2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)最新文献

{"title":"Tests on scalability of a strip-line based TOF PET signal readout method","authors":"Heejong Kim, Chin-Tu Chen, N. Eclov, A. Ronzhin, E. Ramberg, S. Los, P. Murat, C. Kao","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7430914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7430914","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated the strip-line based SiPM signal readout method for TOF PET application; output of multiple SiPMs are connected on a single transmission-line, and signal waveforms from SiPMs are acquired at both ends of the strip-line by using high speed waveform sampler. This approach enables to decode the position of interaction along the transmission-line by using arrival time difference, and thus could reduce the number of readout electronics channels efficiently while keeping the fast time response of SiPMs. The scalability is one of the features of the strip-line readout method; the length of strip-line and the number of SiPMs connected on the strip can be easily extendable without increasing electronics channels. Previously we have built a prototype board with four strip-lines each with eight SiPMs (5.2mm pitch) installed on it, and demonstrated that the strip-line readout method is applicable for TOF PET. To check the scalability of the readout method, we modified the prototype board to connect two separate strip-lines into one single strip-line. From the laser test bench, the electronic time resolution along the strip is measured to be ~36ps fwhm (equivalent to 1.7mm fwhm in position) and found that the time resolution is not degraded by doubling SiPMs on a strip.","PeriodicalId":144711,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123173788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model for the design of a prompt gamma detection system using large scintillators and digital silicon photomultipliers","authors":"K. Romer, G. Pausch, M. Berthel, A. Dreyer, W. Enghardt, C. Golnik, F. Hueso-González, Paul Jannusch, T. Kormoll, J. Petzoldt, H. Rohling, S. Schone, F. Fiedler","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431072","url":null,"abstract":"Proton therapy is supposed to be advantageous compared to classical radiation therapy in oncology. But range uncertainties can arise easily and have to be corrected for, preferably immediately during irradiation. Prompt gammas are a good means of instantaneous localization of the dose deposition. Detection systems have to cope with high counting rates, an energy region of up to several MeV and increased background due to secondary emissions, while providing reliable information on energy, timing and location of the detected gamma ray. Various concepts utilize these prompt gammas for dose verification like collimated systems, Compton cameras or prompt gamma timing method. The digital silicon photomultiplier (dSiPM), being a favorable alternative to PMTs because of good timing performances and no requirement of further electronics, has been modelled in order to understand the complex behavior when working with monolithic scintillation crystals. Especially the selection of trigger- and validation-parameters may lead to different spectrum shapes. This model will be helpful for finding best parameter settings for the required task, because it determines the photons lost in various processes as well as the trigger timing information. Comparison of modelled spectra and measured spectra are presented.","PeriodicalId":144711,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115740124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of the DAFNE Beam Test Facility's microbunching structure with Micro-Channel Plate based Cherenkov detector","authors":"F. Iacoangeli, B. Buonuomo, G. Cavoto, L. Foggetta, P. Valente","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431157","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a Cherenkov detector for proton Flux Measurement (CpFM), based on a compact Hamamatsu Micro-Channel Plate photomultiplier tube (MCP-PMT), to outline the fine microbunching structure of the DAFNE Beam-Test Facility (BTF).","PeriodicalId":144711,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115750004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic evaluation of three-dimensional position sensitive CdTe detector unit for clinical use of ultra-high resolution human PET scanner","authors":"S. Takyu, K. Ishii, Y. Kikuchi, A. Terakawa, S. Matsuyama, A. Ahmed, T. Matsuyama, K. Takahata, Shinya Igarashi, Y. Sakurada, R. Ito, Yohei Yamamoto","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7430886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7430886","url":null,"abstract":"We develop ultra-high resolution human PET scanner with the world's first resolution of less than 1 mm, which is used CdTe type semiconductor detectors. The aim of this study is that we develop three-dimensional position sensitive CdTe detector units which construct PET scanner, and evaluate basic performance of this scanner. Here we report about progress and outcome of its development. As the detector of our scanner, we developed position sensitive CdTe detectors (2D-PSD) two-dimensional . It can acquire interaction position inside the detector with positional resolution of 1.2 mm. By densely stacking 2D-PSD and subsequent circuits (Amplifiers, ADC, and other processing circuits), we developed three-dimensional position sensitive CdTe detector units. By placing these detector units with shape of decagon, we constructed PET gantry. In order to determine the operating conditions of the scanner, we performed evaluation and improvement of each detector unit. We confirmed high performance of each detector unit from their results, but we found out some of detectors indicate low performance and they need more improvement. Also we could determine the operating conditions (Setting values of bias voltage and each signal processing) to detectors from their results. For polarization phenomena of CdTe detector, we developed a bias reset system and decided its operating condition by experimental results. Next we evaluated the basic performance of the scanner.We moved a point source three directions in the field of view, and we evaluated basic spatial resolution. Finally we performed some phantom measurements, and we could obtain reconstruction images of their phantoms. By this research, we could forward development of the scanner to the stage of phantom study. However improvement of detector performance is a significant issue in the future. We will continue to evaluate performance of the scanner for clinical use.","PeriodicalId":144711,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116885621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for daily setup and quality checks of LSO:Ce based time of flight positron emission tomographs","authors":"H. Rothfuss, V. Martin, A. Moor, J. Young, J. Kolb, L. Eriksson","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7430916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7430916","url":null,"abstract":"The setup of PET scanners usually requires an external positron source. A correct setup procedure has to ensure that the detectors are calibrated for gain adjustments, photopeak locations, and positioning maps for individual detector crystals. In order to verify the quality of the setup on a daily basis, daily quality checks are performed where the variations are checked with an external source and flagged if a new setup should be performed. Performing equivalent checks and calibrations using the intrinsic radiation of LSO have successfully been studied previously. Using additional information given by the time of flight information, the intrinsic source originating from the isotope 176Lu can create very accurate setup data within time durations allowing daily scheduling of data collection. The addition of time of flight information also gives an intrinsic method to check the timing calibration essential to time of flight PET scanners. This intrinsic automated setup and quality checks are performed daily without the need of an operator or mechanical devices, creating a consistent condition that data is collected in.","PeriodicalId":144711,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127439974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clad failure detection system based on Delayed Neutron Detection without photoneutron noise for Sodium-cooled fast reactors","authors":"E. Rohée, R. Coulon, C. Jammes, S. Normand, F. Carrel, F. Lainé, H. Hamrita, P. Filliatre","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431098","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of failed fuel detection in Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFR), Delayed Neutrons Detection (DND) systems are implemented. This study deals with the design optimization of such a system by Monte-Carlo particle transport simulation (MCNP). During a clad failure, neutron precursor fission products (mainly halogen ones: 137I, 87Br, 88Br) escape into the primary coolant. The detection of these precursors through their delayed neutrons ensures a diagnosis on clad failures events. In DND systems, 3He proportional counters are chosen as the best available technology for neutron detection purposes. Associated with 3He counters, polyethylene blankets are required in order to thermalize neutrons. Feedbacks from past SFR have shown an important noise coming from photoneutrons mitigating the signal-to-noise ratio. These photoneutrons originate from the 2D(γ,n) reaction in polyethylene (in natural abundance) and is due to the 24Na activity. Another material avoiding photoneutrons production is considered in this paper as moderator. Indeed, the graphite appears as a good candidate, sufficiently light for neutron thermalization and with a C(γ,n) reaction threshold higher than energies considered here. The first simulations run with MCNPX code provide satisfactory results for a low-noise DND system based on graphite thermalizing.","PeriodicalId":144711,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127541110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a high resolution detector for positron emission mammography","authors":"Ashwin A. Wagadarikar, S. Dolinsky","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7430997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7430997","url":null,"abstract":"Various PET detector configurations were investigated for the design of a compact, high spatial resolution PET detector block for the PET/X system. This system is being designed as a dedicated breast imager with high quantitative accuracy for monitoring response to new cancer therapies. The block's spatial resolution, count rate capability, number of readout channels, energy and timing resolution were optimized. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to model the expected singles rates from the breast and surrounding organs on the PET detector blocks. The results were used to optimize the block size and determine the expected pileup probability. Silicon photomultiplier based photosensor arrays from Hamamatsu and SensL were evaluated with two different scintillator arrays consisting of 2×2 mm2 crystals separated by ESR and sub-surface laser engraving. Row/column readout electronics were used to study light sharing within the scintillator crystals and to optimize light spread through light guides when coupling the scintillators to the photosensors. 4-corner readout electronics were chosen to readout the detector block, as this minimized the number of readout channels per block. A block consisting of an ESR-separated LYSO crystal array coupled to Hamamatsu's through-silicon-via MPPC array demonstrated excellent crystal resolvability, 14% energy resolution and 1.2 ns coincidence resolving time. In addition, the depth-of-interaction of the incident photons was found by adding an extra layer of ESR-separated LYSO crystals staggered by 1 mm in each axis.","PeriodicalId":144711,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125831698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid decomposition method for dual energy CT","authors":"Le Shen, Yuxiang Xing, Li Zhang, Qingping Huang, Xin Jin","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7430897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7430897","url":null,"abstract":"Dual energy CT (DECT) can target to reconstruct the spatial distribution of the electron density and the atomic number or the mass density of materials. In the literature, there are two kinds of processing methods for DECT to incorporate analytically the basis function decomposition. Taking decomposition in projection-domain before spatial reconstruction is referred as pre-processing method, while taking decomposition from the low energy and high energy attenuation images reconstructed directly from two energy projection data is post-processing method. In this paper, we propose a hybrid decomposition method which combines the thoughts of both preprocess and post-process methods. In our method, two distinct virtual monochromatic projection data is firstly estimated. Then, the material information is extracted from virtual monochromatic attenuation images reconstructed. We demonstrate that our method is more accurate than the pre-processing and post-processing method in simulation studies. Furthermore, the virtual monochromatic attenuation, electron density, atomic number and basis material density can be achieved simultaneously by performing a standard reconstruction twice only, which makes the proposed method computational efficient and practical.","PeriodicalId":144711,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126037593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pile-up discrimination method applied to novel gamma-ray detectors based on SiPMs arrays","authors":"J. Barberá, Antonio J. González, V. Carrilero, C. Correcher, L. Hernández, C. Molinos, F. Sánchez, J. Benlloch","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431139","url":null,"abstract":"SiPMs-based gamma ray detectors have shown a significant development impulse in recent years due to a number of advantages, namely: good time response, small size, magnetic field immunity and low cost. We have designed a special SiPM array formed by 12×12 SiPMs of 3×3 mm2 active area (FB-30035, SensL) that covers a total photosensor area of 5×5 cm2 for gamma ray detection in PET scanners. When thick crystals are considered, pile-up events increase with the scintillation material volume leading to a loss of events and spatial distortions in the image.","PeriodicalId":144711,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123316488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature properties of scintillators for PET detectors: A comparative study","authors":"W. Wolszczak, M. Moszynski, T. Szczesniak, M. Grodzicka, K. Kacperski","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7430768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7430768","url":null,"abstract":"In the comparative measurements, done in the same experimental conditions, various samples of NaI:Tl, CsI:Na, BGO, GSO, LSO, LuAG:Pr, LaBr3 and GAGG scintillators were tested. The temperature dependence of the light output, energy resolution and decay time constants of the light pulses were measured over the temperature range of -30 to 50 °C. The XP2020 photomultiplier was used with two different dividers: one optimized for light output and energy resolution measurement and the other one for the decay time constant. In the study of the light output the number of photoelectrons per energy unit (phe/MeV) was measured using Bertolaccini method. The light pulse shape was taken using the anode signal recorded by a digital oscilloscope triggered by a single channel analyzer set on 662 keV energy.","PeriodicalId":144711,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125366622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}