Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology最新文献

{"title":"A Safer Lytic Alternative: Multi-omics and Immunoinformatics Reveal Reduced Inflammatory Impact of a Chimeric Endolysin Against Antibiotic-induced Immune Dysregulation.","authors":"Atefe Noori, Zahra Amini-Bayat, Saeed Mirdamadi, Farzaneh Azizmohseni, Seddigheh Borhani","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i1.20443","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i1.20443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to the development of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Increased expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), encoded by the PDCD1 gene, indicates NK cell exhaustion, a process that may be influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we examined PD-1 expression on NK cells from RA patients and evaluated whether miRNAs modulate this pathway. Although antibiotics are critical for treating infections, they can provoke harmful immune responses by releasing bacterial components that overstimulate the immune system. Such responses may lead to excessive inflammation or cytokine storms. To address this risk, we assessed the immune safety of a newly designed chimeric endolysin, ZAM-MSC, and compared its effects with traditional antibiotics using transcriptomic, proteomic, and computational analyses. We analyzed public gene and protein expression datasets from antibiotic-treated human cells and performed in silico studies on ZAM-MSC. Differential expression analysis and pathway enrichment were conducted, alongside structural modeling of the endolysin and its predicted interactions with immune receptors. Antibiotic treatment strongly activated inflammatory genes and pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In contrast, ZAM-MSC minimally affected immune-related gene expression, with downregulation of interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1A (TNFRSF1A). Structural modeling showed weak interactions with Toll-like receptors, and epitope analysis predicted low immunogenicity. These results suggest ZAM-MSC may offer a safer antimicrobial alternative, though all protein-level findings are based on computational predictions and require experimental validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"108-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miR-10a Delivered via MSC-derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulates Inflammation in a CCl4-induced Liver Fibrosis Model.","authors":"Liang Wang, Youjia Ni","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i1.20454","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i1.20454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver fibrosis is a significant global health issue characterized by an abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, that disrupts normal liver architecture and function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show therapeutic potential by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing regulatory microRNAs like miR-10a. This study evaluates miR-10a-enriched human umbilical cord MSC (hUCMSC)-EVs in a CCl4-induced model of liver fibrosis, focusing on inflammatory marker modulation. Liver fibrosis was induced in experimental animals using CCl4 administration. MSCs were isolated from the human umbilical cord and loaded with either a miR-10a mimic or a control sequence through Lipofectamine 3000. EVs were then isolated from the culture media of both miR-control and miR-10a-modified MSCs. The therapeutic potential of these miR-10a-loaded EVs was assessed by treating the CCl4-induced fibrosis model with these vesicles. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by measuring two anti-inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4) and three pro-inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The administration of miR-10a-loaded MSC-EVs resulted in a significant modulation of inflammatory markers. Our results revealed an increase in the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) and a concurrent decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ) in the treated group compared to the control group. The study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs encapsulating miR-10a in ameliorating CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. By modulating the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, miR-10a-loaded EVs show promise as a targeted treatment approach for liver fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"135-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Safety and Immunotoxicity Assessment of a Novel mRNA-LNP Vaccine against Cytomegalovirus: Insights into Safety and Immunomodulatory Profiles.","authors":"Somayeh Mami, Sajjad Shekarchian, Alireza Naderi Sohi, Jafar Kiani, Masoud Soleimani, Mohammad Hossein Nicknam","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i1.20435","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i1.20435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predominantly a widespread beta herpesvirus, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) triggers lifelong latent infection in most of the people, and HCMV vaccine development has been designated a high public health priority. In the current study, the in vitro safety profile and potential immunotoxic effects of a novel messenger RNA (mRNA)-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine designed against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) were assessed. The aim was to measure inflammation, allergic reactions, complement activation, cytotoxicity, and hemolytic effects of the mRNA-LNP vaccine. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion, evident in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) treated with unmodified mRNA-LNP, was markedly attenuated by incorporating modified nucleotides. The vaccine appeared incapable of sparking allergic cytokine production or complement activation. Cell viability assays indicated no pronounced cytotoxicity, and hemolysis assays showed no notable hemolytic activity. The findings suggest that the modified mRNA-LNP vaccine exhibits a promising in vitro safety profile, supporting further development of this vaccine candidate.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"45-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TREM1 Enhances Macrophage Proinflammatory Response to LPS by Promoting NF-κB Activation via an IL-26-mediated JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Liangliang Xie, Fei Gao, Jianmin Xu, Wenhui Xiong, Junlei Yin, Weiwei Sun","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i1.20439","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i1.20439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in macrophages involves complex signaling pathways. This investigation explored the regulatory roles of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM1) and interleukin (IL)-26 in the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with LPS to assess TREM1 expression. TREM1 or IL-26 was silenced using short hairpin RNA (shRNA), while IL-26 was overexpressed via plasmid transfection. The JAK2 inhibitor AG490 was used to block JAK/STAT signaling. Western blot, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were employed to analyze the protein and mRNA levels of inflammatory markers and signaling molecules. Results showed that LPS upregulated TREM1 expression. In addition, TREM1 knockdown suppressed p65 activation and reduced inflammatory cytokine levels. Moreover, silencing TREM1 inhibited IL-26 and JAK/STAT phosphorylation (p-JAK1, p-JAK2, p-STAT1, and p-STAT3). Similarly, IL-26 knockdown or AG490 treatment attenuated p65 activation and inflammation. Furthermore, IL-26 overexpression reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of TREM1 silencing. Overall, TREM1 promoted LPS-induced macrophage inflammation via IL-26-mediated JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathway activation, suggesting that TREM1 and IL-26 are potential therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effects of Newcastle Disease Virus as an Oncolytic Virus on the Expression of Apoptosis-related Genes in TC-1 Cell Line.","authors":"Mohammad Ali Akbar Esfahani, Ruhollah Dorostkar, Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Reihaneh Ramezani, Reihaneh Ramezani, Seyyed Mohsen Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, Akbar Ghorbani Alvanegh, Seyed Kiarash Aghayan","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i1.20440","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i1.20440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>TC-1 is a recognized cancer cell line derived from lung epithelial cells that have been altered using the oncogenic E6 and E7 genes of human papillomavirus (HPV). These TC-1 cells are frequently utilized in preclinical research focused on lung cancer and HPV-associated tumors. The incidence of lung cancer and HPV-related cancers is significantly increasing. Drug resistance and the lack of selectivity in current treatments reduce their effectiveness. Researchers are seeking new therapeutic methods, including targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and oncolytic virus and bacterial therapies, to improve treatment outcomes and decrease mortality associated with these diseases. In this context, the present original study aimed to evaluate the potency of wild-type Newcastle disease virus (NDV-WTS) on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) secretion and the induction of apoptosis in TC-1 cells. In this experimental study, the TC-1 cell lines were cultured under laboratory conditions. Subsequently, they were treated with different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of NDV-WTS (1, 2, and 4). Finally, the oncolytic effects of the virus were evaluated using laboratory assays, including MTT (cell viability), reactive oxygen species (ROS), LDH, survival rates, and the activities of Caspases 8 and 9. The results indicated that NDV-WTS significantly decreased cell viability while increasing apoptosis, ROS levels, LDH release, and Caspase 8 and 9 activities compared to the control group. Molecular analyses further revealed that treatment of TC-1 cells with NDV significantly increased the expression of Bax, Casp8, and Casp9, while significantly decreasing Bcl2 expression relative to the control group. NDV-WTS demonstrated remarkable efficacy in treating lung cancer and HPV-associated tumors. Based on the results of the present study, the use of Newcastle disease virus in the treatment of lung cancer and HPV-associated tumors may be beneficial, which requires further studies and clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse Phenotypic Expressions of ADA2 Deficiency: Two Case Studies.","authors":"Anahita Razaghian, Zahra Alizadeh, Isabelle Meyts, Arash Kalantari, Sahar Rostami Hir, Marjon Wouters, Mohammad Reza Fazlollahi","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v24i6.20163","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijaai.v24i6.20163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease with varying degrees of clinical phenotypes and disease severity. The phenotypic spectrum of the disorder has expanded from vasculitis with stroke to include pure red cell aplasia, bone marrow failure, autoimmune cytopenia, lymphoproliferation, and variable degrees of immunodeficiency. Here, we describe two cases of ADA2 deficiency: one presented with an early-onset stroke that resembled an early-onset polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), and the other as an adult-onset vasculitis that progressed to severe neutropenia with recurrent infection and lymphoproliferation. Patient 1, a 10-year-old male, had a reported pathogenic ADA2 homozygote variant; c.139G˃C (p.Gly47Arg), and patient 2, a 34-year-old male, had a reported likely pathogenic homozygous ADA2 variant; c.578C>T (p.Pro193Lys). Our second patient was the first DADA2 patient who showed that DADA2 is not a static disease and can progress from vasculitis to bone marrow failure in the course of the disease. Therefore, the previous recommendation introducing anti-TNF-α as a preferred treatment for vasculitis manifestations and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as the preferred treatment for bone marrow failure can no longer apply. We should consider HSCT for DADA2 patients from the very beginning. The Physician has to be aware of this monogenic disorder's varied presentation and multi-organ involvement. Early recognition and proper treatment are crucial for this potentially fatal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"24 6","pages":"860-866"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145563701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between the Effects of Different Parenteral Nutrition Durations of Two Intravenous Fat Emulsions on Intravenous Nutrition-related Immune Status and Clinical Outcomes in Premature Infants.","authors":"Lin Yao, Fan Huang","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v24i6.20156","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijaai.v24i6.20156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Premature infants with immature gastrointestinal tracts rely on parenteral nutrition (PN) to meet nutritional and energy requirements for growth. In this study, we compared the nutrition-related immune status of premature infants receiving SMOF emulsions (multiple oil-fat emulsions) versus those receiving MCT/LCT emulsions (medium-/long-chain triglyceride emulsions) at different times during PN, and we analyzed the relationship between immune function and clinical outcomes. Sixty premature infants from Dongxihu District People's Hospital, recruited between September 2023 and September 2024, were divided into an observation group and a control group. The observation group received SMOF emulsions, while the control group received MCT/LCT-containing emulsions. We compared immune function, clinical outcomes, and complications between the two groups at different PN timings. The effects of fat-emulsion type on immune indices and their relationship with clinical outcomes were assessed using logistic regression and ROC analysis. The clinical data of the preterm infants in both groups were similar. Immune function and clinical outcomes were better in the observation group than in the control group, and the complication rate was lower. Logistic and ROC analyses revealed that the type of fat emulsion was closely related to immune indices, and these immune indices were highly correlated with clinical outcomes. Both interventions improved immunity in preterm infants, with better results in the observation group than in the control group. The use of SMOF emulsions was superior to MCT/LCT-containing emulsions in preterm infants requiring long-term PN, and this immune improvement significantly optimizes clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"24 6","pages":"771-785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145563956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Serum Immune Inflammatory Factors in Children with Suppurative Tonsillitis Caused by Adenovirus Infection and Its Correlation with Adenovirus Pneumonia.","authors":"Dan Lei, Yihu Liu, Man Liu","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v24i6.20154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v24i6.20154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adenovirus infection is a common cause of pediatric respiratory disease, often misdiagnosed as a bacterial infection. This study compared immune-inflammatory markers in children with adenovirus- vs bacterial-induced suppurative tonsillitis and evaluated their correlation with adenovirus pneumonia. A retrospective study of 275 children (145 with adenovirus, 130 with bacterial infections) admitted to The First People's Hospital of Changde, China (January-June 2019), was conducted. Laboratory markers (white blood cell [WBC] count, C-reactive protein [CRP], serum amyloid A [SAA], procalcitonin [PCT], heparin-binding protein [HBP], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], and interleukin 6 [IL-6]) were analyzed. Adenovirus cases were stratified by pneumonia status (58 with pneumonia, 87 without pneumonia) via chest computed tomography. Compared with the bacterial group, the adenovirus group had lower WBC counts (14.97 [1.37] vs 18.86 [2.65] ×109/L), CRP levels (15.26 [3.44] vs 26.36 [3.18] mg/L), and PCT levels (15.06 [2.12] vs 42.53 [4.58] ng/L) but higher SAA levels (216.75 [39.23] vs 136.55 [28.66] mg/L). Among children with adenovirus, those with pneumonia had elevated SAA (236.39 [38.67] vs 203.65 [33.95] mg/L), HBP (44.30 [8.93] vs 35.62 [6.77] ng/mL), TNF-α (731.52 [99.21] vs 604.21 [95.53] ng/L), and IL-6 (96.86 [17.63] vs 76.55 [15.50] ng/L) levels. A combination of SAA, HBP, TNF-α, and IL-6 predicted pneumonia with an area under the curve of 0.927 (sensitivity, 87.93%; specificity, 88.51%). SAA, HBP, TNF-α, and IL-6 are strongly associated with adenovirus pneumonia, and their combined measurement improves diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"24 6","pages":"749-759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145563744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Basophil Activation Test and Specific IgE Assay in the Diagnosis of Allergy to Penicillin G and Ibuprofen.","authors":"Parastoo Shakerin, Raheleh Shokouhi Shoormasti, Mohammad Reza Fazlollahi, Mahsa Jafari, Mona Delkhah, Parichehr Bahraini, Leila Moradi, Maryam Mahloojirad, Masoud Movahedi, Homa Sadri, Morteza Fallahpour, Alireza Shafiei, Fariborz Zandieh, Marzieh Tavakol, Mohammad Tajdini, Zahra Pourpak","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v24i6.20153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v24i6.20153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The risks associated with in vivo tests in the diagnosis of immediate drug hypersensitivities result in evaluating alternative in vitro tests, such as the Basophil Activation Test (BAT). This pilot study aimed to set up a BAT and compare it with a specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) assay for penicillin G and Ibuprofen in patients with immediate hypersensitivity to β-lactams or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Eleven subjects with a clear history of immediate hypersensitivity to one of the β-lactams (n=5), the NSAIDs (n=3), or both (n=3) entered this study. BAT and sIgE assays were performed regarding the patient's history. The most frequent manifestations were angioedema, shortness of breath, urticaria, and nausea. Eight patients had anaphylactic reactions. The results presented a positive BAT for penicillin G and one for Ibuprofen. Moreover, three patients with a history of the β-lactams reaction demonstrated positive sIgE to β-lactams in the ImmunoCAP. Despite a lack of agreement between the positive results of the BAT and sIgE assay, five patients were identified by one of these methods. Despite positive BAT and sIgE results in two and three patients, respectively, the risks, high cost, and time-consuming nature of drug challenges render these tests valuable for reducing the number of patients who are candidates for a drug challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"24 6","pages":"741-748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145563756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abscisic Acid Regulates Immune-inflammatory Responses to Induce Neuroprotection in Spinal Cord Injury: Insights from Gene Expression and Network Analysis.","authors":"Maryam Rezaeezade Roukerd, Manijeh Dogani, Sahel Motaghi, Mehdi Abbasnejad","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v24i6.20160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v24i6.20160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal cord injuries (SCI) lead to complex primary and secondary damage that disrupts neural function. Current treatments are often insufficient and unable to fully repair spinal cord injuries, highlighting the urgent need for new medicines and innovative therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of abscisic acid (ABA) in SCI by examining its effects on immune-inflammatory genes' expression in rats. This phytohormone possesses anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, rendering it a potential agent for reducing secondary damage following spinal cord injury. Additionally, we performed protein-protein interaction (PPI), pathway enrichment, functional annotation, and gene ontology (GO) analyses to gain a comprehensive understanding of the functions of the affected genes. Based on the results, SCI led to changes in the expression of immune/inflammation-related genes in rats. However, the administration of ABA alleviated the effects. ABA downregulated proinflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1β, MCP, TLR2, TLR4) and neural signaling components (NMDA, AMPA, NK1R), while upregulating adrenergic receptors (ADRA1A, ADRB1) and a gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (AGBRA2). PPI analysis identified FOS, IL-1β, IL-6, MMP9, and TLR4 as crucial nodes in the network, exhibiting the highest degree of interaction. Functional analyses revealed potential impacts on cellular responses, metabolic processes, and synapse-associated extracellular matrix components. Notably, these genes were enriched in inflammatory signaling pathways according to KEGG analysis. These findings suggest that ABA has a significant modulatory effect on gene expression following SCI, particularly in reducing inflammation and immune responses, thereby highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"24 6","pages":"818-833"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145563773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}