Iranian Journal of Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Key Characteristics of the Genus <i>Mentha</i>, Natural Compounds and Biotechnological Approaches for the Production of Secondary Metabolites.","authors":"Shirin Yousefian, Fazileh Esmaeili, Tahmineh Lohrasebi","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.380485.3605","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.380485.3605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The genus <i>Mentha</i> is one of the most aromatic and well-known members of the Lamiaceae family. A wide range of bioactive compounds has been reported in mints. Regarding the high economic importance of <i>Mentha</i> plants due to the presence of valuable metabolites, the demand for their products is growing exponentially. Therefore, to supply such demand, new strategies should be adopted to improve the yield and medicinal quality of the products.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>The current review is written based on scientific literature obtained from online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science regarding the characteristic features of some species of the genus <i>Mentha</i>, their distribution and cultivation, main uses and benefits, phytochemical composition, biotechnological approaches for the production of secondary metabolites, and strategies for enhanced production of mints secondary metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this article, we offer an overview of the key characteristics, natural compounds, biological properties, and medicinal uses of the genus <i>Mentha</i>. Current research describes biotechnological techniques such as <i>in vitro</i> culture methods for the production of high-value secondary metabolites. This review also highlights the strategies such as elicitation, genetic, and metabolic engineering to improve the secondary compounds production level in mint plants. Overall, it can be concluded that identifying the biosynthetic pathways, leading to the accumulation of pharmaceutically important bioactive compounds, has paved the way for developing highly productive mint plants with improved phytochemical profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"21 4","pages":"e3605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Polylactic acid/Fe₃O₄@β-Cyclodextrin Nanofibrous Nanocomposite Loaded with <i>Ferulago Angulata</i> Extract as a Novel Nano-biosorbent: Evaluation of Diazinon Removal and Antibacterial Activity.","authors":"Roya Behrooz, Dadkhoda Ghazanfari, Nahid Rastakhiz, Enayatollah Sheikhhosseini, Sayed Ali Ahmadi","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.392864.3682","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.392864.3682","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Organophosphate pesticides are one of the most extensively applied insecticides in agriculture. These insecticides persist in the environs and thereby cause severe pollution problems. Iron oxide polymer nanocomposites are wastewater remediation agents synthesized by various methods. When compared to chemical processes, green synthesis using plant extract is thought to be more cost- and environmentally-friendly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to evaluate the green synthesis of Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@β-Cyclodextrin (Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@β-CD) nanoparticles using &lt;i&gt;Ferulago angulata&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;F. angulata&lt;/i&gt;) methanol extract. These nanoparticles are loaded on polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibrous nanocomposite along with &lt;i&gt;Ferulago angulata&lt;/i&gt; extract (2, 4, and, 6wt %) to produce PLA/Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@β-CD/&lt;i&gt;F. angulata&lt;/i&gt; extract nanofibrous nanocomposite as a new nano biosorbent. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of this compound and its activity in diazinon removal have been evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@β-CD nanoparticles synthesis was performed via co-precipitation method using FeCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;.6H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and FeCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.4H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and β-cyclodextrin, and Ferulago angulata extract. Then polylactic acid/ Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@β-CD / F. angulate.extract nanofibrous nanocomposite was prepared by the electrospinning method. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the structure of the nanocomposite. The antibacterial activity of this nanocomposite against several fish and human bacterial pathogens, as well as its effectiveness in diazinon elimination, have been evaluated in the sections that follow.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The nanocomposite structure demonstrated that Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles were produced and put into the polylactic acid matrix with an average particle size of 40 nm. Furthermore, the results showed that this nanocomposite exhibited removal efficiency of diazinon over 80% after 120 minutes under pH=7 and 2.5 gr.L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; nanocomposite concentration. Also, this structure showed above 70% antibacterial ability against Bacillus cereus, &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus epidermidis&lt;/i&gt; and 60% antibacterial ability against &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus iniae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Yersinia ruckeri&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; nanocomposite synthesis may be accomplished in a delicate and efficient manner by using Ferulago angulata to produce Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@-CD nanoparticles. The stability of the nanoparticles was enhanced by combining &lt;i&gt;Ferulago angulata&lt;/i&gt; extract with polylactic acid nanofibers to create an antibacterial homocomposition nanocomposite. This device may be used to remove and dis","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"21 4","pages":"e3682"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a New Compound (4-Fluoro-2-Trifluoromethyl Imidazole) Extracted from a New Halophilic <i>Bacillus aquimaris</i> Strain Persiangulf TA2 Isolated from the Northern Persian Gulf with Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Effect.","authors":"Sara Taghavi, Effat Abbasi Montazeri, Roya Zekavati, Laleh Roomiani, Parvaneh Saffarian","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.338788.3359","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.338788.3359","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The unique ecosystem of the Persian Gulf has made it a rich source of natural antimicrobial compounds produced by various microorganisms, especially bacteria, which can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases, especially those of drug-resistant microbes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to identify antimicrobial compounds in the bacteria isolated from the northern region of the Persian Gulf in Abadan (Chavibdeh port), Iran, for the first time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Sampling was performed in the fall on November 15, 2019, from 10 different stations (water and sediment samples). The secondary metabolites of all isolates were extracted, and their antimicrobial effects were investigated. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing was used for the identification of the strains that showed the best inhibition against selected pathogens, and growth conditions were optimized for them. A fermentation medium in a volume of 5000 mL was prepared to produce the antimicrobial compound by the superior strain. The extracted antimicrobial compounds were identified using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for the superior strain. The effects of salinity, pH, and temperature on the production of antimicrobial compounds were determined by measuring the inhibitory region (mm) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Four new strains with antimicrobial properties (i.e., &lt;i&gt;Halomonas&lt;/i&gt; sp. strain Persiangulf TA1, &lt;i&gt;Bacillus aquimaris&lt;/i&gt; strain Persiangulf TA2, &lt;i&gt;Salinicoccus roseus&lt;/i&gt; strain Persiangulf TA4, and &lt;i&gt;Exiguobacterium profundum&lt;/i&gt; strain Persiangulf TA9) were identified. The optimum growth temperatures were determined at 37-30, 37, and 40 °C for TA1 and TA2, TA4, and TA9 strains, respectively. The optimum pH values for the four strains were 7, 6-7, 7.5, and 6.5-7.5, respectively. The optimal salt concentrations for the four strains were 15%, 2.5-5%, 7.5%, and 5%, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of strain Persiangulf TA2 showed extensive antimicrobial activity against human pathogens (75%) and MRSA. The most abundant compound identified in TA2 extract was the new compound 4-fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl imidazole. The MBC and MIC for the ethyl acetate extract of strain TA2 were 20 and 5 mg. mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt;), 40 and 20 mg. mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (MRSA, &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus faecalis&lt;/i&gt;), 40 and 10 mg. mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;i&gt;Acinetobacter baumannii&lt;/i&gt;), and 80 and 40 mg. mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus epidermidis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Shigella&lt;/i&gt; sp., &lt;i&gt;Bacillus cereus&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;), respectively. The optimal conditions for antibiotic production by TA2 strain were 5% salt concentration, pH of 7, and temperature of 35 °C.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"21 4","pages":"e3359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification of <i>Juglans Regia</i> Endophyte LTL-G3, Its Antifungal Potential and Bioactive Substances.","authors":"Yuanru Hao, Jianchao Hui, Tianyu Du, Xiangrui Ge, Meizhi Zhai","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.352005.3450","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.352005.3450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endophyte is one of the potential biocontrol agents for inhibiting plant pathogens. However, the mechanisms and characteristics involved in the inhibition of different phytopathogenic fungi by endophytes, especially walnut endophytes, are still largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to identify the walnut endophytic fungus LTL-G3 from a genetic point of view, assess the strain's antifungal activity, and determine the bioactivities of the substances it produces against plant pathogens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The homologous sequence of strain LTL-G3 was examined, and typical strains of the <i>Trichoderma virens</i> group were used to build NJ phylogenetic trees and analyze the taxonomic position of the strain. The biocontrol agent's antagonistic potential for many plant pathogenic fungi. By using silica gel G chromatography, the active components of the strain were separated and purified. The active components were identified using GC-MS and NMR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The strain LTL-G3 was identified as <i>Trichoderma virens</i>. Its fermentation and secondary metabolite extracts had a broad spectrum and strong inhibitory effect on the spread of six plant pathogens (<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, <i>Gloeosporium fructigenum</i>, <i>Phytophthora capsici</i>, <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, and <i>Valsa mali</i>) evaluated, of which, its inhibition rate against <i>Valsa mali</i> reached 76.6% (fermentation extract) and 100% (ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts). On silica gel G chromatography, bioactive compounds were divided into 6 fractions and 7 sub-fractions. Fr.2-2 was the sub-fraction that showed the greatest inhibitory against <i>V. mali</i>, as an inhibition percentage of 89.36% in 1 mg. mL^-1. Fifteen key inhibitory chemicals identified using GC-MS. By examining the NMR data, the chemical make-up of the precipitated white solid was identified. The inhibition rate against V. mali increased by over 95% at a dosage of 1 mg. mL^-1, indicating a significant linear association between compound A and that rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The strain LTL-G3 can be applied as an efficient biological control agent against <i>V. mali</i>, and its highly inhibitive secondary metabolites provide the mechanism for this action.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"21 4","pages":"e3450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Essential Oil Production and Expression of Some Menthol Biosynthesis-Related Genes in <i>Mentha piperita</i> Using Cyanobacteria.","authors":"Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi, Zeinab Shariatmadari, Hossein Riahi, Seyedeh Batool Hassani, Fatemeh Heidari, Majid Ghorbani Nohooji","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.368377.3550","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.368377.3550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Mentha piperita</i> L. is one of the most important aromatic crops and is cultivated worldwide for essential oils (EOs).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of two cyanobacteria, <i>Anabaena vaginicola</i> ISB42 and <i>Nostoc spongiaeforme</i> var. <i>tenue</i> ISB65, as biological-elicitors to improve the growth and essential oil production of <i>M. piperita</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this experiment, inoculation of <i>M. piperita</i> with cyanobacteria was performed by adding 1% cyanobacterial suspension to the soil of treated pots on the first time of planting and every 20 days thereafter. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design in an experimental greenhouse condition. After 90 days planting, the vegetative growth factors, the content of photosynthetic pigments, as well as the quantity and quality of EOs of treated and control plants were evaluated. Also, quantitative changes in the expression of some menthol biosynthesis-related genes were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cyanobacterial application led to significant increases in <i>M. piperita</i> growth indices including root and shoot biomass, leaf number, leaf area, node number and ramification, as well as photosynthetic pigments content. The statistical analysis showed a 41-75 % increase in some of these growth indices, especially in Nostoc-treated plants. <i>A. vaginicola</i> and <i>N. spongiaeforme</i> var. <i>tenue</i> inoculation led to a 13% and 25% increase in the EOs content of <i>M. piperita</i>, respectively. The EOs components were also affected by cyanobacterial treatments. According to the statistical analysis, Nostoc-treated plants showed the highest amount of (-)-menthone and (-)-limonene, with a 2.36 and 1.87-fold increase compared to the control. <i>A. vaginicola</i> and <i>N. spongiaeforme</i> var. <i>tenue</i> inoculation also led to 40% and 98% increase in transcript level of (-)-limonene synthase gene, respectively. The expression of the (-)-menthone reductase gene, was also increased by 65% and 55% in response to <i>A. vaginicola</i> and <i>N. spongiaeforme</i> var. <i>tenue</i> application, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data demonstrated that in addition to growth enhancement, these two heterocystous cyanobacteria improved the quantity and quality of EOs by up-regulating the key genes involved in the menthol biosynthetic pathway. Based on our results, these cyanobacteria can be considered valuable candidates in the formulation of low-cost and environmentally friendly biofertilizers in sustainable peppermint production.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"21 4","pages":"e3550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Circular RNA Expression Profiles in the Photoaging Mouse Model.","authors":"Qian Li, Mengbi Lin, Yalin Xie, Jie Zhang, Wei Lai","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.351439.3445","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.351439.3445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nude mouse has been widely used to study photoaging induced by long-term chronic UV exposure. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been previously identified in several diseases. However, the roles of circRNAs in photoaging and potential regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify specific circRNAs differentially expressed in photoaged skin and investigate their potential role in aging.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, we screened out the microarray data to profile the expression of circRNAs. The circRNAs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>36 circRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed between the UV group and control group (fold change > 1.5; P < 0.05), including 6 upregulated and 30 downregulated circRNAs. GO and KEGG biological pathway analyses indicated that the changes in circRNAs were associated with cancer, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This present study revealed a circRNAs expression profiling <i>in vivo</i>. These findings not only provide a new possibility to prevent the occurrence of photoaging but also have therapeutic values for photoaging and associated skin diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"21 4","pages":"e3445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> Gluten Degradation Using Recombinant Eurygaster Integriceps Prolyl Endoprotease: Implications for Celiac Disease.","authors":"Effat Noori, Mojgan Bandehpour, Mohammad Reza Zali, Bahram Kazemi","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.347693.3420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30498/ijb.2023.347693.3420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-sensitive chronic autoimmune enteropathy. A strict life-long gluten-free diet is the only efficient and accepted treatment until now. However, maintaining a truly gluten-free status is both difficult and costly, often resulting in a social burden for the person. Moreover, 2 to 5 percent of patients fail to improve clinically and histologically upon elimination of dietary gluten. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches, including gluten degrading enzymes, are an unmet need of celiac patients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the function of sunn pest prolyl endoprotease for gluten and gliadin hydrolysis in vitro.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The spPEP was expressed as a recombinant protein in <i>E. coli BL21 (DE3)</i>, and its catalytic activity was assessed by SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Production of a 100-kDa spPEP protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. Also, we demonstrate that spPEP efficiently degrades gluten and α-gliadin (30-40 kDa) in vitro under conditions similar to the GI and is resistant to pepsin and trypsin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The gathered data demonstrated that spPEP might be a novel candidate for Oral Enzymatic Therapy (OET) in CD and other gluten-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"21 3","pages":"e3420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10858359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extract of the Hairy Root of Native <i>Portulaca Oleracea</i> L. and Its Effect on Some Inflammatory Genes Expression in Rat Microglial Cells.","authors":"Somayeh Babashpour, Khosro Piri, Farzaneh Sabouni, Sevil Babashpour","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.323542.3249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30498/ijb.2023.323542.3249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most herbs play significant roles in the treatment of various diseases. Because dopamine functions in the anti-inflammatory process and the presence of this substance in <i>Portulaca Oleracea L.</i> native plant, investigating this plant's anti-inflammatory properties in treating neurological diseases is interesting.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to estimate the NO production and the expression level of inflammatory genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated microglial cells affected by <i>P. oleracea L.</i> extraction.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong><i>P. oleracea L.</i> hairy root extract was isolated, and the primary microglial cell of the rat was isolated from glial cells and confirmed by immunocytochemistry analysis. Microglial cells were pretreated with different concentrations of <i>P. oleracea L.</i> extract and then treated with 1 μg.mL^-1 LPS. The control group did not receive any treatment. The NO level in culture supernatants was measured by the Griess method. The mRNA expression levels of <i>iNOS</i> (inducible Nitric oxide synthase) and <i>TNF-α</i> (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in LPS-treated microglial cells were evaluated using Real-Time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study determined that 0.1 mg. mL^-1 of the <i>P. oleracea L.</i> extract decreased the NO production in rat microglial cells. Different concentrations of the <i>P. oleracea L.</i> extract had no prominent effects on LPS-treated cell viability. The results of real-time PCR indicated that <i>P. oleracea L</i> extracts suppressed the mRNA expression levels of <i>iNOS</i> and <i>TNF-α</i> in LPS-treated cells. MTT assay determined that <i>P. oleracea L.</i> extract was not cytotoxic, and the anti-inflammatory <i>P. oleracea L.</i> extract effects observed were not because of cell death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>P. oleracea L.</i> extract might be helpful as an anti-inflammatory agent in treating inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"21 3","pages":"e3249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10858354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloning, Prokaryotic Expression and Functional Characterization of <i>NifH</i> Gene from the Associative Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria <i>Klebsiella Variicola</i> DX120E.","authors":"Ying Qin, Yu-Yan Huang, Qaisar Khan, Kun-Kun Zhang, Dao-Jun Guo, Li-Tao Yang, Yang-Rui Li, Yong-Xiu Xing","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.352117.3451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30498/ijb.2023.352117.3451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a unique mechanism in which microorganisms utilize the nitrogenase enzyme to catalyze the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) to ammonia (NH₃). Fe protein, encoded by the <i>nifH</i> gene, is an essential component of the nitrogenase in <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> DX120E. However, the function of this gene in regulating nitrogen fixing activity is still unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to reveal the function of <i>nifH</i> gene in associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> DX120E and micro-sugarcane system by immunoassay and gene editing.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In the current investigation, the <i>nifH</i> gene was cloned in a pET-30a (+) vector and expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The NifH protein was purified and used to immunize rabbit, and then the serum was collected and purified to obtain rabbit anti-NifH polyclonal antibodies. The CRISPR-Cas9 system was applied to produce <i>nifH</i> mutant strains, and the nitrogen-fixing enzyme activity, gene, and protein expression were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> NifH proteins were detected by Western blotting, which were 43 and 32 kDa respectively. The expression of <i>nifD</i> and <i>nifK</i> genes was decreased, and nitrogenase activity was reduced in the <i>nifH</i> mutant strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The <i>nifH</i> gene mutant weakened the nitrogenase activity by regulating the expression of Fe protein, which suggests a potential strategy to study the nitrogen fixation-related genes and the interactions between endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and sugarcane.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"21 3","pages":"e3451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10858353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PPI Identification of Immune-Related Biomarkers in Esophageal Cancer on the Basis of Gene Co-Expression Network.","authors":"Shengjia Chen, Hongfu Zeng, Aiping Zhang, Jinlan Lin, Kai Zhu","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.341601.3377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30498/ijb.2023.341601.3377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The mortality rate of esophageal cancer is on the continuous increase. Fortunately, with the development of immunotherapy, the prognosis and survival rate of patients with esophageal cancer have been improved gradually.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Immune markers have a crucial part in immunotherapy. Therefore, it is of great meaning to delve further into immune-related biomarkers of esophageal cancer for better treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, gene co-expression networks were established using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, thus forming gene modules with different clusters. The tumor immune microenvironment was assessed with the ESTIMATE algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of the module Eigen gene -immune score trait indicated that the black module was markedly associated with immune score, with the top 80 genes regarding correlation ranking as the candidate hub gene set. Enrichment analysis revealed that genes within the black module were primarily enriched in tumor immune-related functions. To mine the hub genes that were closely connected with immunity, protein-protein interaction networks were constructed by STRING for genes within the black module, and genes with the interaction score top10 were retained. They were intersected with hub genes to finally obtain four hub genes: <i>CCR5, LCP2, PTPRC</i> and <i>TYROBP</i>. The samples were divided into high- and low-expression groups by the median expression of hub gene, and survival analysis was performed in combination with clinical information. The results revealed that the high-expression groups of genes <i>LCP2</i> and <i>PTPRC</i> had a poor prognosis. TIMER immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that the expression levels of the 4 hub genes were positively correlated with immune cell infiltration and negatively correlated with tumor purity. In addition, these 4 hub genes were correlated with the expression of immune checkpoint genes <i>CTLA-4</i> and <i>PDCD1</i> positively. Gene set enrichment analysis enrichment analysis demonstrated that there were differences in tumor immunity and cancer-related pathways between high and low expression of 4 hub genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Altogether, we identified four biomarkers that may have connection with tumor immunity, and speculated that these genes may influence patient prognosis by affecting pathways related to esophageal cancer immunity. This study will pave the way for the research of immune mechanisms of esophageal cancer and the analysis of patient's prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"21 3","pages":"e3377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10858357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}