Iranian Biomedical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic Population of Gut Microbiota as an Indicator of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","authors":"Afsaneh Salimi,&nbsp;Amin Sepehr,&nbsp;Hossein Ajdarkosh,&nbsp;Shadi Aghamohamad,&nbsp;Maliheh Talebi,&nbsp;Mahdi Rohani,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Pourshafie","doi":"10.52547/ibj.3772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ibj.3772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiota is an important factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Due to a link between the gut microbiota and IBD, studying microbiota changes using an accurate, sensitive and rapid method for detection of the disease seems necessary. This study aimed to compare the composition of gut microbiota in three groups of people, including IBD patients, cured Inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD), and healthy groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this study, 45 stool samples (15 from each group) were collected. Using real-time PCR, the abundance of 11 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the IBD group, the number of three bacterial phyla, including Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, decreased (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively), while the population of γ-Proteobacteria increased significantly (p < 0.0001). In the CIBD group, the number of Actinobacteria enhanced (p < 0.01), but that of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes decreased (p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings of this study indicate that decrease in Firmicutes and increase in γ-Proteobacteria could be used as an indicator of IBD instead of employing invasive and costly detection methods such as colonoscopy and other tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9763879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10448310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Recombinant CP2 and CP23 Antigens of Cryptosporidium parvum for Serodiagnosis of Human Cryptosporidiosis","authors":"G. Barzegar, E. Ahmadpour, B. Shahriari, R. Solgi, M. Motazedian","doi":"10.52547/ibj.3801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ibj.3801","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cryptosporidium parvum is an important coccidian parasite infecting many mammals, including human. This parasite can manifest as chronic severe diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with AIDS. The present study reports the recombinant production of rP2 and rP23 antigens of C. parvum as antigens for detecting human cryptosporidiosis using indirect ELISA tests. Methods: The coding sequences of rP2 and rP23 proteins were codon-optimized, commercially synthesized and sub-cloned in the pET28a expression vector. The expressed proteins were purified by Ni-NTA column chromatography and confirmed by Western blotting. The efficacy of rP2/rP23 proteins for serodiagnosis was evaluated by positive (n = 20) and negative (n = 20) human sera, confirmed by the Ziehl-Neelsen staining as the gold standard test. Results: In ELISA test, the sera from C. parvum-infected patients reacted strongly to rP2/rP23. The sensitivity and specificity related to the diagnostic potential of rP2/rP23 in the ELISA assay were 100%. Conclusion: Our results showed that combination of rP23 and rP2 antigens in ELISA significantly increases the performance of C. parvum serodiagnosis in human cryptosporidiosis.","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44558910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carboxylated Graphene Oxide as a Nanocarrier for Drug Delivery of Quercetin as an Effective Anticancer Agent","authors":"Fatemeh Yaghoubi,&nbsp;Najmeh Sadat Hosseini Motlagh,&nbsp;Ali Moradi,&nbsp;Fateme Haghiralsadat","doi":"10.52547/ibj.3598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ibj.3598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhancing the therapeutic profile of hydrophobic drugs using the development of biocompatible drug delivery systems is an urgent need. Many types of research have been conducted on graphene derivatives owing to their unique characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this survey, quercetin (QUER), a natural medicine, was loaded on carboxylated graphene oxide (GO), and cytotoxicity assay and the uptake of QUER into prostate cancer cells (PC3) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The release behavior of QUER was temperature- and pH-sensitive. Although QUER was loaded with high efficiency, the released rate was low (23.25% at pH 5.5 and 42 °C). The toxicity and intensity of fluorescence in the FREE QUER were higher than the loaded form.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-capacity loading and controlled release of GO QUER can be recognized as a proper candidate in treating cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9432468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40633274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Zingiber Officinale Extract on Preventing Demyelination of Corpus Callosum in a Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Valiollah Moradi, Ebrahim Esfandiary, Mustafa Ghanadian, Nazem Ghasemi, Bahman Rashidi","doi":"10.52547/ibj.2979","DOIUrl":"10.52547/ibj.2979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent neurological disability of young adults. Anti-inflammatory drugs have relative effects on MS. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of Zingiber officinale (ginger) have been proven in some experimental and clinical investigations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ginger extract on preventing myelin degradation in a rat model of MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty nine male Wistar rats were used in this study and divided into four control groups: the normal group, cuprizone-induced group, sham group (cuprizone [CPZ] + sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [NaCMC]), standard control group (fingolimod + cuprizone), including three experimental groups of CPZ, each receiving three different doses of ginger extract: 150, 300, and 600mg/kg /kg/day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ginger extract of 600 mg/kg prevented corpus callosum from demyelination; however, a significant difference was observed in the fingolimod group (p < 0.05). Difference in the CPZ group was quite significant (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with ginger inhibited demyelination and alleviated remyelination of corpus callosum in rats. Therefore, it could serve as a therapeutic agent in the MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9432465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40641995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Their Involvement in Liver Steatosis, Inflammation, and Fibrosis: A Narrative Review","authors":"Fajar Dwi Astarini,&nbsp;Neneng Ratnasari,&nbsp;Widya Wasityastuti","doi":"10.52547/ibj.3647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ibj.3647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic factors are involved in the development, progression, and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Polymorphisms in genes regulating liver functions may increase liver susceptibility to NAFLD. Therefore, we conducted this literature study to present recent findings on NAFLD-associated polymorphisms from published articles in PubMed from 2016 to 2021. From 69 selected research articles, 20 genes and 34 SNPs were reported to be associated with NAFLD. These mutated genes affect NAFLD by promoting liver steatosis (PNPLA3, MBOAT7, TM2SF6, PTPRD, FNDC5, IL-1B, PPARGC1A, UCP2, TCF7L2, SAMM50, IL-6, AGTR1, and NNMT), inflammation (PNPLA3, TNF-α, AGTR1, IL-17A, IL-1B, PTPRD, and GATAD2A), and fibrosis (IL-1B, PNPLA3, MBOAT7, TCF7L2, GATAD2A, IL-6, NNMT, UCP, AGTR1, and TM2SF6). The identification of these genetic factors helps to better understand the pathogenesis pathways of NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9432469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40421603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-Specific Behavior of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Interruption of Autophagy Pathway in Human Alveolar Type II Epithelial A549 Cells","authors":"Nasim Ebrahimifard,&nbsp;Shima Hadifar,&nbsp;Mansour Kargarpour Kamakoli,&nbsp;Ava Behrouzi,&nbsp;Sharareh Khanipour,&nbsp;Abolfazl Fateh,&nbsp;Seyed Davar Siadat,&nbsp;Farzam Vaziri","doi":"10.52547/ibj.3586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ibj.3586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autophagy induction has been shown to differ in magnitude depending on the mycobacterial species. However, few studies have investigated the specific autophagic capacity of different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains in alveolar epithelial cells (ATs). This study aimed to elucidate the host autophagic response to different Mtb strains in ATs responsible for TB in the capital of Iran, Tehran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A549 cells were infected with three different Mtb clinical isolates (Beijing, NEW1, and CAS1/Delhi) and the reference strain H37Rv. Following RNA extraction, the expression of eight ATG genes, four mycobacterial genes, and three miRNAs was evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that all four strains influenced the autophagy pathway in various ways at different magnitudes. The Beijing and H37Rv strains could inhibit autophagosome formation, whereas the CAS and NEW1 strains induced autophagosome formation. The expression of genes involved in the fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes (LAMP1) indicated that all the studied strains impaired the autophagolysosomal fusion; this result is not unexpected as Mtb can block the autophagolysomal fusion. In addition, the Beijing and H37RV strains prevented the formation of autophagic vacuoles, besides mycobacterial targeting of lysosomes and protease activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This preliminary study improved our understanding of how Mtb manages to overcome the host immune system, such as autophagy, and evaluated the genes used by specific strains during this process. Further studies with a large number of Mtb strains, encompassing the other main Mtb lineages, are inevitable.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9432471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40633279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Packaging, Purification, and Titration of Replication-Deficient Semliki Forest Virus-Derived Particles as a Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccine Vector","authors":"Nastaran Sadat Savar, Thomas Vallet, Arash Arashkia, Kenneth Lundstrom, Marco Vignuzzi, Hamid Mahmoudzadeh Niknam","doi":"10.52547/ibj.3535","DOIUrl":"10.52547/ibj.3535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-amplifying mRNA is the next-generation vaccine platform with the potential advantages in efficacy and speed of development against infectious diseases and cancer. The main aim was to present optimized and rapid methods for Semliki Forest virus (SFV)-PD self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) preparation, its packaging, and titer determination. These protocols are provided for producing and harvesting the high yields of virus replicon particle (VRP)-packaged SAM for vaccine studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>pSFV-PD-EGFP plasmid was linearized and subjected to in vitro transcription. Different concentrations of SFV-PD SAM were first transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK-293) and baby hamster kidney cell line 21 (BHK-21) cell lines, and EGFP expression at different time points was evaluated by fluorescent microscopy. Replicon particle packaging was achieved by co-transfection of SFV-PD SAM and pSFV-Helper2 RNA into BHK-21 cells. The VRPs were concentrated using ultrafiltration with 100 kDa cut-off. The titers of replicon particles were determined by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro transcribed SAM encoding EGFP was successfully transfected and expressed in HEK-293 and BHK-21 cell lines. Higher levels of EGFP expression was observed in BHK-21 compared to HEK-293 cells showing more stable protein overexpression and VRP packaging. Using ultrafiltration, the high yields of purified SFV-PD-EGFP particles were rapidly obtained with only minor loss of replicon particles. Accurate and rapid titer determination of replication-deficient particles was achieved by RT-qPCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using optimized methods for SAM transfection, VRP packaging, and concentration, high yields of SFV-PD VRPs could be produced and purified. The RT-qPCR demonstrated to be an accurate and rapid method for titer determination of replication deficient VRPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9432467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47052991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiR-106b-5p Regulates the Reprogramming of Spermatogonial Stem Cells into iPSC (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell)-Like Cells","authors":"Amir Hossein Hasani Fard, Mahmoud Valizadeh, Zohreh Mazaheri, Jalil Hosseini","doi":"10.52547/ibj.3594","DOIUrl":"10.52547/ibj.3594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent years have brought notable progress in raising the efficiency of the reprogramming technique so that approaches have evolved from known transgenic factors to only a few miRNAs. Nevertheless, there is a poor understanding of both the key factors and biological networks underlying this reprogramming. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of miR-106b-5p in regulating spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) to induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-like cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used SSCs because pluripotency is inducible in SSCs under defined culture conditions, and they have a few issues compared to other adult stem cells. As both signaling and post-transcriptional gene controls are critical for pluripotency regulation, we traced the expression of Oct-4, Sox-2, Klf-4, c-Myc, and Nanog (OSKMN). Besides, we considered miR-106b-5p targets using bioinformatic methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that transfected SSCs with miR-106b-5p increased the expression of the OSKMN factors, which was significantly more than negative control groups. Moreover, using the functional miRNA enrichment analysis, online tools, and databases, we predicted that miR-106b-5p targeted a signaling pathway gene named MAPK1/ERK2, related to regulating stem cell pluripotency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, our data suggest that miR-106b-5p regulates the reprogramming of SSCs into iPSC-like cells. Furthermore, noteworthy progress in the in vitro development of SSCs indicates promise reservoirs and opportunities for future clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9432470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40574269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and Biological Evaluation of an L-Asparaginase from Isolated Escherichia coli MF-107 as an Anti-Tumor Enzyme on MCF7 Cell Line","authors":"Masoumeh Shahnazari, R. Bigdeli, A. Dashbolaghi, Reza Ahangari Cohan, Alireza Shoari, H. Hosseini, Davoud Nouri Inanlou, V. Asgary","doi":"10.52547/ibj.3494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ibj.3494","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most widely used anticancer agents is microbial L-ASNase. Herein, we assessed the biochemical and biological properties of an isolated L-ASNase from a Gram-negative bacteria strain, Escherichia coli MF-107. Methods: Using garden asparagus, we obtained several bacterial isolates. These strains were further screened for L-ASNase activity. A promising bacterial isolate was selected for L-ASNase production and subsequent purification. The molecular weight of purified L-ASNase was determined. The MTT assay was applied to assess the cytotoxic effect of the purified enzyme. Also, for caspase activity determination and the apoptotic effect of purified enzyme on in cells, we conducted a real-time PCR method. Results: The molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 37 kDa. In the pH range of 7.5 to 8, the enzyme had considerable stability. At 35 °C, the purified L-ASNase optimum activity was recorded. The cytotoxic effect of the enzyme on treated cells was dose-dependent with an IC50 value of 5.7 IU/ml. The Bax gene expression considerably raised by 5.75-fold (p < 0.001) upon L-ASNase treatment. On the other hand, the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene expression showed a 2.63-fold increase compared to the control (p < 0.05). It was detected that the mRNA levels of caspase-3 and p53 were considerably upregulated (5.93 and 1.85-fold, respectively). We did not find any alternation in the caspase-8 activity of the treated cells compared to untreated cells. Conclusion: In this research, the proliferation of the breast cancer cells remarkably inhibited via the cytotoxic effect of isolated L-ASNase from microbial sources.","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44677110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison Study on the Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Conditioned Medium Derived from Adipose and Wharton’s Jelly on Versican Gene Expression in Hypoxia","authors":"M. Khani, B. Burke, Marzieh Ebrahimi, S. Irani, Fattah Sotoodehnejad","doi":"10.52547/ibj.26.3.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ibj.26.3.202","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mesenchymal stem cells enhance tissue repair through paracrine effects following transplantation. The versican protein is one of the important factors contributing to this repair mechanism. Using MSC conditioned medium for cultivating monocytes may increase versican protein production and could be a good alternative for transplantation of MSCs. This study investigates the effect of culture medium conditioned by human MSCs on the expression of the versican gene in PBMCs under hypoxia-mimetic and normoxic conditions. Methods: The conditioned media used were derived from either adipose tissue or from WJ. Flow cytometry for surface markers (CD105, CD73, and CD90) was used to confirm MSCs. The PBMCs were isolated and cultured with the culture media of the MSC derived from either the adipose tissue or WJ. Desferrioxamine and cobalt chloride (200 and 300 µM final concentrations, respectively) were added to monocytes media to induce hypoxia-mimetic conditions. Western blotting was applied to detect HIF-1α protein and confirm hypoxia-mimetic conditions in PBMC. Versican gene expression was assessed in PBMC using RT-PCR. Western blotting showed that the expression of HIF-1α in PBMC increased significantly (p < 0.01). Results: RT-PCR results demonstrated that the expression of the versican and VEGF genes in PBMC increased significantly (p < 0.01) in hypoxia-mimetic conditions as compared to normoxia. Conclusion: Based on the findings in the present study, the secreted factors of MSCs can be replaced by direct use of MSCs to improve damaged tissues.","PeriodicalId":14500,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Biomedical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48872006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}