{"title":"Renal Blood Flow Response to Angiotensin 1-7 versus Hypertonic Sodium Chloride 7.5% Administration after Acute Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats.","authors":"Maryam Maleki, Mehdi Nematbakhsh","doi":"10.1155/2016/6562017","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2016/6562017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) plays an important role in renal circulation. Hemorrhagic shock (HS) may cause kidney circulation disturbance, and this study was designed to investigate the renal blood flow (RBF) response to Ang1-7 after HS. Methods. 27 male Wistar rats were subjected to blood withdrawal to reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 45 mmHg for 45 min. The animals were treated with saline (group 1), Ang1-7 (300 ng·kg(-1) min(-1)), Ang1-7 in hypertonic sodium chloride 7.5% (group 3), and hypertonic solution alone (group 4). Results. MAP was increased in a time-related fashion (P time < 0.0001) in all groups; however, there was a tendency for the increase in MAP in response to hypertonic solution (P = 0.09). Ang1-7, hypertonic solution, or combination of both increased RBF in groups 2-4, and these were significantly different from saline group (P = 0.05); that is, Ang1-7 leads to a significant increase in RBF to 1.35 ± 0.25 mL/min compared with 0.55 ± 0.12 mL/min in saline group (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Although Ang1-7 administration unlike hypertonic solution could not elevate MAP after HS, it potentially could increase RBF similar to hypertonic solution. This suggested that Ang1-7 recovers RBF after HS when therapeutic opportunities of hypertonic solution are limited. </p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2016 ","pages":"6562017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4814681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34399849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paraoxonase-1 and Simvastatin Treatment in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease.","authors":"Rafał Januszek","doi":"10.1155/2016/6312478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6312478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is the crucial antioxidant marker of high-density lipoproteins. The present study is aimed at assessing the effect of simvastatin treatment on PON1 activity and its relationship to Q192R and M55L polymorphisms in subjects with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods. The patient group was composed of 53 individuals with stable CAD, and the control group included 53 sex-matched police officers without CAD. CAD patients were treated with simvastatin 40mg/day for 12 months. Respectively, flow mediated dilatation (FMD), serum hs-CRP and TNF-α levels, urinary 8-iso-PGF2α concentrations, and PON1 activity were evaluated in definitive intervals. Results. There was no effect of simvastatin treatment on urinary 8-iso-PGF2α . Simvastatin treatment significantly increased FMD value, decreased CRP and TNF-α concentration. After adjusting for PON1 genotypes, significantly higher PON1 activity was noted in the 192R allele carriers, in both groups. Regardless of genotype, PON1 activity remained stable after simvastatin treatment. Conclusions. The present study confirms a positive effect of simvastatin therapy on endothelial function and inflammatory markers in secondary prevention. Simvastatin treatment shows no effects on PON1 activity and 8-isoprostanes level. The effect of simvastatin therapy on PON1 activity is not modulated by Q192R and M55L polymorphisms. </p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2016 ","pages":"6312478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/6312478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34508076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janaka Weragoda, Rohini Seneviratne, Manuj C Weerasinghe, S M Wijeyaratne
{"title":"ABPI against Colour Duplex Scan: A Screening Tool for Detection of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Low Resource Setting Approach to Validation.","authors":"Janaka Weragoda, Rohini Seneviratne, Manuj C Weerasinghe, S M Wijeyaratne","doi":"10.1155/2016/1390475","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2016/1390475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. In Sri Lanka the ABPI has not been used as a screening tool to detect peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in epidemiological studies. This study was conducted to determine the best cutoff value of ABPI to detect PAD in Sri Lankan population. Methods. The ABPI measured by arterial Doppler to detect PAD was validated against colour duplex scan as the criterion using 165 individuals referred to vascular laboratory, National Hospital Sri Lanka. In all selected individuals ABPI was measured and lower limb colour duplex scan was performed. Narrowing of luminal diameter of lower limb arteries 50% or more was considered as haemodynamically significant and having PAD. The discriminative performance of the ABPI was assessed using Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve and calculating the area under the curve (AUC). The sensitivity and specificity of different threshold levels of ABPI and the best cutoff value of ABPI to detect PAD were determined. Results. ABPI 0.89 was determined as the best cutoff value to identify individuals with PAD. At this level of ABPI high sensitivity (87%), specificity (99.1%), positive predictive value (98.9%), and negative predictive value (88.4%) were observed. Conclusion. ABPI ≤ 0.89 could be used as the best cut off value to detect PAD. </p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2016 1","pages":"1390475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4806287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64220937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationship of Inflammatory Biomarkers with Severity of Peripheral Arterial Disease.","authors":"Kimihiro Igari, Toshifumi Kudo, Takahiro Toyofuku, Yoshinori Inoue","doi":"10.1155/2016/6015701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6015701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective. The pentraxin family, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum amyloid P (SAP), and pentraxin 3 (PTX3), has been identified as playing a key role in inflammatory reactions such as in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we examined the relationship between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and serum levels of pentraxins. Methods. This study was undertaken via a retrospective review of PAD patients with surgical intervention for lesions of the common femoral artery. We evaluated the preoperative patient conditions, hemodynamic status, such as ankle brachial index (ABI), and clinical ischemic conditions according to Rutherford classification. Preoperatively, we collected blood samples for determining the serum levels of hs-CRP, SAP, and PTX3. Results. Twelve PAD patients with common femoral arterial lesions were treated and examined. The hemodynamic severity of PAD was not negatively correlated with hs-CRP, SAP, or PTX3. The clinical severity evaluated by Rutherford classification was significantly positively correlated with the serum level of PTX3 (p = 0.019). Conclusion. We demonstrated that PTX3 might be a better marker of PAD than hs-CRP and SAP. Furthermore, PTX3 might be a prognostic marker to evaluate the severity of PAD. </p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2016 ","pages":"6015701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/6015701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34335917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krishna K Singh, Pratiek N Matkar, Adrian Quan, Laura-Eve Mantella, Hwee Teoh, Mohammed Al-Omran, Subodh Verma
{"title":"Investigation of TGFβ1-Induced Long Noncoding RNAs in Endothelial Cells.","authors":"Krishna K Singh, Pratiek N Matkar, Adrian Quan, Laura-Eve Mantella, Hwee Teoh, Mohammed Al-Omran, Subodh Verma","doi":"10.1155/2016/2459687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2459687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective. To evaluate the relationship between TGFβ signaling and endothelial lncRNA expression. Methods. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) lncRNAs and mRNAs were profiled with the Arraystar Human lncRNA Expression Microarray V3.0 after 24 hours of exposure to TGFβ1 (10 ng/mL). Results. Of the 30,584 lncRNAs screened, 2,051 were significantly upregulated and 2,393 were appreciably downregulated (P < 0.05) in response to TGFβ. In the same HUVEC samples, 2,148 of the 26,106 mRNAs screened were upregulated and 1,290 were downregulated. Of these 2,051 differentially expressed upregulated lncRNAs, MALAT1, which is known to be induced by TGFβ in endothelial cells, was the most (~220-fold) upregulated lncRNA. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that the differentially expressed upregulated mRNAs are primarily enriched in hippo signaling, Wnt signaling, focal adhesion, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and pathways in cancer. The most downregulated are notably involved in olfactory transduction, PI3-Akt signaling, Ras signaling, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and apoptosis. Conclusions. This is the first lncRNA and mRNA transcriptome profile of TGFβ-mediated changes in human endothelial cells. These observations may reveal potential new targets of TGFβ in endothelial cells and novel therapeutic avenues for cardiovascular disease-associated endothelial dysfunction. </p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2016 ","pages":"2459687"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/2459687","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34370052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simple In-Hospital Interventions to Reduce Door-to-CT Time in Acute Stroke.","authors":"Elyar Sadeghi-Hokmabadi, Aliakbar Taheraghdam, Mazyar Hashemilar, Reza Rikhtegar, Kaveh Mehrvar, Mehrdad Mehrara, Reshad Mirnour, Rogayyeh Hassasi, Hannane Aliyar, Mohammadamin Farzi, Somayyeh Hasaneh Tamar","doi":"10.1155/2016/1656212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1656212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, a time dependent therapy, can reduce the morbidity and mortality of acute ischemic stroke. This study was designed to assess the effect of simple in-hospital interventions on reducing door-to-CT (DTC) time and reaching door-to-needle (DTN) time of less than 60 minutes. Methods. Before any intervention, DTC time was recorded for 213 patients over a one-year period at our center. Five simple quality-improvement interventions were implemented, namely, call notification, prioritizing patients for CT scan, prioritizing patients for lab analysis, specifying a bed for acute stroke patients, and staff education. After intervention, over a course of 44 months, DTC time was recorded for 276 patients with the stroke code. Furthermore DTN time was recorded for 106 patients who were treated with IV thrombolytic therapy. Results. The median DTC time significantly decreased in the postintervention period comparing to the preintervention period [median (IQR); 20 (12-30) versus 75 (52.5-105), P < 0.001]. At the postintervention period, the median (IQR) DTN time was 55 (40-73) minutes and proportion of patients with DTN time less than 60 minutes was 62.4% (P < 0.001). Conclusion. Our interventions significantly reduced DTC time and resulted in an acceptable DTN time. These interventions are feasible in most hospitals and should be considered. </p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2016 ","pages":"1656212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/1656212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34611538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria García-Espinosa, Santiago Curcio, Juan Manuel Castro, Maite Arana, Gustavo Giachetto, Pedro Chiesa, Yanina Zócalo, Daniel Bia
{"title":"Children and Adolescent Obesity Associates with Pressure-Dependent and Age-Related Increase in Carotid and Femoral Arteries' Stiffness and Not in Brachial Artery, Indicative of Nonintrinsic Arterial Wall Alteration.","authors":"Victoria García-Espinosa, Santiago Curcio, Juan Manuel Castro, Maite Arana, Gustavo Giachetto, Pedro Chiesa, Yanina Zócalo, Daniel Bia","doi":"10.1155/2016/4916246","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2016/4916246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aim. To analyze if childhood obesity associates with changes in elastic, transitional, and/or muscular arteries' stiffness. Methods. 221 subjects (4-15 years, 92 females) were assigned to normal weight (NW, n = 137) or obesity (OB, n = 84) groups, considering their body mass index z-score. Age groups were defined: 4-8; 8-12; 12-15 years old. Carotid, femoral, and brachial artery local stiffness was determined through systodiastolic pressure-diameter and stress-strain relationships. To this end, arterial diameter and peripheral and aortic blood pressure (BP) levels and waveforms were recorded. Carotid-femoral, femoropedal, and carotid-radial pulse wave velocities were determined to evaluate aortic, lower-limb, and upper-limb regional arterial stiffness, respectively. Correlation analysis between stiffness parameters and BP was done. Results. Compared to NW, OB subjects showed higher peripheral and central BP and carotid and femoral stiffness, reaching statistical significance in subjects aged 12 and older. Arterial stiffness differences disappeared when levels were normalized for BP. There were no differences in intrinsic arterial wall stiffness (elastic modulus), BP stiffness relationships, and regional stiffness parameters. Conclusion. OB associates with BP-dependent and age-related increase in carotid and femoral (but not brachial) stiffness. Stiffness changes would not be explained by intrinsic arterial wall alterations but could be associated with the higher BP levels observed in obese children. </p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2016 ","pages":"4916246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4811097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34392914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajiv Tayal, Humayun Iftikhar, Benjamin LeSar, Rahul Patel, Naveen Tyagi, Marc Cohen, Najam Wasty
{"title":"CT Angiography Analysis of Axillary Artery Diameter versus Common Femoral Artery Diameter: Implications for Axillary Approach for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Hostile Aortoiliac Segment and Advanced Lung Disease.","authors":"Rajiv Tayal, Humayun Iftikhar, Benjamin LeSar, Rahul Patel, Naveen Tyagi, Marc Cohen, Najam Wasty","doi":"10.1155/2016/3610705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3610705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective. The use of the axillary artery as an access site has lost favor in percutaneous intervention due to the success of these procedures from a radial or brachial alternative. However, these distal access points are unable to safely accommodate anything larger than a 7-French sheath. To date no studies exist describing the size of the axillary artery in relation to the common femoral artery in a patient population. We hypothesized that the axillary artery is of comparable size to the CFA in most patients and less frequently diseased. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 110 CT scans of the thoracic and abdominal aorta done at our institution to rule out aortic dissection in which the right axillary artery, right CFA, left axillary artery, and left CFA were visualized. Images were then reconstructed using commercially available TeraRecon software and comparative measurements made of the axillary and femoral arteries. Results. In 96 patients with complete data, the mean sizes of the right and left axillary artery were slightly smaller than the left and right CFA. A direct comparison of the sizes of the axillary artery and CFA in the same patient yielded a mean difference of 1.69 mm ± 1.74. In all patients combined, the mean difference between the axillary artery and CFA was 1.88 mm on the right and 1.68 mm on the left. In 19 patients (19.8%), the axillary artery was of the same caliber as the associated CFA. In 8 of 96 patients (8.3%), the axillary artery was larger compared to the CFA. Conclusions. Although typically smaller, the axillary artery is often of comparable size to the CFA, significantly less frequently calcified or diseased, and in almost all observed cases large enough to accommodate a sheath with up to 18 French. </p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2016 ","pages":"3610705"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/3610705","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34429120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Doyle, Annette Li, C. Villanueva, S. Peeceeyen, M. Cooper, K. Hanel, G. Fermanis, G. Robertson
{"title":"Treatment of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis with Cardiac Extension following Incomplete Resection","authors":"M. Doyle, Annette Li, C. Villanueva, S. Peeceeyen, M. Cooper, K. Hanel, G. Fermanis, G. Robertson","doi":"10.1155/2015/756141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/756141","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) with cardiac extension (CE) is a rare variant of benign uterine leiomyoma. Incomplete resection has a recurrence rate of over 30%. Different hormonal treatments have been described following incomplete resection; however no standard therapy currently exists. We review the literature for medical treatments options following incomplete resection of IVL with CE. Methods. Electronic databases were searched for all studies reporting IVL with CE. These studies were then searched for reports of patients with inoperable or incomplete resection and any further medical treatments. Our database was searched for patients with medical therapy following incomplete resection of IVL with CE and their results were included. Results. All studies were either case reports or case series. Five literature reviews confirm that surgery is the only treatment to achieve cure. The uses of progesterone, estrogen modulation, gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonism, and aromatase inhibition have been described following incomplete resection. Currently no studies have reviewed the outcomes of these treatments. Conclusions. Complete surgical resection is the only means of cure for IVL with CE, while multiple hormonal therapies have been used with varying results following incomplete resection. Aromatase inhibitors are the only reported treatment to prevent tumor progression or recurrence in patients with incompletely resected IVL with CE.","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/756141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65137941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Elkassaby, M. Alawy, M. Ali, W. Tawfick, S. Sultan
{"title":"Aorto-Uni-Iliac Stent Grafts with and without Crossover Femorofemoral Bypass for Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Parallel Observational Comparative Study","authors":"M. Elkassaby, M. Alawy, M. Ali, W. Tawfick, S. Sultan","doi":"10.1155/2015/962078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/962078","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the safety and efficacy of primary aorto-uni-iliac (AUI) endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) without fem-fem crossover in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and concomitant aortoiliac occlusive disease. 537 EVARs were implemented between 2002 and 2015 in University Hospital Galway, a tertiary referral center for aortic surgery and EVAR. We executed a parallel observational comparative study between 34 patients with AUI with femorofemoral crossover (group A) and six patients treated with AUI but without the crossover (group B). Group B patients presented with infrarenal AAAs with associated total occlusion of one iliac axis and high comorbidities. Technical success was 97% (n = 33) in group A and 85% (n = 5) in group B (P = 0.31). Primary and assisted clinical success at 24 months were 88% (n = 30) and 12% (n = 4), respectively, in group A, and 85% (n = 5) and 15% (n = 1), respectively, in group B (P = 0.125). Reintervention rate was 10% (n = 3) in group A and 0% in group B (P = 0.084). No incidence of postoperative critical lower limb ischemia or amputations occurred in the follow-up period. AUI without crossover bypass is a viable option in selected cases.","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/962078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64185101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}