International Urology and Nephrology最新文献

{"title":"The importance of the degree of foot process effacement in evaluating the prognosis of IgA nephropathy.","authors":"Li Gao, Xuan Zhang, Dongrong Yu, Hong Zhu, Qin Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s11255-025-04529-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-025-04529-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to analyze the 5 year prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients with varying degrees of foot process effacement (FPE).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data of 863 patients with primary IgAN confirmed by renal biopsy at Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018. According to the degree of FPE, the group was divided into extensive FPE group and segmental FPE group. After propensity score matching (PSM), the effect of different levels of FPE on the prognosis of IgAN was analyzed using Log-rank tests.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Notably, 61(7.1%) of the 863 patients reached renal composite endpoint. 53 patients in the foot process extensive effacement group were matched with 100 patients in the segmental effacement group after propensity score matching. There were no significant differences in any of the baseline characteristics between the two groups (P > 0.05). Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with extensive FPE (≥ 50%) exhibited a significantly poorer prognosis compared with those with segmental FPE (< 50%) (Log-rank test P = 0.030).In the Pearson correlation analysis, FPE was moderately positively associated with albuminuria and mildly negatively associated with eGFR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Extensive foot process effacement is an independent risk factor for IgAN prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"3417-3426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12464015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between muscular strength and sleep quality in older adults undergoing hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Marzieh Alsadat Abforoushha, Roya Mansour-Ghanaei, Azar Darvishpour, Saman Maroufizadeh","doi":"10.1007/s11255-025-04509-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-025-04509-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Older adults undergoing hemodialysis experience improved survival rates but often suffer from sleep disorders, resulting in adverse health outcomes. This study aims to assess the association between handgrip strength (HGS), a key indicator of muscular strength, and sleep quality in older adults undergoing hemodialysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional and analytical study assessed 150 older adults undergoing hemodialysis selected by simple randomization. Data on demographics, clinical parameters, HGS, and sleep quality (PSQI) were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 65.61 ± 4.07 years. Mean mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and calf circumference (CC) were 29.59 cm and 36.96 cm, respectively. The mean HGS was 28.7 ± 8.55 kg, with males exhibiting higher HGS (37.72 ± 6.17 kg) than females (23.55 ± 5.38 kg). The mean PSQI score was 6.71, with 54.1% reporting poor sleep quality. Sleep quality was significantly associated with income source, underlying diseases, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), BMI, MUAC, CC, HGS, and blood levels of potassium and creatinine. A moderate negative correlation (r = - 0.438, p < 0.001) was observed between HGS and PSQI scores, indicating better sleep quality with greater muscular strength. Elevated potassium levels increase the risk of poor sleep.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older adults undergoing hemodialysis frequently experience poor sleep quality, which is associated with lower muscular strength. These findings highlight the importance of implementing targeted interventions, such as strength-training programs, to improve muscular strength and, consequently, sleep quality in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"3341-3350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robot assisted appendiceal interposition plus Boari flap for long-segment right ureteral stricture: initial experience.","authors":"Liqing Xu, Xinfei Li, Zhihua Li, Kunlin Yang, Xuesong Li","doi":"10.1007/s11255-025-04483-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-025-04483-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a surgical technique combining an appendiceal interposition with a Boari flap for the long right ureteral strictures. The major surgical procedures include dissection of the ureter, resection of the stricture lesion and the fibrous scar, performing a psoas hitch and assessment, preparing tubular appendix, and anastomosing the ureteral stump to the apex of the appendix, formation of the bladder flap, and anastomosing the base of the appendix to the bladder flap. At the last follow-up, the patient has recovered well with no complication. The robot-assisted appendiceal interposition plus Boari flap with ICG-fluorescent is a safe and feasible technique for the long right ureteral stricture.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"3239-3243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic progress in the targeting of B cells in lupus nephritis: pathogenesis to clinical research.","authors":"Beibei Lu, Qingsong Chen, Xiaohui Liao, Qian Luo","doi":"10.1007/s11255-025-04441-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-025-04441-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common complication in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), where the key mechanism is the deposition of immune complexes in the kidneys, leading to renal damage. B lymphocytes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis through several pathways. These include the production of autoantibodies, which contribute to the deposition of immune complexes in the kidneys, activation of the complement system, and promotion of local inflammatory responses. Additionally, B cells act as antigen-presenting cells, facilitating T cell activation, and secrete proinflammatory cytokines that further exacerbate inflammation. Moreover, an imbalance in B cell subpopulations can worsen autoimmune damage, highlighting the complex role of B cells in the progression of LN. Targeting B cells has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, particularly for patients with relapsed or refractory LN. Recent advances in B cell-targeted therapies have shown significant clinical potential, offering new hope for better disease management. This review highlights the latest progress in B cell-targeted approaches for LN treatment and explores their potential to revolutionize care for this challenging condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"3287-3298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between hand grip strength and chronic kidney disease progression: insights from SMP-CKD studies.","authors":"Qiong Huang, Linyi Chen, Wenwei Ouyang, Xi-Na Jie, Li-Zhe Fu, Fang Tang, Jing Wang, Yifan Wu, Xusheng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11255-025-04457-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-025-04457-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to investigate the relationship between handgrip strength (HGS) and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in non-dialysis patients in China, as part of the Self-Management Program for Patients with CKD Cohort (SMP-CKD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the SMP-CKD cohort, we utilized Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to explore the association between HGS and CKD progression. Data were stratified by sex-specific HGS quartiles, sarcopenia status, and HGS thresholds. The HGS thresholds were determined through curve analysis of HGS against composite renal outcomes. Group differences were compared to assess the impact of HGS on CKD outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 441 participants (mean age 57.0 ± 17 years, 56.0% male) with CKD stages 3-5 from the SMP-CKD cohort who underwent grip strength evaluation between April 2019 and June 2024 were included in the analysis. The findings revealed that participants in the highest bilateral HGS quartile had a significantly lower risk of renal endpoints, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.102 (95% CI 0.041-0.255) compared to those in the lowest quartile. Patients without sarcopenia had a significantly lower risk of CKD composite outcomes, including increased serum creatinine or acute CKD exacerbations (HR 0.422, 95% CI 0.211-0.844, p < 0.012), as well as severe renal endpoints (HR 0.265, 95% CI 0.101-0.694, p < 0.003). Gender-specific cutoffs identified through log-rank test were 63.7 kg for men and 34.6 kg for women. Participants with bilateral HGS above these thresholds demonstrated better renal outcomes, underscoring the protective effect of higher HGS against CKD progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provides strong evidence that HGS is a crucial factor in reducing the risk of CKD progression. Higher levels of HGS are significantly associated with a lower occurrence of renal endpoint events.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"3427-3438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus cabozantinib in octogenarian patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Yuki Nemoto, Takanori Endo, Hogara Segawa, Kazutaka Nakamura, Koichi Nishimura, Toshihide Horiuchi, Daisuke Toki, Hirohito Kobayashi, Toshio Takagi, Tsunenori Kondo","doi":"10.1007/s11255-025-04486-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-025-04486-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To clarify the efficacy and safety profile of nivolumab plus cabozantinib combination therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma patients older than 80 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively evaluated 42 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab plus cabozantinib as the first-line therapy at our institution. The patients were categorized according to age as those aged ≥ 80 years and those aged < 80 years. Efficacy was analysed by comparing the progression-free survival, overall survival, objective response rate, and disease control rate between the two groups. Safety was assessed by comparing the incidence of adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten patients (31%) were classified as age ≥ 80 group. No significant differences were observed in the progression-free survival (p = 0.682), the overall survival (p = 0.627), objective response rate (p = 0.195), and disease control rate (p = 0.070) between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of all grades of adverse events(p = 1.000), but there was a trend toward a higher incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse events in the group of patients aged < 80 years (p = 0.066).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus cabozantinib combination therapy were comparable between the patients aged ≥ 80 years and those aged < 80 years. Thus, chronological age alone is not a contraindication for nivolumab plus cabozantinib combination therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"3191-3198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment outcomes and comparative survival analysis of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.","authors":"Taylor Stamey, Kristen Armel, Andrew W Ju, Shoujun Chen, Musharraf Navaid, Arjun Bhatt, Michael C Larkins","doi":"10.1007/s11255-025-04485-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-025-04485-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is a rare subset of prostate cancer, for which no consensus treatment guidelines exist. We seek to investigate treatment and survival outcomes for IDC-P in the context of current NCCN guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried to identify patients with intraductal carcinoma of the prostate diagnosed between 2000 and 2020. Cox regression analysis and log-rank comparisons of both overall and cause-specific survival over 5- and 10-year timeframes were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>945 patients were identified. Cox regression analysis demonstrated treatment with unimodal surgery (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.70, p = 0.005) was associated with decreased 10-year cause-specific survival, while unimodal treatment with radiotherapy was associated with decreased 5- and 10-year overall survival (HR = 2.14, p = 0.025; HR = 2.16, p = 0.005, respectively). Univariate survival subanalysis of treatment regimens demonstrated decreased 5-year cause-specific (p = 0.004) and overall (p = 0.019) survival among patients that received only radiotherapy as treatment. Radical prostatectomy alone was non-inferior to radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy in the context of 10-year overall survival (90% vs 80%; p = 0.58).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Differences in both 5- and 10-year overall survival and cause-specific survival were present among patients diagnosed with IDC-P. Treatment with unimodal radiotherapy among patients with IDC-P was associated with decreased survival compared to treatment with radical prostatectomy ± adjuvant radiotherapy, while radical prostatectomy alone was non-inferior to radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy. Further research into the risk stratification and optimal treatment of these patients is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"3143-3149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12464113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term renal function post-pyeloplasty: a systematic review.","authors":"Roberto B I Christanto, Putu Angga Risky Raharja, Gerhard Reinaldi Situmorang, Irfan Wahyudi, Arry Rodjani, Abubakr Imam, Tariq Abbas","doi":"10.1007/s11255-025-04495-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-025-04495-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a significant cause of functional impairment in neonatal kidneys. The gold-standard surgical intervention for UPJO is pyeloplasty, which offers good preservation of kidney function, but long-term renal outcomes and the durability of surgical correction are not fully understood. This systematic review aims to assess the long-term impact of pyeloplasty on renal function, quality-of-life, and complication rates among pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library was conducted to retrieve studies reporting long-term outcomes (≥ 2 years) of pediatric pyeloplasty. Inclusion criteria focused on renal function metrics including differential renal function (DRF), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and imaging findings. 9 studies encompassing n = 836 patients met inclusion criteria. Data were synthesized narratively due to significant heterogeneity of methods and reporting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most studies reported significant improvements in renal function post-pyeloplasty, particularly in cases with low preoperative DRF (< 20%). DRF improvements ranged from 5 to 15%, with preservation or enhancement of renal function observed in up to 89% of cases. Hydronephrosis resolution and increases in renal parenchymal thickness were also reported frequently. Minimally invasive approaches, such as retroperitoneoscopic one-trocar-assisted pyeloplasty, showed comparable efficacy to open techniques. Complications were predominantly minor, including transient urinary infections and stent-related discomfort, with no significant long-term morbidity noted across studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pyeloplasty demonstrates durable success in improving or preserving renal function in pediatric patients with UPJO. Early intervention, particularly in cases diagnosed antenatally, yields the best outcomes. While all surgical techniques reviewed were effective, minimally invasive approaches offer reduced operative times and faster recovery. Further research should aim to standardize evaluation protocols and explore the use of novel biomarkers to enhance long-term patient monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"3107-3115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation combined with clean intermittent catheterization for neurogenic bladder dysfunction in patients with cauda equina syndrome.","authors":"Xia Wu, Jinlian Huang, Dexian Wu, Guohui Kang, Kuo Li","doi":"10.1007/s11255-025-04515-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-025-04515-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cauda equina syndrome (CES) due to lumbar disk herniation often leads to bladder dysfunction, severely affecting patients' quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) combined with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) for improving bladder function in CES patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 patients with bladder dysfunction caused by CES who underwent posterior lumbar spinal fusion from January 2020 to December 2022 were included. Based on the method of catheterization, patients were divided into the CIC or indwelling catheterization (IC) group. Both groups received TENS treatment twice a week for 8 weeks. Urodynamic parameters and quality of life (I-QOL) were assessed before and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvements were observed in the CIC group, with reductions in daily urination frequency (DUF, p < 0.05), increases in daily average single urine volume (DASUV, p < 0.05), and improved urodynamic parameters (MBC, p = 0.031; DP, p < 0.001) compared to the IC group. The CIC group also showed a lower incidence of urinary tract infections. Quality of life significantly improved in both groups, with the CIC group showing a greater improvement (p = 0.036).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TENS combined with CIC significantly improves bladder function and quality of life in CES patients, with a lower risk of urinary tract infections compared to indwelling catheterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"3227-3232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephrotoxicity of CAR-T therapy in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.","authors":"Zihan Chen, Yegan Chen, Jiaying Liu, Yingjun Sun, Xiaoxue Zhang, Lingyan Shao, Dandan Wang, Xue Wang, Wei Chen, Wei Sang, Kunming Qi, Zhenyu Li, Cai Sun, Ming Shi, Jianlin Qiao, Qingyun Wu, Lingyu Zeng, Junnian Zheng, Kailin Xu, Li Li, Hai Cheng, Jiang Cao","doi":"10.1007/s11255-025-04503-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11255-025-04503-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has achieved impressive efficacy in treating relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM). Nephrotoxicity after CAR-T cell therapy has rarely been reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the occurrence and clinical outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in 111 patients with R/R MM after CAR-T cell therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen patients (12.1%) developed AKI within 1 month of CAR-T cell therapy, of which 11 had grade 1 AKI, 1 had grade 2, and 1 had grade 3. Eleven (84.6%) cases resolved within 1 month after CAR-T cell therapy. The baseline tumor burden was an independent risk factor for the development of AKI. The finding of a high baseline tumor burden or hyponatremia after CAR-T cell therapy and close monitoring of lactate dehydrogenase, uric acid, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10 levels were helpful in predicting the development of AKI. The incidence of cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome were similar between the AKI and non-AKI groups. There was also no significant difference in clinical efficacy between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AKI is a mild severity and reversible complication. It has no impact on clinical outcomes in R/R MM patients receiving CAR-T cell therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14454,"journal":{"name":"International Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"3439-3449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}