Seyyed Amir Hoessein Beheshti, Hasan Taherkhani, Alireza Sarkar, Parham Hayati
{"title":"Investigating the Effects of Asphalt Aging on the Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Steel Slag Aggregates (SSA)","authors":"Seyyed Amir Hoessein Beheshti, Hasan Taherkhani, Alireza Sarkar, Parham Hayati","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01547-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01547-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Use of steel slag in asphalt mixtures has proved to be economically and environmentally beneficial. However, still some aspects of this application need more investigation. This study aimed to investigate the aging effect on some properties of asphalt mixture made by SSA and its comparison with conventional limestone aggregates (LA). Asphalt concrete mixtures with the same binder were made with SSA and LA, and were subjected to different aging conditions. Aging conditions included short-term on loose mixture, and long-term in 2 conditioning times of 5 and 7 days on compacted specimens. Then, the specimens were evaluated by Marshall test, indirect tensile strength (ITS) test, Cantabro abrasion loss test and semicircular bending (SCB) test to evaluate their resistance against rutting, moisture damage, raveling and fracture, respectively. Results reveal that the mixture made by SSA has more Marshall stability, Marshall quotient and ITS, and is more resistant against moisture damage and raveling and has higher fracture toughness and fracture energy than the mixture made by LA. Results also show that aging results in increase of Marshall stability, Marshall quotient and ITS and decrease of flow, moisture damage resistance, raveling resistance, fracture energy and fracture toughness. The effect of aging on the properties was found to vary with the type of aggregates. In general, the mixture containing SSA is less affected by aging than the mixture made by LA. However, for some properties the aging is more effective on the mixture containing SSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithms to Determine Baseflow and Comparing Their Temporal Performance","authors":"Ramazan Acar, Kemal Sapliogu","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01558-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01558-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate and simple determination of baseflow is an extremely important issue. In this study, the baseflow levels of Göksu station number 1805 in the Seyhan basin were determined by calibrating the Lyne and Hollick, Chapman, Chapman and Maxwell methods available in the literature using meta-heuristic optimization methods. The meta-heuristic algorithms used for calibration in the study were run thirty times each. Thus the reliability, the reliability of the algorithms was tested with the standard deviations obtained. The study also measured the temporal performance of the algorithms. In addition, the baseflows of Göksu station were determined and their percentage rates were found separately according to all three methods and intuitive methods, and the results obtained were compared. By examining the results obtained in this section, the average baseflow rate of the basin was also determined. Furthermore, each phase of the study was repeated over a five-year period, with the objective of measuring its sustainability. Consequently, it has been demonstrated that the method can be employed over extended periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recycled Coarse Aggregates in Concrete: A Comprehensive Study of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties","authors":"Harish Panghal, Awadhesh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01539-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01539-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Addressing the increasing demand for concrete due to advancements in the construction sector and population growth, this research explores the critical intersection of waste management and sustainable construction practices. By incorporating recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) derived from construction and demolition waste into concrete, waste reduction and natural resource conservation is achieved. An innovative standard compaction method is utilized to investigate the complex dynamics of RCA's influence on concrete properties. Key parameters examined include workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, microstructural characteristics (XRD, SEM, EDAX), and modulus of elasticity. A distinctive feature of this research involves systematically replacing conventional coarse aggregates with RCA at varying proportions: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The comprehensive analysis reveals significant improvements in the fresh, hardened, and microstructural properties of concrete. Results indicate a nuanced relationship between RCA replacement levels and concrete strength, with the optimal mixture at 25% RCA replacement (RCA 25) demonstrating notably higher compressive (11.56%), flexural (3.06%), and split tensile (5.17%) strengths compared to the control concrete. Additionally, RCA 25 exhibits an 8.91% increase in modulus of elasticity. XRD, SEM, and EDAX analyses provide insights into the underlying mechanisms, indicating that pozzolanic activity enhances strength at lower RCA replacement levels by producing more hydration products, while strength may decrease at higher replacement levels. The significance of this research lies in its novel methodology, addressing a critical gap in understanding the intricate relationships between RCA content and concrete performance. The findings strongly advocate for the judicious use of recycled materials in concrete, contributing to environmental conservation and the long-term resilience of construction materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seismic Response Analysis of a New Staggered Story Isolated Structure Under Three-Dimensional Long-Period Earthquakes","authors":"Dewen Liu, Yanping Zheng, Min Lei, Jibing Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01518-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01518-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The new staggered story isolated structure (NSSIS) is a new structure developed from the base isolated structure and mid-story isolated structure. In this paper, a finite element model of an NSSIS was established and the dynamic response of the NSSIS under three-dimensional (3D) long-period earthquake waves was analyzed. As the tensile and compressive stress of the isolated bearings exceeded the limit value under the 3D long-period earthquake waves, the 3D isolated bearings were introduced and compared with the traditional horizontal isolated bearings. The results show that the earthquake response of the NSSIS under long-period earthquake waves were larger than ordinary earthquake wave. The earthquake response of structure under 3D earthquake waves was larger than that under one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) earthquake waves. After setting 3D isolated bearings, the earthquake response of the structure was reduced, the shock absorption performance of the structure was improved, the compressive and tensile stress of isolated bearings met the requirements. It can provide a reference for the study of the NSSIS under 3D long-period earthquake waves.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141611576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the Technical Suitability of Gray Water in Concrete Production Based on Physical and Mechanical Properties","authors":"Mehdi Torabi-Kaveh, Ali Falah, Vahab Amiri","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01550-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01550-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research investigated the suitability of gray water as a non-conventional water source in the concrete production. The findings showed that both gray and tap water can be considered as mixing water, but based on water quality indicators for industry usage, gray water cannot be used without restrictions to build reinforced concrete structures due to its high corrosive ability. Gray water had no significant effect on the slump and setting time of the concrete. The compressive strength of concrete made with tap water increases from 7 days to 28 days, while gray water concrete, after an increasing trend from 7 days to 14 days, reached its lowest value at 28 days (28.1 MPa). This decrease is due to high TDS values and impurities, which can lead to a decrease in compressive strength. Gray water concrete showed a significant loss in tensile strength compared to tap water concrete after 28 days of curing. The P-wave velocity of the tap water concrete sample increased with the increase in curing time, while the gray water sample decreased by 13% in 28 days. Microscopic studies revealed the formation of carbonate halos around carbonate aggregates due to alkaline reactions in both tap and gray water concretes. The carbonate halo has developed to the inner parts of the aggregates in the gray water sample, indicating greater intensity of alkaline reactions. This means the long-term strength of the concrete will likely suffer a significant loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141611573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullah Davoudi-Kia, Ali Hasanzadeh, Reza Rezapour Mazandarani
{"title":"Numerical Study on the Shear Resistance Behavior of Steel Plate Shear Walls with Full Height Opening and Different Configurations of Stiffeners","authors":"Abdullah Davoudi-Kia, Ali Hasanzadeh, Reza Rezapour Mazandarani","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01531-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01531-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) are efficient options for lateral load-resisting systems in buildings. However, introducing opening(s) in the SPSWs results in a significant drop in their performance. To investigate the effects of introducing openings and adding stiffeners around them on the performance of SPSWs, thirty-three finite element-based models of stiffened SPSWs with full height opening were analyzed. These models had different steel plate thicknesses, opening aspect ratios, and stiffener configurations. Numerical results of this study agreed with the Plate-Frame Interaction (PFI) theory. It was found that adding stiffeners considerably increased shear stiffness and shear strength of SPSW. Furthermore, improvement in the shear load carrying capacity of the SPSW is significantly influenced by cross-sectional shape and even arrangement of the stiffeners. Finally, it was shown that SPSWs with a thicker steel plate are more sensitive to both the presence of the opening and its widening.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos N. Zenatti, Guilherme S. Silveira, Gustavo M. S. Gidrão, Paulo Rogério Novak, Rúbia Mara Bosse, Laura Silvestro, Lara K. Marcos
{"title":"Analytical Evaluation of Natural Frequencies in Hollow-Core Slabs: A Practical Methodology for Civil Engineering Applications","authors":"Carlos N. Zenatti, Guilherme S. Silveira, Gustavo M. S. Gidrão, Paulo Rogério Novak, Rúbia Mara Bosse, Laura Silvestro, Lara K. Marcos","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01512-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01512-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents an analytical methodology for predicting the natural frequencies of hollow-core slab panels, addressing a significant research and application need in structural engineering. The study suggests a numerical–experimental calibration utilizing the Finite Element Method (FEM) via ANSYS software to assess the modal response of hollow-core slabs validated according to literature study. Through the development of Irvine’s equation, this research proposes a simplified methodology for determining the natural frequency of slabs. The slabs were modeled as simply supported beams, and Irvine’s equations have been applied to simplify several degrees of freedom structure (SDOF) and determine the natural frequencies for various spans. The validation of the numerical–experimental model indicates a maximum error of 8.32% in the third vibration mode, demonstrating the accuracy and practicality of the proposed analytical method. This approach could be useful in determining the vibration serviceability presented in Brazilian Standard Procedure for the Design of Concrete Structures. It can help engineers and manufacturers to estimate structural compliance and vibration serviceability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Local Scour Around Inclined Bridge Piers on Clay-Sand Mixed Cohesive Sediment Bed in Clear-Water Conditions","authors":"Qadeer Ahmad, Usman Ghani","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01529-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01529-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A few investigations on clear water local scour around vertical bridge piers on clay-sand mixed (cohesive sediment) beds are found in the literature. However, no research has been reported on local scour around inclined bridge piers for clay-sand mixed cohesive beds. This research work was carried out to investigate the impact of dual inclined bridge piers (convergent-vertical piers) on maximum scour depth installed in flow direction on four beds containing different clay contents from 20–80% with sand. Three different pier shapes of different cross sections were tested (circular, rectangular & diamond) in each case. The effect of inclination (0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°) with the vertical on the same beds was analyzed and discussed. The results revealed a considerable reduction in maximum scour depth with inclined bridge piers in comparison with vertical bridge piers. The least scour depth was observed around 10° inclination for rectangular and circular shaped sections and 5° for diamond bridge pier. On average 53.25%, 57.25%, and 72% reduction in scour depth was observed for inclined rectangular, diamond, and circular bridge piers respectively as compared to the vertical bridge piers. The circular bridge pier proved the most effective inclined pier, exhibiting the least scour depth among the three pier shapes. Furthermore, no equation was found in the literature to predict the maximum scour depth around inclined bridge piers on clay-sand mixed beds, so three non-linear regression-based equations for three different upstream collinear piers as a function of clay content percentage and inclination were predicted which reasonably described the experimental data.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural Behavior of Concrete Columns Reinforced with BFRP Bars: Experimental Study and Predictive Models","authors":"Fkrat Latif Hamid, Ali Ramadhan Yousif","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01522-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01522-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, research has explored using glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars as a corrosion-resistant alternative to steel reinforcement in concrete columns. Design guidelines have been established in ACI 440.11–22 for GFRP bars. However, there's currently no specific code for Basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars in concrete columns due to limited experimental data. This study investigates using BFRP bars and ties as an alternative to steel reinforcement in concrete columns. It presents results from testing 11 columns under concentric loads. The test variables included the longitudinal BFRP reinforcement ratio, BFRP tie spacings, BFRP tie diameter, and reinforcement type. The experimental results showed a resemblance in the performance of concrete columns reinforced with BFRP and steel bars. Longitudinal BFRP bars contributed between 6.4 and 17.2% to the ultimate load-carrying capacity. A reduction in tie spacing was observed to slightly improve the load-carrying capacity. Moreover, when using the same volumetric reinforcement ratio, employing smaller diameter bars with closer spacings proved to be more efficient than using larger diameter bars with greater spacings. The study also introduced two models for predicting the maximum load capacity of BFRP-reinforced concrete columns, and the proposed models showed high accuracy compared to existing models in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Behavior of Low-Yield Point Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Walls in Strengthening RC Frames","authors":"Ningning Feng, Changsheng Wu","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01537-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01537-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two types of corrugated steel plate shear walls, namely low-yield point (LYP) and convention, are investigated in terms of strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) frames. Within LYP corrugated steel plate shear walls, two layouts are considered: half and full plate. A total of 24 models are considered to assess their performance in the aspect of ultimate strength, stiffness, and mechanical analysis. The objective of this research is to compare and analyze the effectiveness of LYP corrugated steel plate shear walls in enhancing the seismic resistance of RC frames. Based on force analysis and finite element modelling, the equivalent support model is proposed to verify the validity of the models. The deviation was between 1.76 and 14.27%. The findings reveal that LYP corrugated steel plate shear walls demonstrate comparable bearing capacity to conventional methods, with the added advantage of improved ductility. The maximum top displacement increases by 35% and 68% in the case of half and full plate. Although there is minimal variation (9.86%) in stiffness, these characteristics collectively contribute to enhanced seismic resistance and overall performance of the reinforced concrete frames.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}