Intestinal Research最新文献

{"title":"JAK inhibitor, a new player for treatment-refractory microscopic colitis.","authors":"Anne Druez, Simon Travis, Jean-François Rahier","doi":"10.5217/ir.2023.00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00030","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 411 Informed consent has been obtained. Rheumatoid arthritis was diagnosed and treated conventionally with steroids, nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs and methotrexate. A decreased vascular colonic pattern was observed during endoscopy while histologic evaluation showed both an increased number of inflammatory cells within the lamina propria and increased intraepithelial CD3 positive lymphocytes revealing a diagnosis of LC. Nonsteroidal therapy was reduced when the diagnosis of LC was made. She was not receiving any other medication. Budesonide and systemic corticosteroids (prednisolone up to 20 mg/day) had no effect on the diarrhea. After 12 months, anti-TNF therapy was started for her rheumatoid arthritis but this also had no impact on the diarrhea. Diarrhea persisted, with a substantial effect on her quality of life, as did LC, confirmed histologically (no fewer than 5 procedures over 4 years), until her rheumatoid arthritis lost response to anti-TNF therapy. To offer better control of the rheumatoid condition, she was then switched to upadacitinib (UPA), a selective Janus kinase inhibitor-1 (JAK 1) inhibitor (15 mg once daily) and unexpectedly, her diarrhea resolved within days. Endoscopic evaluation 5 months after UPA initiation revealed a normal mucosa and complete normalization of the histologic lesions. Sixteen months after initiation, the patient remains free of diarrhea and continues UPA 15 mg/day. The etiology and pathophysiology of MC are not well understood but MC shows a T-helper 1 (Th1) mucosal cytokine profile. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is the dominant cytokine in CC, but TNF-α in LC, together with increased mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-15. There is also evidence of a mixed pISSN 1598-9100 • eISSN 2288-1956 https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00030 Intest Res 2023;21(3):411-412","PeriodicalId":14481,"journal":{"name":"Intestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/19/0b/ir-2023-00030.PMC10397550.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10294547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease-Asian perspectives: the results of a multinational web-based survey in the 8th Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis meeting.","authors":"Eun Mi Song,&nbsp;Soo-Young Na,&nbsp;Sung Noh Hong,&nbsp;Siew Chien Ng,&nbsp;Tadakazu Hisamatsu,&nbsp;Byong Duk Ye","doi":"10.5217/ir.2022.00135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>As the characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) differ between Asians and Westerners, it is necessary to determine adequate therapeutic strategy for Asian IBD patients. We evaluated the current treatment of IBD in Asian countries/regions using a web-based survey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases conducted a multinational web-based survey for current IBD care in Asia between September 16, 2020, and November 13, 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 384 doctors treating IBD patients from 24 Asian countries/regions responded to the survey. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, anti-integrins, and anti-interleukin-12/23 agents were available for use by 93.8%, 72.1%, and 70.1% of respondents in Asian countries/regions. Compared with a previous survey performed in 2014, an increased tendency for treatment with biologics, including anti-TNF agents, was observed. In the treatment of corticosteroid-refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis, 72.1% of respondents chose anti-TNF agents, followed by tacrolimus (11.7%). In the treatment of corticosteroid-refractory Crohn's disease, 90.4% chose anti-TNF agents, followed by thiopurines (53.1%), anti-interleukin-12/23 agents (39.3%), and anti-integrin agents (35.7%). In the treatment of Crohn's disease patients refractory to anti-TNF agents, the most preferred strategy was to measure serum levels of anti-TNF and anti-drug antibodies (40.9%), followed by empiric dose escalation or shortening of dosing intervals (25.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although there were some differences, treatment strategies for patients with IBD were mostly similar among Asian doctors. Based on the therapeutic outcomes, it is necessary to identify the most appropriate therapeutic strategy for Asian IBD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14481,"journal":{"name":"Intestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5d/dc/ir-2022-00135.PMC10397553.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9992796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis, management, and prevention of infectious complications in inflammatory bowel disease: variations among Asian countries.","authors":"Ji Eun Baek,&nbsp;Sung Wook Hwang","doi":"10.5217/ir.2023.00076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00076","url":null,"abstract":"Article: Infectious complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: the results of a multinational web-based survey in the 8th Asian Organization for Crohn’s and Colitis meeting (Intest Res 2023;21:353-362","PeriodicalId":14481,"journal":{"name":"Intestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f7/7b/ir-2023-00076.PMC10397542.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10295117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features of enteric and colo-duodenal fistula in patients with Crohn's disease.","authors":"Jun Su Lee,&nbsp;Sang-Bum Kang,&nbsp;Kwangbeom Park,&nbsp;Yong Sik Yoon,&nbsp;Chang Sik Yu,&nbsp;Sung Wook Hwang,&nbsp;Byong Duk Ye,&nbsp;Suk-Kyun Yang,&nbsp;Jong Lyul Lee,&nbsp;Sang Hyoung Park","doi":"10.5217/ir.2022.00125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00125","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 406 resection for management of CD. Usually, ECDF originates from diseased small and large intestines, not the duodenum. The common symptoms of ECDF are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. However, these symptoms are difficult to distinguish from the symptoms of active CD, which makes early detection of ECDF difficult. The high intraluminal pressure found in the large intestine than in the duodenum in ECDF, colonic contents can flow back to the duodenum, but pylorus acts as a barrier to the reflux of the contents. Therefore, fecal vomiting is a pathognomonic symptom but very rare, occurring in only 0.5% to 2% of the cases. Further, ECDF is diagnosed by clinical manifestation, radiologic images, endoscopy, and intraoperative findings. Among them, contrast radiography is the most sensitive diagnostic tool, and barium enema is more susceptible than barium meal. Further, surgery is the most common ECDF treatment; no case has been reported to be cured with medical treatment, including with infliximab, which exhibits good effects on perianal fistulizing CD. In addition, surgery after failed biologic treatment increases postoperative complications in patients with CD. For these reasons, surgical treatment for ECDF is preferred even in the biologic era. However, since ECDF cases are rare, and surgery is not easy, the appropriate diagnostic approach and treatment for ECDF are controversial. Also, outcomes and long-term follow-up data of ECDF are not known. Therefore, we sought to investigate the clinical features of ECDF in patients with CD in Korea. We investigated all the CD patients with ECDF in a large tertiary hospital (Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea) between pISSN 1598-9100 • eISSN 2288-1956 https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00125 Intest Res 2023;21(3):406-410","PeriodicalId":14481,"journal":{"name":"Intestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fe/8e/ir-2022-00125.PMC10397546.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10311813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How have treatment patterns for patients with inflammatory bowel disease changed in Asian countries?","authors":"Jihye Park","doi":"10.5217/ir.2023.00061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00061","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 275 gy of IBD, according to the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, from 1990 to 2019, age-standardized prevalence increased most rapidly in East Asia and high-income Asia-Pacific regions. According to the healthcare costs, van Linschoten et al. assessed the cost of illness of IBD according to each continent including Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania from 1985 to 2018. The healthcare costs were increasing on all continents, and the cost trend is primarily attributable to an increase in medication costs. Although costs in Asia were lower than in Europe and North America, but no studies from Asia or Oceania were eligible for this analysis at that time period. In summary, it is essential to understand treatment patterns for IBD in Asian countries, because of rapid increase of IBD in Asia due to Westernization, changes in prescription patterns in the West over time, and unique characteristics between the East and the West. The organizing committee of the Asian Organization for Crohn’s and Colitis (AOCC) reported first web-based survey results for the current status of IBD management conducted by 353 Asian medical doctors from Korea, China, Japan, India, Hon Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia in the 2nd annual AOCC meeting in 2014. For mild to moderate UC and mild to moderate Crohn’s disease (CD), 5-aminosalicylic acid treatment were common first line therapy in Asian countries. For steroid-refractory acute severe UC, most physicians selected anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents followed by cyclosporine, on the contrary, Japanese pISSN 1598-9100 • eISSN 2288-1956 https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00061 Intest Res 2023;21(3):275-276","PeriodicalId":14481,"journal":{"name":"Intestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/91/67/ir-2023-00061.PMC10397554.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9992798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of venous thromboembolism with a central venous catheter in hospitalized Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a propensity score-matched cohort study.","authors":"Yasuhiro Aoki,&nbsp;Hiroki Kiyohara,&nbsp;Yohei Mikami,&nbsp;Kosaku Nanki,&nbsp;Takaaki Kawaguchi,&nbsp;Yusuke Yoshimatsu,&nbsp;Shinya Sugimoto,&nbsp;Tomohisa Sujino,&nbsp;Kaoru Takabayashi,&nbsp;Naoki Hosoe,&nbsp;Haruhiko Ogata,&nbsp;Yasushi Iwao,&nbsp;Takanori Kanai","doi":"10.5217/ir.2022.00116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Thromboprophylaxis is recommended for hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Western countries, although it is selectively administered to high-risk patients in East Asia. A central venous catheter (CVC) is commonly placed in patients with IBD. Although CVC placement is considered a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), the degree of increased risk in patients with IBD is uncertain. This study aimed to identify the risk of VTE with CVC placement in hospitalized Japanese patients with IBD without thromboprophylaxis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease who were admitted for disease flares at Keio University Hospital between January 2016 and December 2020. Patients who already had thrombosis or were administered any antithrombotic treatment on admission were excluded. VTE development during the hospitalization was surveyed, and VTE risk associated with CVC indwelling was estimated using propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Altogether, 497 hospitalized patients with IBD (ulcerative colitis, 327; Crohn's disease, 170) were enrolled. VTE developed in 9.30% (12/129) of catheterized patients and in 0.82% (3/368) of non-catheterized patients. The propensity score matching yielded 127 matched pairs of patients. The catheterized group demonstrated higher odds for VTE than the non-catheterized group (odds ratio, 13.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.68-102.70). A similar result was obtained in the inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis (odds ratio, 11.02; 95% confidence interval, 2.64-46.10).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CVC placement is a major risk factor for VTE among hospitalized Japanese patients with IBD without thromboprophylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14481,"journal":{"name":"Intestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fb/dd/ir-2022-00116.PMC10397547.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9934159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in inflammatory bowel disease: implications for clinical practice and future directions.","authors":"Harris A Ahmad,&nbsp;James E East,&nbsp;Remo Panaccione,&nbsp;Simon Travis,&nbsp;James B Canavan,&nbsp;Keith Usiskin,&nbsp;Michael F Byrne","doi":"10.5217/ir.2023.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease encompasses Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and is characterized by uncontrolled, relapsing, and remitting course of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Artificial intelligence represents a new era within the field of gastroenterology, and the amount of research surrounding artificial intelligence in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is on the rise. As clinical trial outcomes and treatment targets evolve in inflammatory bowel disease, artificial intelligence may prove as a valuable tool for providing accurate, consistent, and reproducible evaluations of endoscopic appearance and histologic activity, thereby optimizing the diagnosis process and identifying disease severity. Furthermore, as the applications of artificial intelligence for inflammatory bowel disease continue to expand, they may present an ideal opportunity for improving disease management by predicting treatment response to biologic therapies and for refining the standard of care by setting the basis for future treatment personalization and cost reduction. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the unmet needs in the management of inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice and how artificial intelligence tools can address these gaps to transform patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14481,"journal":{"name":"Intestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/57/4e/ir-2023-00020.PMC10397545.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9937619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal of novel staging system CNM (Crohn's primary site, nodes, mesentery) to predict postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease.","authors":"Guduru Venkat Rao,&nbsp;Partha Pal,&nbsp;Anuradha Sekaran,&nbsp;Pradeep Rebala,&nbsp;Manu Tandan,&nbsp;D Nageshwar Reddy","doi":"10.5217/ir.2022.00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After oncologic resection, histological grading and staging of the tumor give important prognostic information about the future risk of recurrence and hence influence the subsequent management plan. Several studies and their meta-analysis have shown that various histological features (e.g., microscopic positive resection margins, plexitis, granuloma, mesenteric inflammatory activity) can predict postoperative clinical/endoscopic/surgical recurrence after resection in Crohn's disease (CD). Inclusion of mesentery in surgical resection specimens has been shown to reduce surgical recurrence after ileocolonic resection in CD. However, there is no uniform histopathological staging system for risk stratification in postoperative CD to systematically predict postoperative recurrence. This is because the prediction to date is based on clinical characteristics (smoking status, disease phenotype, surgical history). Histopathological predictors are still not adopted in routine clinical practice due to the lack of a uniform staging system, heterogeneity of published studies and lack of standardized definition of histological features. In this article, we attempted to incorporate all such histological features in a single histological staging system CNM (Crohn's primary site [resection margin positivity, plexitis, granuloma, depth of infiltration], nodes [presence of granuloma], mesentery [involved or not]) in surgical resection specimen in CD. The proposed CNM classification would help to enable systematic reporting, design future clinical trials, stratify postoperative recurrence risk and choose appropriate postoperative prophylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14481,"journal":{"name":"Intestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/60/f7/ir-2022-00045.PMC10169520.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9453565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Asian perspective on irritable bowel syndrome.","authors":"Kee Wook Jung,&nbsp;Seung-Jae Myung","doi":"10.5217/ir.2021.00136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent chronic disorder, and its epidemiology depends on the diagnostic criteria used. Recently, the Rome IV criteria for IBS were published by changing the frequency of abdominal pain and excluding abdominal discomfort from the previously used Rome III criteria. However, the recent Asian consensus on IBS recommends the inclusion of abdominal discomfort and abdominal pain as diagnostic criteria. The low fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet has been proven to be effective in Western patients. Moreover, recent well-designed studies reported its effectiveness and the microbial changes after implementing it in Asian patients with IBS. However, traditional Korean foods including kimchi, one of representative FODMAP-rich food, exhibited a poor correlation with the food-related symptoms of IBS. Therefore, the low FODMAP diet protocol should be cautiously applied to IBS patients, especially to Korean patients with IBS. In Asian countries, there are lots of traditional herbal medicines and treatments for IBS; however, these studies have limitations including the heterogeneity of herbal mixtures and relatively small sample size. Therefore, well-designed studies based on large samples are required to validate complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of Asian patients with IBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14481,"journal":{"name":"Intestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/04/c1/ir-2021-00136.PMC10169513.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9453544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of butyrate-producing atypical Escherichia coli in a murine colitis model.","authors":"Ji Hyung Kim,&nbsp;Jee In Yoo,&nbsp;Hyun Woo Ma,&nbsp;I Seul Park,&nbsp;Mijeong Son,&nbsp;Yoojin Shin,&nbsp;Ki Beom Kim,&nbsp;Seung Won Kim,&nbsp;Si Jae Park,&nbsp;Jihye Park","doi":"10.5217/ir.2022.00112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00112","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1 ing a 2-plasmid system capable of introducing foreign genes and overexpressing genes for gene expression in the butyric acid metabolic cycle (Supplementary Fig. 1, Supplementary Table 1). Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups; control+phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (n = 3), dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)+PBS (n = 4), DSS+atEc (n = 4), and DSS+butyrate atEc groups (n = 4). Male C57BL/6 mice (8-week-old) were treated with 1 × 10 bacteria in 0.2 mL PBS daily by oral gavage before and after the induction of DSS colitis (from day 0 to day 12) (Fig. 1A). DSS (2.5% [w/v]; MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH, USA) was added to their drinking water from day 3 of gavage and continued for day 9, and water was changed to DSS-free water before euthanization. All mice were sacrificed 12 days after the onset of the study. Mice were monitored for survival, body weight loss, disease activity index, and colon length. Parts of the distal colon were cut into 2 to 3 pieces for periodic acid-Schiff staining and histologic scoring was obtained. All animal testing complied with all applicable Korean laws and was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Yonsei University Severance Hospital (Seoul, Korea) (IACUC No. 2019-0241). The experiments complied with the approved IACUC guidelines. All results are expressed as standard error of the mean. GraphPad Software (La Jolla, CA, USA) was used for all analyses. The significance of differences between conditions was assessed using one-way or two-way analysis of variance followed by Holm-Sidak or Tukey’s multiple comparison test, respectively. pISSN 1598-9100 • eISSN 2288-1956 https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00112 Intest Res, Published online November 14, 2022","PeriodicalId":14481,"journal":{"name":"Intestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0c/1b/ir-2022-00112.PMC10169521.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9441436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}