International Journal of Virology and AIDS最新文献

{"title":"First Report of Recombination Analysis of Betasatellite and Aplhasatellite Sequence Isolated from an Ornamental Plant Marigold in India: An in silico Approach","authors":"A. Marwal, R. Prajapat, R. Gaur","doi":"10.3923/IJV.2016.10.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJV.2016.10.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14458,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virology and AIDS","volume":"139 1","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79896358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Molecular Detection of Genetically Diverted Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O During the Outbreak of 2012 in Egypt","authors":"S. Rahman, B. Hoffmann, B. Haas, Mohammed El Beskawy, M. Othman, M. Eladl","doi":"10.3923/IJV.2015.96.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJV.2015.96.111","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the international trade of animals and their products and the continuous changing of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) lead to the rise of disease introductions and create an urgent need for laboratory methods facilitating a swift and sensitive confirmation of suspect outbreaks and fast characterization of new isolates. As FMDV is extremely contagious and affects all cloven-hoofed animals, it provides a continuous burden and risk to the livestock industries of the developing world, in particular due to mortality in young animals, weight and milk loss, lameness and the trade restrictions necessary to control the disease. The control of FMD in Egypt requires an accurate analysis of the newly introduced viral strains and an analysis of their relationship with the current circulating strains and the routinely used vaccines. This study evaluates a recently developed rapid Reverse-Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) for the identification of FMDV in samples from suspect cases. Samples were collected from gum, tongue epithelium, vesicular fluid, buccal and gum swabs, as well as saliva of infected cattle, buffalo and sheep and examined using two RT-qPCR of routine and high-speed formats using \"IRES1\" and \"3D-OIE\" primers. In addition, partial VP1 sequencing of some selected isolates was carried out for phylogenetic analysis. The high-speed RT-qPCR allowed a reliable diagnosis of FMDV in less than half an hour and can be used as a fast and valuable method for the monitoring and controlling of the foot and mouth disease. A new variant genotype (FMD-O/Eg/Mans/14) was circulating in Egypt during the outbreak of 2012 showing 98.5% identity to the isolated strain in Sudan (SUD_6_2008).","PeriodicalId":14458,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virology and AIDS","volume":"24 1","pages":"96-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73015728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero-Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Viral Hepatitis in Urban Yemen","authors":"B.A.H. Al Nabehi, H. A. Shamahy, W. Saeed, E. G. Khalil, A. Musa, Ahmed M. ElHasssan","doi":"10.3923/IJV.2015.133.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJV.2015.133.138","url":null,"abstract":"Viral hepatitis is an acute or chronic neglected disease that affects predominantly the liver. This study aimed to determine the sero prevalence and risk factors for viral hepatitis and HCV genotypes in urban areas of Yemen. In a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical and community-based study and following informed consent, 501 volunteers were randomly recruited. Demographic and clinical data was collected. Screening for HBV, HDV and HCV was carried out using ELISA. HBV/HCV viral loads and HCV genotyping were carried out using COBAS TaqMan48 Analyzer (Roche Diagnostics Gmbh, Germany). The mean age of study population was 25.9±10.6 years with a male: female ratio of 1. HBV sero prevalence was similar in Sana'a, Taiz and Aden (p = 0.2). Evidence of past HBV infection was significantly high in Aden and Taiz (14.1 and 18.8%, respectively) compared to Sana’a (5.4%) (p = 0.002). HBV DNA Viral loads were widely variable (1350 and 6320 copies mLG). HCV sero prevalence was low and not significantly different in the study cities (p = 0.4). HCV Viral loads were widely variable between samples (657300-1630000 copies mLG). HCV Genotypes 4 and 1a were the most predominant genotypes. Blood transfusion (19%), renal dialysis (18.6%), history of cupping (18.1%), surgical operation (17.4%) and dental treatment (15.4%) were the most common risk factors for HBV and HCV sero reactivity. In conclusion, HBV sero prevalence is variable among different geographical areas in Yemen. Past exposure to HBV is high. Blood transfusion and contaminated surgical instruments are important infection risks for viral hepatitis. HCV genotypes 4 and 1a are the most prevalent.","PeriodicalId":14458,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virology and AIDS","volume":"60 1","pages":"133-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75149736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Comparison Between Coat Protein Gene of Alfalfa mosaic virus Isolate Infecting Potato Crop in Upper Egypt and Worldwide Isolates","authors":"O. Abdalla, Safynaz A. Mohamed, A. Eraky, F. G. Fahmay","doi":"10.3923/IJV.2015.112.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJV.2015.112.122","url":null,"abstract":"Alfalfa mosaic virus is one of the most important viruses infecting potato worldwide. Genetic comparison between Coat Protein (CP) gene of AMV isolate infecting potato in Upper Egypt (AMV-Assiut) and worldwide isolates was carried out in this study. The AMV-Assiut isolate shared similarity in CP gene ranged from 90-95 and 95-97% in nucleotide and amino acid sequences of CP gene, respectively. The AMV-Assiut shared the highest similarity with Egyptian AMV isolates (Wady Elnatron) and AMV isolate from Croatia in case of nucleotide and amino acid, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AMV isolates tend to cluster into two main groups, with additional clustering of AMV isolates in each group into two subgroups, supporting the hypothesis of existence two main strains of AMV. No clear geographical or host origin structure was found among AMV isolates.","PeriodicalId":14458,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virology and AIDS","volume":"41 1","pages":"112-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85682560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J from Commercial Peking Duck Breeder Farm in Egypt","authors":"W. Kilany, M. Soliman, Marwa M Safwat, O. Mehana, M. A. Magid, Mohamed K. Hassan, S. Nasif","doi":"10.3923/IJV.2015.139.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJV.2015.139.145","url":null,"abstract":"Avian Leukosis Virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is widely described in meat-type chickens and layers type but rarely observed in ducks. In this study, two flocks of Peking duck breeder bred in Egypt showed 25-30% mortality, 20-30% drop in egg production and 60-65% drop in hatchability. Gross picture showed severe enlargement of liver, spleen, white raised nodules in heart and ovarian atrophy in all examined birds. The liver and spleen had diffuse, multifocal white raised foci on the surface as well as on the cut-surface. Histopathological examination revealed numerous myelocytes with bigger volume, large peripheral nucleus and packed reddish cytoplasmic granules infiltrated in heart, liver, kidney and ovary. Some of myelocytic cells had mitotic figures. Results were positive for detection of ALV antigenp27 by antigen capture ELISA in cloacal samples. The PCR results confirmed that the flocks were positive for ALV-J with specific fragment of 545 bp, but negative for ALV-A, Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) and Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). The study provided some information on ALV-J induced myelocytomatosis for ducks. It concluded that ALV-J virus is broadening host range including the ducks. Also, myeloid leukosis is an enduring problem facing the poultry industry.","PeriodicalId":14458,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virology and AIDS","volume":"4 1","pages":"139-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74643704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation of Mitotic and Cytological Effects Induced by Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus in Affecting Leguminous Plants","authors":"Eman A. Kahattb, M. Morsy, Ibtesam M. Al-sham","doi":"10.3923/ijv.2015.123.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ijv.2015.123.132","url":null,"abstract":"Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (BYMV) causing yellow mosaic and leaf malformation was detected and isolated from naturally infected bean plants collected from Southern region of Saudia Arabia BYMV was transmitted mechanically and identified by serologica1 tests. Light microscopy examinations revealed amorphous cytoplasmic and crystalline inclusions in bean plants infected with BYMV. Ultra structural changes in the deformed chloroplasts and grana were severe affected, chloroplasts were more affected, swollen, irregular, rupture lamella, crash grana and combination with each in the form of amoebic. The nucleus was elongated irregular with spindle like shape. The results suggest that the depressive effect in the mitotic process of Vicia faba L. was demonstrated when infected with Bean yellow mosaic virus. Remarkably, there was a progressive decrease in mitotic indices and increase in the total percentage of abnormalities due to bean yellow mosaic virus infection. Types of abnormalities revealed the induction of spindle disturbance, stickiness, laggards, fragments, bridges and micronuclei which lead to the loss of genetic material.","PeriodicalId":14458,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virology and AIDS","volume":"27 1","pages":"123-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85935582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleotide Sequence of Capsid Protein Gene of Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus in Bean Plants from Al-Makhwah Governorate, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Azza G. Farag, E. Khattab, Ibtesam M. Al-sham","doi":"10.3923/IJV.2015.41.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJV.2015.41.53","url":null,"abstract":"The current study represents the first identification of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (BYMV) in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) from Al-Makhwah Governorate, Saudi Arabia and nucleotide sequencing of capsid protein gene of BYMV. Thirty plant species and cultivars to twelve different families were mechanically inoculated by BYMV. Seventeen of them showed systemic symptoms mosaic, yellowing, vein clearing, stunting streaking mosaic, malformation and severe mosaic as a result of BYMV infection. Chenopodium amaranticolor and Chinopodium quinoa L. were found to be local lesion host after 4-6 days of inoculation. Two aphids, Myzus persicae Sluz. and Aphis faba were used to study the transmission of BYMV. Aphis faba was found to be the most effective vector with 60% of BYMV transmission. Immunological techniques namely Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA), Tissue Blot Immuno Binding Assay (TBIA) and Dot Blot Immune Binding Assay (DBIA) were amplified to study BYMV. Positive reaction was obtained and the prevalence of the virus in the flowers and seed parts was confirmed. The RT-PCR products were amplified from total RNA of bean plant tissues using specific primer BYMV1 and BYMV2 (designed on conserved sequences of BYMV NIb-CP). A cDNA fragment of 700 bp nuclear inclusion body and coat protein gene region primer (5'-NIb-CP 3') was amplified. Digoxigenin-labelled BYMV cDNA probe through Southern blot and Dot blot hybridization techniques were employed for the detection of BYMV infected bean plants. A strong positive reaction was observed with bean and faba bean infected with BYMV. A part of the 3' end of Nib-region and the 5' end of the CP region of BYMV Potyvirus Al-Makhwah KSA isolate (700 nt) was sequenced and analyzed (The DNA sequence submitted in GenBank acc.no. LC025531). Identity percentage of Al-Makhwah KSA isolate BYMV Potyvirus (NIb-CP) with a Japanese isolate was 99% and with USA gladiolus isolate and another Japanese isolate were 95% and 93%, respectively confirming that BYMV viral group is diversified mainly in some specific parts of genome, especially in the CP region, whereas NIb gene is very conservative.","PeriodicalId":14458,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virology and AIDS","volume":"64 1","pages":"41-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82163128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening Cucumber Plant Introduction Accession Lines for Resistance against Cucumber Strain of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)","authors":"A. Owolabi, C. Nwachukwu, S. Odok","doi":"10.3923/IJV.2015.66.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJV.2015.66.76","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumber is a popular fruit vegetable widely cultivated in Odukpani and Akamkpa local government areas of Cross River State, Nigeria, supplying the consumption needs of the nearby metropolitan Calabar City dwellers. However, its cultivation is threatened by infection by Papaya ringspot virus watermelon strain (PRSV-W). This study provides the result of screen house evaluation of USDA Plant Introduction (PI) accessions lines of cucumber for resistance to a Nigerian cucumber strain of PRSV-W. The response of the lines showed a spectrum of reactions to the virus strain from the extremely susceptible ones, that could not withstand the virus infection to the immune that were uninfected by the virus. Out of the 187 accession lines screened, 22 immune lines (PI 391570, PI 419010, PI 419017, PI 432873, PI 432877, PI 432878, PI 432895, PI 489752, PI 137845, PI 211979, PI 211984, PI 605924, PI 606010, PI 227207, PI 390253, PI 223437, PI 118279, PI 422200, PI 525152, PI 406473, PI 390952 and PI 357867) were identified. Besides, 17 others (PI 118807, PI 163217, PI 165509, PI 175121, PI 177364, PI 179263, PI 212985, PI 215589, PI 217644, PI 220791, PI 234517, PI 249562, PI 267746, PI 271326, PI 344384, PI 358813 and PI 358814) showed high tolerant and eight others were moderately tolerant to the virus. The remaining 140 PI lines were very susceptible to the virus. The identification of completely immune and highly tolerant PI accession cucumber lines in this study points the availability at the USDA germ plasm collections of potential materials that could be included in breeding programs to develop high resistant varieties of cucumber to PRSV-W.","PeriodicalId":14458,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virology and AIDS","volume":"54 1","pages":"66-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81128027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Green) to Telfairia Mosaic Virus (TeMV) Infection","authors":"A. Mofunanya, A. Owolabi, A. Nkang","doi":"10.3923/IJV.2015.87.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJV.2015.87.95","url":null,"abstract":"The reaction of Amaranthus hybridus to Telfairia mosaic virus (TeMV) infection was investigated. Infected and healthy (control) leaf samples were obtained, pulverized and analyzed to determine the nutritional quality of the vegetable due to TeMV infection. Results obtained revealed that the virus caused significant (p<0.05) reductions in fibre (50.9%), fat (49.7%) and protein (32.5%) in infected samples compared to healthy ones. The virus also engendered significant reductions in the contents of Na, P, Fe, Mg, Cu and Ca with marginal reduction for K in infected samples when compared to the healthy. The TeMV caused significant reduction in phytic acid while infection led to increases in total oxalate, soluble oxalate and hydrocyanide acid. The virus caused significant reductions (p<0.05) in vitamin A (55.43%), C (43.1%), B1 (34.6%), B2 (26.6%), B6 (17.8%) and B3 (13.1%), respectively while, reduction in vitamin E was insignificant. The reaction of amino acids profile of Amaranthus hybridus to TeMV infection revealed significance decrease in methionine (35.3%), valine (34.1%), cysteine (31.9%), arginine (26.1%), isoleucine (25.9%), glycine (22.8%), lysine (17.3%), threonine (15.0%), phenylalanine (12.1%) and leucine (11.8%). Increases in infected samples were obtained for glutamic acid (19.8%), aspartic acid (9.5%) and proline (8.9%). Amaranthus hybridus reaction to TeMV infection revealed marked reductions in the nutritional quality of the vegetable that is a major source of nutrient for both rural and urban dwellers.","PeriodicalId":14458,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virology and AIDS","volume":"1 1","pages":"87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72729189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of the Effect of Telfairia Mosaic Virus (TEMV) on the Growth Characteristics of Two Ecotypes of Telfairia occidentalis (Hooker Fil)","authors":"A. Mofunanya, A. Towolabi, A. Nkang","doi":"10.3923/IJV.2015.54.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJV.2015.54.65","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of Telfairia Mosaic Virus (TeMV) on the growth characteristics of two ecotypes of Telfairia occidentalis was investigated. Seeds of T. occidentalis obtained from Akparabong in Ikom Local Government Area of Cross River State were designated ecotype A and seeds from Eket in Eket Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State were designated ecotype B. Infection of T. occidentalis by TeMV caused significant reductions (p<0.05) in leaf area, shoot height, leaf number, leaf fresh and dry weight, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root. Percentage difference values for the above parameters were 57.19, 40.10, 46.59, 25.0, 24.5, 31.65, 37.43, 30.78, 19.97, 37.01 and 21.94% for ecotype A and B in infected samples compared to healthy controls. The virus also induced (p<0.05) reductions in Relative Growth Rate (RGR), with percentage difference values for ecotype A and B ranging from 21.1-21.7, 17.5 and 28.2%, with values for Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) for ecotype A and B ranging from 22.1-39.3 and 20.5-34.4%, respectively and percentage difference values for Leaf Area Ratio (LAR) for ecotype A and B ranging from 13.9-26.0 and 15.0-25.3%, respectively. Telfairia mosaic virus infection caused significant (p<0.05) reductions in RGR, NAR and LAR in inoculated plants of ecotypes studied compared to the healthy controls with ecotype A being more susceptible to the effect of TeMV infections than ecotype B. The virus also reduced the quality of the vegetable. Since, the difference in plant growth between infected and healthy plants depend on infection, this explains the difference in growth and plant size. These reductions in plant growth characteristics induced by TeMV infection alter the metabolism and subsequently dry matter yield of T. occidentalis.","PeriodicalId":14458,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virology and AIDS","volume":"2 1","pages":"54-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89658551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}