Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and Computational Analysis of lime-treated geogrid-reinforced Silty Sand Beneath Circular Footings","authors":"Syed Md Yousuf, Mehboob Anwer Khan, Syed Muhammad Ibrahim, Furquan Ahmad, Pijush Samui","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01551-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01551-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The endeavor of civil and geotechnical engineers to enhance soil stability and durability, reduce settlement, and optimize construction costs is a considerable challenge. Given the intricate nature of these complexities, it is important to note the increasing recognition of ground improvement methods, particularly the use of geosynthetics for reinforcement. Considering these factors, a detailed series of model experiments was conducted to explore the intricate dynamics of load-settlement relationships. This study involved experiments to examine the effects of various geogrid placements and lime content on the mechanical properties and settlement behavior of silty sand reinforced with a single layer of geogrid. Additionally, this research introduces novel computational approaches, specifically artificial neural network (ANN) and extreme learning machine (ELM) models, which utilize evolutionary algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI). These techniques are employed to predict the soil’s load-bearing capacity. Incorporating computational models offers an advanced methodology for predicting the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) of circular footings in a straightforward and cost-effective manner. The accuracy of these computational models was assessed using well-established statistical measures. The results indicate that the artificial neural network (ANN) model surpasses the extreme learning machine (ELM) model in estimating the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) of circular footings. This study makes a significant contribution to the field by improving our understanding of soil behavior under various conditions, thus providing crucial insights for enhancing the efficiency and reliability of foundation design.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141775343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural Toughness and Synergy Assessment of Pozzolanic and Non-pozzolanic Concrete Containing Steel Fibers With Varying Geometry","authors":"B. Sankar, D. Rameshkumar, P. Swaminathan, K. Arunkumar","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01561-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01561-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brittleness poses a significant threat to the durability of cement-based materials over time. The simultaneous addition of pozzolans and fibers offers a novel and eco-friendly approach to tackle concerns regarding brittleness and environmental impacts associated with conventional cement concrete. This paper investigates the effects of pozzolanic substitutions such as silica fume (SF) and metakaolin (MK) for Ordinary portland cement on the mechanical and toughness performances of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). In the first part of the study, reference plain concrete mix with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.4 is mixed with different percentages of steel fibers with varying geometry, such as crimped steel (CS) and straight steel (SS) fibers, both as individual and hybrid combinations, to determine the mechanical properties. In the second part, the study evaluated how combining CS and SS fibers influence flexural toughness, aiming to identify combinations that may synergistically enhance performance. The study also examined the influence of pozzolans on the flexural toughness of hybrid steel fiber reinforced concrete (Hy-SFRC). An increase in workability was observed due to the hybridization of steel fibers. The increase in compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity was greater in pozzolanic SFRC compared to non-pozzolanic SFRC. The ternary mix of SF and MK showed 18.5%, 91%, and 18.7% improvement in 28-day compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity compared to the reference mix. The hybrid combination of CS 1.5% and SS 0.5% was considered the best in terms of mechanical properties. The equivalent flexural toughness results indicated that, both binary and ternary pozzolanic Hy-SFRC was higher compared to non-pozzolanic Hy-SFRC, which can only be mapped to the stronger fiber-matrix bond. Also, the synergy quantification revealed that hybridization was most effective in the post-cracking stages. Hy-SFRC containing the ternary mixture of SF and MK provided a maximum toughness of 61.49 J measured up to L/150. Hy-SFRC mix containing a ternary pozzolanic combination of SF 10% and MK 10% gave the best results in flexural toughness, and the corresponding synergy values were found to be the maximum.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141775600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on seismic performance of aluminum foam infilled steel frame-braced structural system","authors":"Dongmei Li, Jianhua Shao, Nan Wang, Zhanguang Wang, Hongxuan Xu, Xuan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01548-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01548-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To investigate the seismic performance of a steel frame-braced structural system filled with aluminum foam, the static eccentric and axial compression experiments were performed respectively for square and round steel tubes filled with aluminum foam to obtain a failure deformation diagram and load–displacement curve. Based on the experimental study, a finite element model was established to analyze the seismic performance of the steel frame-braced structural system filled with aluminum foam influenced by different bracing slenderness ratios and diameter-to-thickness ratios. The results show that the failure deformation of the square and round steel tubes filled with aluminum foam was principally constrained by aluminum foam to significantly prevent premature local or whole buckling of the specimen and excellently improve the vertical bearing capacity. The vertical bearing capacity of the pure square steel tube and that filled with aluminum foam under the same loading eccentricity of 50 mm and section size was primarily provided by the steel tube in the elastic stage, and the beneficial effect of infilled aluminum foam was tiny. The ultimate loads of the aluminum foam-filled square steel tubes under the static eccentric experiment with a loading eccentricity of 30 mm, 50 mm and 150 mm were 52.2 kN, 42.1 kN and 10.1 kN respectively. The failure mode of the aluminum foam-filled round steel tubes with specimen lengths and thicknesses increasing respectively from 144 to 336 mm and 1.8 to 3 mm transformed from symmetric folding at the loading end to local buckling at the middle of the specimen under axial load, and the ultimate load of the filler was prominently increased by diminishing the specimen length and increasing the specimen thickness. The increasing rate of ultimate bearing capacity for the aluminum foam-filled steel frame-braced structural system of the bracing with a slenderness ratio of 80 and a diameter thickness ratio of 30 was increased by 73.3% compared to the pure steel frame-braced structural system, and the specimen with the slenderness ratio of 100, 120 and 150 and the diameter thickness ratio of 120 was raised respectively by 65.7%, 37.6% and 43.0%. Infilling aluminum foam remarkably reduced the maximum stress value of the bracing to improve the buckling phenomenon and stress concentration phenomenon and enhance the structure's secant stiffness and energy dissipation capacity. The slenderness ratio of the bracing was recommended to be 80–100 when mainly considering the bearing performance, and the diameter-to-thickness ratio was referred to be 30–40 and 100–120 when the slenderness ratio was 80 and 100, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Numerical Study on the Fire Performance of Straight Tenon Joints with Dowel","authors":"Yong Wang, Jianhua Shao, Tingting Wang, Zhanguang Wang, ·Hongxuan Xu, Jing Huang","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01554-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01554-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to investigate the fire resisting performance of straight tenon joints with dowel, the numerical model of wood joint about the temperature field was established by adopting the finite element method to achieve the temperature distribution at each component and essential section of this joint, which was verified to have the satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. The sequential coupling method was utilized to simulate the thermal–mechanical coupling field and the residual bearing capacity of straight tenon joints with dowel under high temperature was further analyzed. The stress nephogram used for determining the failure modes of joints under different high-temperature conditions was obtained from above numerical analysis, and the corresponding mechanical performance indexes of joints including the bending moment-rotation angle curve, rotational stiffness, yield and maximum bending moments under different temperatures were perfectly achieved. The analytical results show that the mechanical performance of joints is dramatically influenced by the incurred heating temperature, and the percentage of residual bearing capacity about the rotational stiffness, yield and maximum bending moments of joints decreases gradually with the increase of the maximum temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141775344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Subsidiary Weir for Energy Dissipation in the Stilling Basin Using CFD Modelling","authors":"Muhammad Jawad Arshad, Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar, Faraz Ul Haq, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq, Muhammad Waqas Zaffar","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01559-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01559-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study was aimed at assessing the utility of the subsidiary weir in the post-rehabilitation scenario of Taunsa Barrage Pakistan wherein a 7 ft. high subsidiary weir was constructed at a distance of 920 ft. downstream of the main weir. In addition to the construction of the Subsidiary weir, auxiliary devices were also provided in the stilling basin downstream of the main weir. These devices include chute blocks and dented end sill. CFD (Computation Fluid Dynamics) based software Flow-3D was employed in the current study to numerically model the Taunsa Barrage, Pakistan and simulate the flow scenario. Based on the simulations of these flow scenarios, flow parameters were recorded for each scenario and comparative analysis was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the subsidiary weir. The study concluded that the addition of a subsidiary weir affected the flow parameters (Flow depth, depth-averaged velocity, and Froude number) and the location of the hydraulic jump. Furthermore, the study concluded that the addition of a subsidiary weir resulted in lesser energy dissipation as compared to the energy dissipation observed in the absence of a subsidiary weir.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141775599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governing Failure Mode of Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs Under Gravity Load Using the Codes Guidelines and Yield-Line Theory","authors":"Navid Jafarian, Davood Mostofinejad","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01538-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01538-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nowadays, reinforced concrete (RC) flat slabs frequently known as a gravity-load resisting system are being used in almost every building structure due to a number of distinct advantages. On the minus side, the greatest drawback of the RC flat slabs is punching shear failure still hotly debated by researchers. Nevertheless, there is not a source of information to accurately predict the governing failure mechanism of the slabs concerning the severe shortage of a certain hypothetical method. This study was targeted at investigating the governing failure mode of the slabs monotonically subjected to vertical load by reviewing the recommendations of the current codes, i.e., ACI 318-19, EC 2, MC2010, also by using the yield line theory (YLT), as was foremost amongst the literature. For this purpose, the results numerically assessed by the punching shear equations of the codes were compared to those of experimental tests categorized in a database with 88 RC flat slabs. To predict the failure mode of the slabs, the punching shear strength obtained by the codes was compared to the flexural capacity calculated by the YLT. Finally, two case studies on RC flat slabs were proposed to elucidate the changes of shear load-carrying capacity and flexural strength while the flexural reinforcement ratio differed, as were to predict the governing failure mechanism. The slabs’ geometry was identical; one slab was served as the control specimen while the other had four openings located adjacent and parallel to the column. Shear reinforcement was, moreover, employed as a key parameter for improving the punching shear strength of the slabs at the rate of 50%. It was proved that the presented failure-mode prediction methodology is applicable to the design purposes of the slabs by comparing the predicted failure modes with the experimental counterparts. According to the case studies, the governing failure mode of 50%-shear-reinforced slab was punching shear as the flexural reinforcement ratio was more than 0.7% while the failure mode was flexural for lower flexural reinforcement ratios.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141775353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Finite Element Analysis of the Effects of TADAS Dampers on the Frame Members’ Performances in Concrete Structures Under Cyclic and Monotonic Loadings","authors":"Hadi Haeri, Ahmad Guodarzi Talehjerdi, Vahab Sarfarazi, Ali Moayer, Mohammad Fatehi Marji","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01540-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01540-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Harsh loading conditions, such as ground vibrations from earthquakes, can reduce the ductility of large structures due to their weight and cause damage and early destruction. The research explores the use of Triangular added-damping-and-stiffness (TADAS) dampers in concrete moment frame structures to assess their impact on reducing floor displacement. The study examines the impact of two different alloys, ST52 and H13, used in the TADAS damper pins. It analyzes how the TADAS structural geometry and the mechanical behavior of its ductile alloys affect the stability of concrete structures under various cyclic and monotonic loading conditions. The finite element method implemented in ABAQUS is utilized to simulate the TADAS damper under both monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. The research findings include a novel modification of alloy materials, such as H13 steel, to enhance damper flexibility, optimization of damper geometry to increase seismic energy dissipation, and improvement in structural integrity to reduce stress concentration. Comparing two ST 52 alloys to H13 steel, the maximum bearable force has increased from 300 kN to 600 kN, which is about double the resistance increase. Practical applications of integrating TADAS dampers and Chevron braces in tall and low-rise concrete buildings show significant improvements in structural stability and displacement reduction. The results indicate that the base shear, the maximum relative displacement of the floors in height, and the increase of the internal force generated in the beam and column have decreased in the structure with yielding damper compared to the structure without damper. The research results for the 15-story structure show that without using a damper, the maximum relative displacement of the floor is 150 mm. However, when a damper is used, the maximum relative displacement is reduced to about 60 mm. This study highlights the practical implications of using TADAS dampers in structural engineering and offers a promising solution to minimize the destructive effects of seismic events on large-scale concrete structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Lower Bound Estimate of the Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Inherently Anisotropic Sands: Verification with 100 Case Studies","authors":"Mohammad Ali Shokoohi, Mehdi Veiskarami, Mojtaba Jahanandish","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01530-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01530-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bearing capacity of transversely isotropic soils have been studied by implementing the microstructure tensor in the previous works. This paper is a counterpart of the previous theoretical one which mainly focused on the verification and physical interpretation of the results. While the previous work mainly explained the theoretical framework with some numerical verifications, this paper contains a verification made by applying the results to a number of collected database of footing load tests both in the field and in the lab. The main idea is that the natural sedimentation process makes most soils some degree of anisotropy. This anisotropy is often neglected while geotechnical studies are conducted and when the bearing capacity is calculated. In this study, a comparison with theory and experimental results tries to explore the true degree of anisotropy in natural granular soil deposits, at least for practical purposes. Results indicate that if the anisotropy is ignored, the theoretical estimate of the bearing capacity is nearly 20% to 30% higher than the actual values measured in practice. Of course the nature of the test and the interpretation of the test data are influential on this general conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Shear Deformable Finite Element Formulation for the Elastic Lateral Torsional Buckling Analyses of Steel Beams","authors":"Phe Van Pham, Tan Thi Doan, Trung Kien Nguyen, Duy Tien Nguyen, Xuan Huy Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01536-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01536-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study develops a shear deformable finite element (FE) formulation for the analysis of the elastic lateral torsional buckling (LTB) of steel beams. Four governing displacement fields are proposed to describe the LTB deformation. The buckling strains/stresses and the total buckling potential energy of the system are subsequently expressed in terms of the governing displacements. The theory considers the contributions of local and global warping deformations and shear deformations. A FE formulation is then developed by using linear and cubic shape functions. Based on the validations conducted in four examples, the buckling loads/modes of single and continuous span steel beams predicted by the present solutions are observed to excellently agree with those predicted by other analytical, experimental, numerical solutions. The buckling loads evaluated by using standard moment modification factors are also discussed to clarify the restrictions of the evaluation method. The effects of shear deformations, different loading conditions, and span ratios on the buckling responses of various steel beams are also investigated in the present study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Combined Index of Proactive and Reactive Data for Rating the Safety of Road Sections","authors":"Morteza AsadAmraji, Azarakhsh Salem, Shila Shirinbayan","doi":"10.1007/s40996-024-01552-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-024-01552-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are two main methods for reducing the number of road accident fatalities and damages: proactive statistics and reactive statistics. The segments under consideration do not necessarily have the same level of safety risk and should be prioritized based on safety and budget expertise. Using six proactive and reactive criteria, this study presents a new index for ranking segments of a suburban road in terms of safety, namely accidents, roadside conditions, vertical signs, road markings, pavement conditions, and access density. In this study, a hierarchical analysis, a hybrid indicator of combinative distance-based assessment/evaluation based on distance from average solution, and simple weighted models were applied in addition to safety audit and accident index. The Sanandaj-Kermanshah road was selected as a case study for implementing the model. The road was chosen because of its high traffic, importance, and accident rate. In determining the safety risk of segments, accident severity index and access density were the most important factors. Due to the consideration of two steps to verify the prioritization, the CODAS model received the highest weight in the composite indicator. In suburban roads, the proposed index could be used to prioritize budget allocations for road safety. The innovation of this study is the use of a hierarchical and hybrid indicator for proactive data (obtained from safety audits) and reactive data (obtained from accidents). Also, in past studies, they have not examined the combination of proactive and reactive data.</p>","PeriodicalId":14550,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}