Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The Labial Adhesion in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nastaran Mahmoudnejad, Mohammad Hamidi Madani, Roozbeh Roohinezhad","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.101283.3395","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.101283.3395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Labial adhesion (LA) is a total or partial labial fusion mostly seen in pre-pubertal children and is rare in premenopausal and postmenopausal periods. This review aimed to evaluate risk factors for labial fusion and the recurrence rate following surgical intervention in postmenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>According to PRISMA guidelines, international databases including Embase, World Cat, Web of Science, Scopus, Dimension, Open Grey, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and also PubMed gateway for PMC and MEDLINE were searched. The included studies were in English and published from 1985 until December 2023 with the keywords including vulvar diseases, agglutination, menopause, postmenopause, and recurrence. All studies that evaluated the clinical course and recurrence of LAs following surgical treatment in postmenopausal women were included. The inclusion criteria were the risk factors of LA recurrence rate, and the exclusion criteria were studies with missing required data, letters to editors, and conference studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-four case reports were enrolled. In total, 54 patients were evaluated. The most common risk factors for LA included hypoestrogenism, virginity, sexual inactivity, cervical cancer, hysterectomy, urinary tract infections, and lichen sclerosis. Only one study reported a recurrence of labial fusion following surgical intervention in a one-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The most common risk factors for LA were hypoestrogenism, virginity, sexual inactivity, cervical cancer, hysterectomy, urinary tract infections, and lichen sclerosis. The low recurrence rate following surgical release of labial fusion has made it an effective and safe method in postmenopausal women with negligible medium-term recurrence rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 12","pages":"752-760"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Risk Factors of Violent and Non-violent Suicide Attempt Methods: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Amin Moradi, Ehsan Mosafarkhani, Fateme Nikbakht, Zahra Amiri, Ali Vafaee Najar","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.100382.3262","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.100382.3262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide is a serious global public health issue. It is the fourth-leading cause of death among young people between the ages of 15 and 29. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the important risk factors associated with violent and non-violent methods of committing suicide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research was a cross-sectional study that included all people who attempted suicide between 2019 and 2023 and were part of the population covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Mashhad, Iran). Predictive variables for suicide attempts included age, sex, education, marital status, occupation, place of residence, drug abuse, smoking, psychiatric diagnoses, and the intended outcome of violent and non-violent methods. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the relationship between selected risk factors and the response variable. The data were analyzed using STATA software version 14. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 18,281 people, 53% were men. Men, those who had lost their wives, people who lived in suburban areas, and people who had self-employed jobs or were unemployed, had higher rates of attempted suicide using violent methods. The chance of using violent methods was found to be 64% lower in women than in men (OR=0.36, 95%CI=0.30-0.43) and 45% higher in single individuals than in married people (OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.20-1.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that several factors influenced the choice of method for committing suicide. Men, those who had lost their wives, suburban inhabitants, those with insecure jobs or unemployment, and single people were more prone to use violent methods. Meanwhile, women, the elderly, and those with higher education levels showed a preference for non-violent methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 12","pages":"761-768"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries and Their Effects on Perioperative Parameters and Mortality of Children with Tetralogy of Fallot: A Case-control Study.","authors":"Mohammadreza Edraki, Amir Naghshzan, Hamid Amoozgar, Kambiz Keshavarz, Nima Mehdizadegan, Hamid Mohammadi","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.100206.3237","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.100206.3237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inadequate pulmonary blood flow in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) can lead to the development of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCA), which interferes with surgical repair. The present study evaluated the features of MAPCAs among patients with TOF and their treatment approaches. Besides, perioperative parameters and mortality rates of our TOF patients with and without MAPCA were compared.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case-control study was conducted from 2011 to 2020 at Namazi and Shahid Faghihi Hospitals, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. The significant aspects of MAPCAs, including their quantity, the presence of dual or single supply lung segments, and the employed devices for closure were evaluated. The patients were divided into three groups: TOF patients without MAPCAs as the control group, those with preoperative percutaneous MAPCA closure (Closed MAPCA), and those with small MAPCAs deemed unsuitable for percutaneous closure (Open MAPCA). A comparative analysis, encompassing hospital and surgical data, such as the presence of MAPCA, blood transfusion volume, intubation time, ICU stay, and mortality rates during and post-surgery, was performed among the aforementioned groups. The Chi square, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>59 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 27.98±24.19 months. The control group included 34 patients with no collaterals, the closed MAPCA group had 12 patients with occluded collaterals, and the open MAPCA group had 13 patients with small collaterals unsuitable for closure. Blood transfusion volume and intensive care unit (ICU) stay were significantly higher in the open MAPCA group than the control group (P=0.01 and P=0.04, respectively). The highest mortality rate was seen in the Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences group (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In TOF patients, percutaneous MAPCA closure prior to surgical repair was recommended. This approach could potentially decrease the occurrence of complications both during and post-surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 12","pages":"769-776"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation in Dentistry: An Evolving and Exciting Sphere.","authors":"Queen Alice Arul, Padma Priya Mahalingham, Dipanjan Debnath","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103855.3730","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103855.3730","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 12","pages":"813-814"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanolic Extract of Red Okra Pods Induces Aberrant Spindle Segregation and Apoptotic Cell Death by Disrupting the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Colon Cancer Cells.","authors":"Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi, Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih, Vuanghao Lim, Lionel Lian Aun In, Alfiah Hayati","doi":"10.30476/IJMS.2024.99450.3149","DOIUrl":"10.30476/IJMS.2024.99450.3149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In approximately 80% of colorectal cancer cases, mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (<i>APC</i>) gene disrupt the Wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathway, a crucial factor in carcinogenesis. This disruption may result in consequences such as aberrant spindle segregation and mitotic catastrophe. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the ethanolic extract of red okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) pods (EEROP) in inducing apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells (SW480) by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The IC₅₀ of EEROP in SW480 cells was determined by treating the cells with varying doses of EEROP, ranging from 0 to 1000 µg/mL. Apoptosis assay and signaling pathway analysis were performed through immunofluorescence staining and Western Blotting on SW480 cells treated with 250 µg/mL of EEROP for 72 hours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EEROP treatment induced apoptosis in SW480 cells, marked by elevated levels of active caspase-3 (P<0.001) and cleaved poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1. Moreover, it notably decreased β-catenin protein levels, resulting in an augmented occurrence of cells displaying abnormal spindle segregation during mitosis (P=0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EEROP treatment reduces β-catenin protein levels, promotes abnormal spindle apparatus segregation, and finally leads to apoptotic cell death in CRC cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 12","pages":"785-793"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Correlation of Serum Adropin with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Experimental Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Implication in the Ameliorative Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors.","authors":"Samaa Salah Abd-El-Fatah, Maha A Fathy, Mohamed Ali Alabiad, Raja Aljafil, Mai Ahmed Gobran, Enssaf A Ahmad, Ashwag S Alsharidah, Mohammed Alorini, Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser, Sara A Awadh, Enas N Morgan","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.99442.3152","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.99442.3152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to be far greater than that in the general population. Adropin regulates endothelial function and may play a role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) treatment was reported to have a protective effect on both renal and cardiovascular function. This study investigated whether adropin is associated with renal and cardiovascular outcomes after using ACEI treatment in CKD rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2021, in Zagazig, Egypt, rats were assigned to: GI, control group (n=8); GII, CKD group (n=8), and GIII, CKD+captopril group (n=8), in which CKD rats received 100 mg/Kg/day captopril orally. Adropin levels, renal function, blood pressure, and various CVD risk factors were measured. Renal, cardiac, and aortic tissues were examined histologically and immunohistochemically to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). To analyze data, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation tests were used (SPSS version 18, P<0.05 is significant).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adropin was significantly lower in GII than in GI and GIII (P<0.001). Adropin in GII and GIII was negatively correlated with atherogenic index (P=0.019 and P=0.001, respectively), atherogenic co-efficient (P=0.012 and P=0.013, respectively), troponin I (P=0.021 and P=0.043, respectively), and nitric oxide (P=0.025 and P=0.038, respectively). VEGFR-2 expression decreased in GII and was elevated in GIII (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adropin levels were significantly correlated with most CVD risk factors in CKD and captopril-treated CKD rats, indicating a role for adropin in the pathogenesis of CVD in CKD. It also refers to its implication in the ameliorative effect of ACEI treatment, possibly by affecting VEGFR-2 and nitric oxide release.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 12","pages":"794-807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated Abdominal Cystic Echinococcosis After Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Case Report.","authors":"Bolatbek Bimendeevich Baimakhanov, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Shokan Akhmetbekovich Kaniyev, Gulziya Nurtazayevna Ismailova, Erik Kumarbekovich Nurlanbayev, Chingiz Takhirovich Sadykov, Gulziba Muratkyzy","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.102545.3553","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.102545.3553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rupture of a hydatid cyst can lead to the development of a disseminated form of intra-abdominal cystic echinococcosis if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Anaphylactic shock is a definite indication of cyst rupture. The presented clinical case was a young athlete with a disseminated form of cystic echinococcosis, which was investigated in 2023 at the Syzganov National Scientific Center for Surgery of Kazakhstan. The disease developed gradually following a sports injury to the abdomen during sports training and was accompanied by blurred signs of anaphylactic shock. In the next 2 years, echinococcosis of the abdominal cavity was asymptomatic. The clinical manifestation of cystic echinococcosis developed gradually over the last 10-12 weeks, in the form of dull, painful abdominal pain, malaise, weakness, sweating, nausea, poor appetite, and weight loss. Subacute manifestations of the disease resembled those of acute appendicitis. A diagnostic laparotomy revealed an abundance of cystic formations in the abdominal cavity, necessitating a differential diagnosis between a disseminated form of abdominal tuberculosis with damage to the mesenteric lymph nodes. However, instrumental verification of the parasite, together with the morphological exclusion of the extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis, made it possible to establish a disseminated form of cystic echinococcosis. The patient underwent a cystectomy, was discharged in satisfactory condition, and was informed about the possibility of disease recurrence. In conclusion, in hyperendemic zones, it is recommended to carry out immunological testing for echinococcosis on all abdominal sports injuries, independent of the presence of anaphylactic shock symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 11","pages":"741-747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Schizophrenia Using Lithium Chloride, a Ketogenic Diet, and Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Arvin Hedayati, Syede Jalil Masoumi, Shahrokh Zare, Mahin Homayoun","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103057.3624","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.103057.3624","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 11","pages":"748-750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Epigenetic Mechanisms in Aggressive Periodontitis; Unraveling the Molecular Dynamics of Disease Progression: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ranny Grevanny, Antonius Winoto Suhartono, Almasyifa Herlingga Rahmasari Amin, Elza Ibrahim Auerkari","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2024.100801.3332","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2024.100801.3332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aggressive periodontitis is an inflammation of the periodontal tissue that usually affects adolescents and young adults aged <30 years, caused by attachment loss and fast bone degradation. The correlation between the epigenetic status and the initiation and progression of numerous acquired diseases was documented. Consequently, targeting epigenetic factors within periodontal tissues stands as an appealing prospect for both the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis. In addition to the role of pathogenic bacteria and their products, alterations in gene expression due to extrinsic and intrinsic factors can cause disturbances in the host's immune response. Epigenetic changes, whether DNA methylation or microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, can cause changes in gene expression in aggressive periodontitis and lead to more severe and rapid loss of the periodontal tissues. This study aimed to elucidate the relationships between oral hygiene, pathogenic bacteria, and genetics in periodontitis development to promote targeted prevention and treatment for enhanced oral health in individuals at risk of aggressive periodontitis. The method employed in this study entailed a comprehensive review and analysis of scholarly literature on the relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and the development of aggressive periodontitis. In conclusion, epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis through DNA methylation mechanisms that begin with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokine signaling pathways, promoter genes, and progress to pro-inflammatory cells. When periodontal tissue inflammation occurs, miRNA inhibits protein translation from messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), which contributes to its aggressiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 11","pages":"680-690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes Mitigated Hepatic Cirrhosis in Rats by Altering the Expression of miR-23b and miR-221.","authors":"Somia H Abd-Allah, Tarek Khamis, Walaa Samy, Amira Ebrahim Alsemeh, Doaa M Abdullah, Samia Hussein","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2023.99524.3159","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2023.99524.3159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in liver cirrhosis is limited by their entrapment in the pulmonary vessels. Thus, the use of MSC-derived exosomes has become a promising strategy. The current work aimed to compare the role of human umbilical cord blood-MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) and their derived exosomes in the alleviation of liver cirrhosis focusing on the role of miR-23b and miR-221 and their direct effectors in inflammatory and autophagic pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were divided into six groups normal controls (negative control), liver cirrhosis group (positive control), liver cirrhotic rats that received conditioned media, liver cirrhotic rats that received hUCB-MSCs, cirrhotic rats that received exosomes, and cirrhotic rats that received both hUCB-MSCs and exosomes. The messenger RNA expression of <i>transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP 9), fibronectin, collagen type-1 (col1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Suppressor of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2</i> and <i>7, Beclin, P62,</i> and <i>light chain 3 (LC3)</i> were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining for Beclin, P62, and LC3 was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The treatment of cirrhotic rats with hUCB-MSCs, exosomes, or the combination of them significantly downregulated <i>miRNA-221, fibronectin, collagen I, α-SMA, Smad2</i> (P<0.001, for each), and P62 (P=0.032, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Additionally, the treatment of cirrhotic rats with hUCB-MSCs, exosomes, or the combination of them significantly upregulated <i>mTOR</i>, <i>Beclin</i>, <i>LC3</i>, and <i>Smad7</i> (P<0.001, for each) and <i>miRNA-23</i> (P=0.021, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>hUCB-MSCs and their derived exosomes ameliorated liver cirrhosis by anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects besides modulation of autophagy. The exosomes had a better improvement effect either alone or combined with hUCB-MSCs, as proved by improvement in liver function tests, and molecular, histopathological, and immunohistochemical profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"49 11","pages":"724-740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}