Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research最新文献

{"title":"Simultaneous Screening of Nitrofuran Metabolites in Honey Using Biochip Array Technology: Validation Study According to the Decision 2002/657/EC of the European Union.","authors":"Hassan Yazdanpanah,&nbsp;Mahraz Osouli,&nbsp;Jamshid Salamzadeh,&nbsp;Zakieh Karimi,&nbsp;Elham Rashidi,&nbsp;Ali Borhan,&nbsp;Alireza Yazdanpanah,&nbsp;Samira Eslamizad","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-129432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-129432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although no authorization is available for antibiotics to treat bee diseases, some veterinary compounds are used by beekeepers, and each country sets its own thresholds. Inappropriate and excessive use of these drugs can cause allergic reactions and antibiotic resistance in humans who consume the remaining antibiotic residues in honey and its products. It is, therefore, relevant to monitor the presence of antibiotic residues in this matrix.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A rapid method for the simultaneous screening of nitrofuran metabolite residues in honey was validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC (C.D 657) and the European guideline for the validation of screening methods for veterinary medicines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multi-analytical screening method enables the simultaneous determination of four nitrofuran metabolites [3-amino-2-oxazolidone (AOZ), 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), 1-Aminohydantoin HCl (ADH), and semicarbazide (SEC)] from a single honey sample. Thirty-five honey samples were collected randomly as real samples for screening from Tehran, IR Iran, Germany, and the Netherlands in 2018.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For all four antibiotic residues, the positivity threshold T was higher than the cut-off value Fm, and no false-positive results were obtained for three antibiotics (AOZ, AMOZ, and SEC). Detection capabilities (CCβ) of all compounds were under the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) authorized by the European Commission (currently 1 μg/kg). The screening results of 15 domestic and 20 imported honey samples showed that the levels of AOZ in 6.66% and 10% of the samples, the level of AMOZ in 13.33% and 0% of the samples, and the level of SEC in 33.33% and 40% of the samples were less than the cut-off ([in relative light units (RLUs)], respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that this technique is valid for detecting and quantifying three antibiotic residues in honey samples at the measured validation levels. This method was simple, rapid, and capable of simultaneously screening three nitrofuran metabolites from a single honey sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"e129432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/81/77/ijpr-21-1-129432.PMC10024329.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9163587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amelioratory Effect of Melatonin on Cognition Dysfunction Induced by Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Aged Mice.","authors":"Qihong Shen,&nbsp;Yanyu Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Jia,&nbsp;Xuyan Zhou,&nbsp;Qing-He Zhou","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-133971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-133971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) can be described as a clinical phenomenon characterized by cognitive impairment in patients, particularly elderly patients, after anesthesia and surgery. Researchers have focused on the probable effect of general anesthesia drugs on cognitive functioning status in older adults. Melatonin is an indole-type neuroendocrine hormone with broad biological activity and potent anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects. This study investigated the effects of melatonin on cognitive behavior in aged mice anesthetized with sevoflurane. In addition, melatonin's molecular mechanism was determined.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of melatonin against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 94 aged C57BL/6J mice were categorized into different groups, namely control (control + melatonin (10 mg/kg)), sevoflurane (sevoflurane + melatonin (10 mg/kg)), sevoflurane + melatonin (10 mg/kg) + phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) inhibitor LY294002 (30 mg/kg), and sevoflurane + melatonin (10 mg/kg) + mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor (10 mg/kg). The open field and Morris water maze tests were utilized to assess the neuroprotective effects of melatonin on sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged mice. The expression levels of the apoptosis-linked proteins, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain's hippocampus region were determined using the Western blotting technique. The apoptosis of the hippocampal neurons was observed using the hematoxylin and eosin staining technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neurological deficits in aged, sevoflurane-exposed mice were significantly decreased after melatonin treatment. Mechanistically, melatonin treatment restored sevoflurane-induced down-regulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR expression and significantly attenuated sevoflurane-induced apoptotic cells and neuroinflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study have highlighted the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment via regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which might be effective in the clinical treatment of elderly patients with anesthesia-induced POCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"e133971"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2f/41/ijpr-21-1-133971.PMC9990511.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9438273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of SPRA Technology for Delivery of Erythropoietin: Stability Evaluation of Conjugated Erythropoietin with Adamantane and in SPRA Inclusion Complex.","authors":"Bahareh Alizadeh,&nbsp;Afshin Zarghi,&nbsp;Arash Mahboubi,&nbsp;Reza Aboofazeli","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-134282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-134282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As a widely used therapeutic protein, recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is currently one of the most effective biopharmaceuticals on the market for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic renal disease. Increasing in vivo rhEPO half-life and its bioactivity is a significant challenge. It was hypothesized that the application of self-assembly PEGylation retaining activity, named supramolecular (SPRA) technology, could prolong the protein half-life without a significant loss of bioactivity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the stability of rhEPO during synthetic reactions, including the conjugation with adamantane and the formation of the SPRA complex. To do this, the secondary structure of the protein was also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FTIR, ATR-FTIR, Far-UV-CD, and SDS-PAGE methods were employed. Thermal stability studies of SPRA-rhEPO complex and rhEPO were investigated at 37°C for ten days using a nanodrop spectrophotometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The secondary structure of lyophilized rhEPO, AD-rhEPO, and rhEPO (pH 8) was compared to rhEPO. Results showed that the secondary structure of the protein was unaffected by lyophilization, pH change, and the formation of covalent bonds in conjugation reaction. SPRA-rhEPO complex was also stable for seven days in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37°C.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was concluded that the stability of rhEPO could increase by complexation using SPRA technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"e134282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5e/5c/ijpr-21-1-134282.PMC9990512.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9454824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Effects of Melatonin on Sleep Disorders in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Patients.","authors":"Faezeh Feizabadi,&nbsp;Atefeh Abedini,&nbsp;Jamshid Salamzadeh,&nbsp;Saghar Barati,&nbsp;Farzaneh Dastan","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-132168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-132168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The symptoms of pulmonary sarcoidosis may lead to fatigue, excessive daytime sleepiness, poor sleep quality, and a decrease in quality of life in these patients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral melatonin on sleep disorders of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized, single-blinded clinical trial was conducted on patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Eligible patients were randomly allocated into melatonin and control groups. Patients in the melatonin group were given 3 mg melatonin one hour before bedtime for three months. Sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, fatigue status, and quality of life were assessed applying General Sleep Disturbance Scale (GSDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), respectively, as well as the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) scores at the baseline and three months after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant change in the GSDS (P < 0.001), PSQI (P < 0.001), ESS (P = 0.002), and FAS (P < 0.001) scores, which were decreased, compared to those of the control group. After intervention¸ global physical health and global mental health raw scores were improved comparing to the control group (P = 0.006, P = 0.02, respectively). The 12-item Short Form Survey evaluation showed that there was a significant difference between the melatonin (3.38 ± 4.61) and control (0.55 ± 7.25) groups in PCS-12 score after three months of therapy (P = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings showed that supplemental melatonin could significantly improve sleep problems, quality of life, and excessive daytime sleepiness in sarcoidosis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"e132168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/9a/ijpr-21-1-132168.PMC9990518.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9454825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daurisoline Inhibiting Tumor Angiogenesis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Bladder Cancer by Mediating HAKAI Protein Stability.","authors":"Keming Huang,&nbsp;Qingke Chen,&nbsp;Ling Deng,&nbsp;Qi Zou,&nbsp;Sufang Min","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-129798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-129798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Daurisoline can suppress the development of liver and lung cancers, but its effect on bladder cancer has not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study probed into the mechanism underlying the effects of daurisoline on angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in bladder cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tissue samples were taken from 40 patients with bladder cancer to analyze the expression of HAKAI and the relationship between HAKAI expression and patient survival. After the gain of function of HAKAI and/or treatment with daurisoline or heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor geldanamycin, bladder cancer cells were collected for western blot detection of EMT-related proteins and transwell invasion assay. Tube formation assay assessed the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in a conditioned medium of bladder cancer cells. The relationships between daurisoline, HSP90, HAKAI, and E-cadherin (E-cad) were analyzed using drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) method. The effect and action mechanism of daurisoline were validated in nude mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HAKAI was up-regulated 1.26-fold in bladder cancer tissues (P = 0.004) and correlated with poor prognosis. Daurisoline or geldanamycin inhibited EMT of bladder cancer cells and HUVEC angiogenesis. HAKAI overexpression reversed the suppression by daurisoline or geldanamycin. HAKAI was a client protein of HSP90, which could be directly targeted by daurisoline. HAKAI could target E-cad. Daurisoline also counteracted the promotive effects of overexpressed HAKAI on bladder carcinoma growth in nude mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Daurisoline suppresses EMT and angiogenesis in bladder cancer by targeting HSP90 and disrupting the stability of HAKAI protein to up-regulate the expression of E-cad.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"e129798"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/32/37/ijpr-21-1-129798.PMC10016139.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9515017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Icariin Exerts Estrogen-Like Actions on Proliferation of Osteoblasts in Vitro via Membrane Estrogen Receptors-Mediated Non-nuclear Effects.","authors":"Dapeng Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Su,&nbsp;Qiang He,&nbsp;Yajie Zhang,&nbsp;Ning Gu,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Kun Yan,&nbsp;Nianwei Yao,&nbsp;Weiqing Qian","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-127000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-127000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to reports, icariin (ICA) is a bone anabolic agent able to prevent osteoporosis in both ovariectomized rats and postmenopausal women. However, its effect on osteoblast proliferation remains to be determined, and the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Icariin-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates were purified by Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography technology. Primary osteoblasts from neonatal rats were used to evaluate the effects of ICA, ICA-BSA, ICA-BSA + ICI182780, and ICA-BSA + PD98059. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and propidium iodide (PI)-staining assays were used to detect the proliferation of osteoblasts after drug exposure. The intracellular calcium ions were detected using a confocal microscope with Fluo-3/AM as the fluorescent indicator. Western blot was capitalized on to measure the relative content of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary osteoblasts in culture were detected by histochemical staining of alkaline phosphatase, and calcified nodules were obtained by sequential digestion. Icariin and bovine serum albumin could form conjugate, which could be purified by Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography technology. MTT and flow cytometry results show that ICA-BSA conjugate significantly facilitated the proliferation of osteoblasts (P < 0.05). The intracellular calcium ions also ascended vastly in the cells treated with ICA-BSA conjugate (P < 0.01). Icariin-bovine serum albumin exposure rapidly activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Furthermore, ICA- and ICA-BSA-mediated actions on osteoblasts were signally alleviated after dealing with ERK inhibitor PD98059 or estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI182780, which might have a relation to the repression of ERK phosphorylation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Icariin could serve as estrogen in osteoblast cells by the rapid nongenomic ER signaling pathway independent of ligand and estrogen response element (ERE) and mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"e127000"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/e0/ijpr-21-1-127000.PMC10024316.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9155566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Determination of Multicomponent Dosage Forms Using Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy: Application to Phenytoin-Phenobarbital Combination.","authors":"Amin Nowroozi,&nbsp;Mohsen Shahlaei,&nbsp;Farzad Kobarfard","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-127040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-127040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a tool for determining pharmaceutical molecules in bulk drugs and their dosage forms is growing. New advancements in benchtop NMR spectrometers with cryogen-free magnets have made this technique more appealing and accessible. Herein, we developed a method using a benchtop NMR spectrometer to quantify phenytoin (PhT) and phenobarbital (PhB) in bulk and combined dosage forms. The results were compared to those obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a well-characterized procedure. This method is simple, low cost, relatively fast, and non-inferior to HPLC in terms of figures of merit.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"e127040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/24/13/ijpr-21-1-127040.PMC10024314.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9156685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Activity of <i>Salvia compressa</i> Vent.","authors":"Firoozeh Noorbakhsh,&nbsp;Somayeh Zare,&nbsp;Omidreza Firuzi,&nbsp;Amirhossein Sakhteman,&nbsp;Jima N Chandran,&nbsp;Bernd Schneider,&nbsp;Amir Reza Jassbi","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-127031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-127031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Salvia</i> extracts have various biological activities and are rich sources of bioactive metabolites.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We identified five phytochemicals from <i>S. compressa</i> extract and assessed its biological properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The plant's shoots were extracted using dichloromethane, and the constituents were isolated using column chromatography. High-resolution NMR spectroscopy characterized the chemical structures of the compounds (1 - 5). The cytotoxic effect of the extract was examined against MCF-7 cells by MTT reduction assay, while cisplatin was tested as a reference cytotoxic compound. The antibacterial activity was assessed using nutrient broth micro-dilution (NBMD), and chloramphenicol was used as the positive control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Citrostadienol (1), β-sitosterol (2), two glyceride esters of linolenic, linoleic, and palmitic acids (3, 4), and geraniol (5) were isolated from <i>S. compressa</i> for the first time. The extract showed activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and reduced cell viability to 68.2 ± 13.1% compared to the control drug at the concentration of 50 µg/mL, while it was not active against seven test bacteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The anti-complementary activity of the isolated steroids suggests <i>S. compressa</i> for future anti-inflammatory research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"e127031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/90/02/ijpr-21-1-127031.PMC10024313.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9163591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Stauntonia hexaphylla</i> Extract Ameliorates Androgenic Alopecia by Inhibiting Androgen Signaling in Testosterone-induced Alopecia Mice.","authors":"Geum-Lan Hong,&nbsp;Hui-Ju Lee,&nbsp;Yae-Ji Kim,&nbsp;Kyung-Hyun Kim,&nbsp;Ju-Young Jung","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-133333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-133333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Stauntonia hexaphylla</i> has been a traditional folk remedy for alleviating fever and providing anti-inflammatory properties. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form mediated by the presence of the dihydrotestosterone (DHT).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we evaluated the effects of an extract of <i>S. hexaphylla</i> on AGA models and its mechanisms of action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied <i>S. hexaphylla</i> extract to evaluate 5α-reductase and androgen receptor (AR) levels, apoptosis, and cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, paracrine factors for androgenic alopecia, such as transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and dickkopf-a (DKK-1), were examined. Apoptosis was investigated, and the evaluation of proliferation was examined with cytokeratin 14 (CK-14) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In human follicular dermal papilla cells, the 5α-reductase and AR were decreased following <i>S. hexaphylla</i> treatment, which reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Histologically, the dermal thickness and follicle number were higher in the <i>S. hexaphylla</i> groups compared with the AGA group. In addition, the DHT concentration, 5α-reductase, and AR were decreased, thereby downregulating TGF-β1 and DKK-1 expression and upregulating cyclin D in <i>S. hexaphylla</i> groups. The numbers of keratinocyte-positive and PCNA-positive cells were increased compared to those in the AGA group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study demonstrated that the <i>S. hexaphylla</i> extract ameliorated AGA by inhibiting 5α-reductase and androgen signaling, reducing AGA paracrine factors that induce keratinocyte (KC) proliferation, and inhibition apoptosis and catagen prematuration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"e133333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/22/46/ijpr-21-1-133333.PMC9990510.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9438269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Homogenate of a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease Modifies the Secretome of 3D Cultured Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: A Potential Neuroregenerative Therapy.","authors":"Fariba Mohebichamkhorami,&nbsp;Zahra Niknam,&nbsp;Mona Khoramjouy,&nbsp;Elmira Heidarli,&nbsp;Rasoul Ghasemi,&nbsp;Simzar Hosseinzadeh,&nbsp;Seyedeh Sarvenaz Mohseni,&nbsp;Arman Hajikarim-Hamedani,&nbsp;Amirhossein Heidari,&nbsp;Yekta Ghane,&nbsp;Matin Mahmoudifard,&nbsp;Hakimeh Zali,&nbsp;Mehrdad Faizi","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-133668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpr-133668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to neuronal cell death and manifested by cognitive disorders and behavioral impairment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most promising candidates to stimulate neuroregeneration and prevent disease progression. Optimization of MSC culturing protocols is a key strategy to increase the therapeutic potential of the secretome.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Here, we investigated the effect of brain homogenate of a rat model of AD (BH-AD) on the enhancement of protein secretion in the secretome of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) when cultured in a 3D environment. Moreover, the effect of this modified secretome was examined on neural cells to study the impact of the conditioned medium (CM) on stimulation of regeneration or immunomodulation in AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PDLSCs were isolated and characterized. Then, the spheroids of PDLSCs were generated in a modified 3D culture plate. PDLSCs-derived CM was prepared in the presence of BH-AD (PDLSCs-HCM) and the absence of it (PDLSCs-CM). The viability of C6 glioma cells was assessed after exposure to different concentrations of both CMs. Then, a proteomic analysis was performed on the CMs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Differentiation into adipocytes and high expression of MSCs markers verified the precise isolation of PDLSCs. The PDLSC spheroids were formed after 7 days of 3D culturing, and their viability was confirmed. The effect of CMs on C6 glioma cell viability showed that both CMs at low concentrations (> 20 mg/mL) had no cytotoxic effect on C6 neural cells. The results showed that PDLSCs-HCM contains higher concentrations of proteins compared to PDLSCs-CM, including Src-homology 2 domain (SH2)-containing PTPs (SHP-1) and muscle glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM) proteins. SHP-1 has a role in nerve regeneration, and PYGM is involved in glycogen metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The modified secretome derived from 3D cultured spheroids of PDLSCs treated by BH-AD as a reservoir of regenerating neural factors can serve as a potential source for AD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14595,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"e133668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/40/f6/ijpr-21-1-133668.PMC9990517.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9438270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}