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":145,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - An Asian Journal","volume":"21 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asia.70898","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cyclization Matters: Structure–Property Relationship in π-Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Macrocycle Versus Its Linear Analogue","authors":"Deepak Kumar, Kirandeep Kaur, Phani Kumar Kodali, Surya Prakash Singh","doi":"10.1002/asia.70901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.70901","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Macrocyclic architectures are powerful platforms for tuning optoelectronic and host–guest properties through controlled structural modifications. In this work, a linear donor–acceptor (D–A) fluorophore (CFC-M) and its macrocyclic analogue (CFC-CD), both synthesized from carbazole and fluorenone units, were investigated to uncover how molecular engineering reshapes optical and supramolecular behavior. Both CFC-M and CFC-CD acted as hosts to form stable 1:1 complexes with C<sub>60</sub>, with CFC-CD exhibiting a higher binding affinity towards C<sub>60</sub>, with a binding constant of 3.74 × 10<sup>5</sup> M<sup>−1</sup> than CFC-M (2.18 × 10<sup>5</sup> M<sup>−1</sup>)..</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":145,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - An Asian Journal","volume":"21 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Artificial Anion Channel Based on Supramolecular Calix[4]Pyrrole and Its Application as an Anti-Cancer Agent","authors":"Hidekazu Miyaji, Yuki Shiozawa, Takahiro Matsubara, Tomoyoshi Terada, Yoshinori Muto","doi":"10.1002/asia.70905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.70905","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <i>cis</i>-dipyridylcalix[4]pyrrole palladium(II) complex (<b><i>cis</i>-DPC+Pd<sup>2+</sup></b>) forms a cage-like supramolecular structure that functions as an ion channel, as evidenced by the single ion channel current observations. A lucigenin fluorescence assay revealed that <b><i>cis</i>-DPC+Pd<sup>2+</sup></b> transports chloride across membranes. The HPTS fluorescence assay revealed that <b><i>cis</i>-DPC+Pd<sup>2+</sup></b> selectively transports fluoride and chloride. In a cell proliferation assay using THP-1 cells, the cell survival rate with <b><i>cis</i>-DPC+Pd<sup>2+</sup></b> was lower than that with <b><i>trans</i>-DPC</b> or <b><i>trans</i>-DPC+Pd<sup>2+</sup></b>. These results suggest that <b><i>cis</i>-DPC+Pd<sup>2+</sup></b> causes cell death by forming supramolecular pores, allowing the passage of increased numbers of ions.</p>","PeriodicalId":145,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - An Asian Journal","volume":"21 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asia.70905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongquan Zhang, Bo Sun, Shuo Fan, Lin Bo, Yuxin Tang, Yue Zhang, Changhai Zhang, Tiandong Zhang
{"title":"Enhancing Mechanical and Ionic Transport Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Electrolytes Through Zinc Ion-Regulated Zeolite Structure","authors":"Yongquan Zhang, Bo Sun, Shuo Fan, Lin Bo, Yuxin Tang, Yue Zhang, Changhai Zhang, Tiandong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/asia.70900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.70900","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To overcome the inherent limitations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogel electrolytes—including insufficient mechanical strength, low ionic conductivity, and poor cyclic stability—we report a controlled synthesis strategy. By adjusting the precursor stirring temperature and replacing it with Zn<sup>2+</sup>, we succeeded in creating a uniformly sized, evenly distributed zeolite nanofiller. Zn<sup>2+</sup> doping induces local lattice shrinkage and surface roughening, thereby enhancing the specific surface area, optimizing pore size distribution, and constructing efficient ion transport pathways. When ZnA zeolite was doped into PVA hydrogels, the modified zeolite forms a robust interface with the polymer matrix, significantly improving mechanical flexibility and electrochemical properties. At an optimal load of 10 wt% (PZ-10), the hydrogel strain was 130.7% and the ionic conductivity was 16.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup>—2.2 times higher than that of the undoped control (PZ-0). When assembled as an electrolyte in a zinc-ion hybrid capacitor, PZ-10 has an initial specific capacity of 101 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> and retains 85.3% of its capacity after 1000 cycles, a 7.8% improvement over PZ-0. This work provides a scalable strategy for high-performance hydrogel electrolyte engineering, and PZ-10 shows great potential in flexible energy storage applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":145,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - An Asian Journal","volume":"21 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rational Design of Atomically Dispersed Catalysts for the Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Yufang Wang, Qian Bai, Shuai Jiang, Runmin Li, Zhiyi Sun, Xiaolu Ma, Huishan Shang, Wenxing Chen","doi":"10.1002/asia.70890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.70890","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atomically dispersed catalysts (ADCs), including single-atom catalysts (SACs), dual-atom catalysts (DACs), and metal cluster catalysts, have revolutionized the design of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts by achieving precise atomic-level control over active sites. This review summarizes the structural evolution, interfacial electronic coupling mechanisms, and synergistic effects that enhance OER efficiency. SACs maximize atomic utilization and offer tunable coordination environments; DACs introduce bimetallic electronic synergy to optimize intermediate adsorption, and clusters provide multicenter cooperative catalysis with molecular-like delocalization. Strategies such as dynamic coordination reconstruction, heterostructure engineering, and interfacial electric field modulation are discussed for improving intrinsic activity and stability. Insights from in situ characterizations and theoretical simulations elucidate the relationships between structure and performance, providing design guidance for next-generation catalysts. This work highlights the potential of atomically engineered systems to achieve scalable, cost-effective, and high-efficiency OER catalysis for sustainable energy conversion.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":145,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - An Asian Journal","volume":"21 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sakshi, Aaditya, Ghaida H. Munshi, Hanan I. Alsharif, Alaa A. Saqer, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Elham A. Alzahrani, Shafiul Haque, Sharf Ilahi Siddiqui
{"title":"ZnO Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review of Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Multifaceted Applications","authors":"Sakshi, Aaditya, Ghaida H. Munshi, Hanan I. Alsharif, Alaa A. Saqer, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Elham A. Alzahrani, Shafiul Haque, Sharf Ilahi Siddiqui","doi":"10.1002/asia.70892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.70892","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most actively investigated metal oxide nanomaterials, owing to their wide direct bandgap (3.37 eV), high exciton binding energy (60 meV), tunable morphology, and dose-dependent biocompatibility. Although numerous reviews catalogue ZnO synthesis routes, a critical, parameter-resolved comparison of conventional and green approaches, explicitly linked to application performance, remains scarce. This review addresses that gap by integrating, within a single framework: (i) a comparative analysis of physical, chemical, and biological synthesis routes; (ii) a parameter-by-parameter discussion (precursor, pH, temperature, calcination, phytochemical fingerprint) of how reaction variables govern crystallite size, defect chemistry, surface charge, and bandgap; (iii) structure–property–activity correlations linking morphology, oxygen-vacancy density, and Zn<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup>- release kinetics to photocatalytic, antimicrobial, anticancer, drug-delivery, and agricultural performance; and (iv) a four-pillar roadmap (reproducibility, scalability, regulation, and toxicity) toward industrially viable, regulation-compliant ZnO NPs. Critical evaluation of recent studies shows that plant- and microbe-mediated routes yield wurtzite ZnO NPs of 5–50 nm, achieving 80%–99% dye-degradation and antimicrobial activity matching or exceeding chemical counterparts, provided batch reproducibility and dose-controlled biosafety are addressed. Claims of “non-toxicity” are qualified throughout by dose, particle size, and exposure conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":145,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - An Asian Journal","volume":"21 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to “Inter- and Intramolecular (4+3) Cycloadditions With Epoxy Allylsilanes as Dienophiles”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/asia.70893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.70893","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Q. H. Teo, Y. Zhou, E. H. Krenske, and P. Chiu, “Inter- and Intramolecular (4+3) Cycloadditions With Epoxy Allylsilanes as Dienophiles,” <i>Chemistry – An Asian Journal</i> 21, no. 7 (2026): e70708. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.70708.</p><p>In the originally published article, “Inter- and Intramolecular (4+3) Cycloadditions with Epoxy Allylsilanes as Dienophiles”, Dr. Zengsheng Yin was inadvertently omitted from the author list. The revised version of the article has the updated and corrected list of authors as shown below.</p><p>Qin Han Teo<sup>1</sup>, Zengsheng Yin<sup>1</sup>, Yuchen Zhou<sup>2</sup>, Elizabeth H. Krenske<sup>2,*</sup>, Pauline Chiu<sup>1,*</sup></p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":145,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - An Asian Journal","volume":"21 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asia.70893","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}