International Journal of Vascular Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Analyzing Cardiovascular Disease Research in the Arab Region: A Bibliometric Review From 2012 to 2022.","authors":"Amjad Bani Hani, Alaa Tarazi, Yazan Hamadneh, Ahmad Al-Samahan, Rami Awad, Mohammad Kan'an, Mohammad Al-Kasaji, Nidal A Younes","doi":"10.1155/2024/5915132","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5915132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries, many of which are in the Arab region. We aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis to assess the scientific output concerning CVDs in the Arab region and the Middle East over the past decade. <b>Methods:</b> A bibliometric search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus between 2012 and 2022. The study analyzed the number of publications, countries, institutional sources, authors, journals, and keywords. Visualization analysis was executed using various software tools, including R, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. <b>Results:</b> PubMed and Scopus yielded 5340 documents related to CVDs at the time of data collection. A total of 1263 documents were retrieved after screening based on specific inclusion criteria that guarantee the inclusion only for Arab region studies and authors. There has been a consistent increase in annual publications in recent years. The countries that contributed the most to research in this field were Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. Although Egypt stood out as the most productive country, the institute with the highest number of documents was in Qatar. In addition, the Top 3 authors hailed from Qatar. Saudi Medical Journal leads the field as the most productive journal, followed closely by PLoS One and Angiology. Research topics of significant interest in the realm of CVDs include specific diseases such as heart failure, risk factors related to CVDs, genetic aspects of CVDs, and congenital disorders in infant's cardiac health. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of CVD research in the Arab region. It includes research hotspots that can guide authors in determining the necessary future investigations within this field. There is a clear call for further exploration of various aspects of CVDs in the Arab world. Strengthening cooperation between countries and institutes is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5915132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142465595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Clinical and Imaging Findings in Patients with Lower Extremity Varicose Veins Treated with Endovenous Laser Treatment: A Follow-Up Study of up to 12 Years.","authors":"Hossein Ghanaati, Amir Hossein Jalali, Madjid Shakiba, Diana Zarei, Nafiseh Ghavami, Kavous Firouznia","doi":"10.1155/2024/6829868","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6829868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigates the long-term effectiveness and safety of endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), a condition commonly caused by dysfunctional valves in the venous circulation system.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, patients underwent EVLT and were followed up for successive short intervals and one last time after a median duration of 9-year postprocedural. Pre- and postprocedure duplex ultrasound was used to assess changes in the great saphenous vein (GSV) diameter, reflux, and saphenofemoral junction incompetence. Quality of life was evaluated using the SF-36 and Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-eight patients with a mean age of 52.4 ± 12.4 years were enrolled in the study. The mean follow-up time was 8.9 ± 2.1 years, ranging from 5 to 12 years. The mean GSV diameter significantly decreased in all patients (whole group) across proximal (from 5.8 ± 2.3 mm to 4.2 ± 2.1 mm), middle (from 4.7 ± 1.6 mm to 2.8 ± 2.2 mm), and distal (from 4.5 ± 2.3 mm to 2.2 ± 2.2 mm) segments, with <i>P</i> < 0.001. A disease recurrence rate of 33.8% was noted, predominantly in male patients and those with larger middle GSV diameters (OR = 5.2 (95%CI = 1.3-20.4) and OR = 1.5 (95%CI = 1-2.1), respectively). The average follow-up time for patients without recurrence was 8.8 ± 2.1 years. Almost half of the patients without recurrence were followed up for 10 years or more (49%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The efficacy of EVLT in managing varicose veins is demonstrated by its relatively low recurrence rate over a 10-year follow-up period, highlighting EVLT as a viable long-term treatment strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6829868"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10864052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiopoietin-2 Is Associated with Aortic Stiffness in Diabetes Patients in Ghana: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Jennifer A Agyekum,&nbsp;Kwame Yeboah","doi":"10.1155/2023/3155982","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/3155982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Impaired angiogenesis, measured as serum levels of angiogenic growth factors, may be among the mechanisms underlining aortic stiffness in diabetes patients. We studied the association between aortic stiffness and circulating angiogenic growth factors in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients without any organ damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a case-control design, aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), and aortic blood pressures (BPs) were measured in 140 T2DM patients and 110 nondiabetic controls. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure the levels of angiopoietin- (Ang-) 1, Ang-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to nondiabetes participants, T2DM patients had increased PWV (8.7 ± 1.5 vs. 7.6 ± 1.3, <i>p</i> = 0.031), aortic pulse BP (58 ± 20 vs. 49 ± 17, <i>p</i> = 0.011), Ang-2 (838 (473-1241) vs. 597 (274-1005), <i>p</i> = 0.018), and VEGF (72.2 (28-201.8) vs. 48.4 (17.4-110.1), <i>p</i> = 0.025) but reduced levels of AIx (21.7 ± 13.8 vs. 34 ± 12.9, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and Ang-1 (33.1 (24.7-42.1) vs. 41.1 (30-57.3), <i>p</i> = 0.01). In all study participants, compared to those in the lower tertile, participants in the upper tertile of Ang-2 had increased odds of PWV (2.01 (1.17-3.84), <i>p</i> = 0.004), aortic systolic BP (1.24 (1.04-1.97), <i>p</i> = 0.011), and aortic pulse BP (1.19 (1.04-1.82), <i>p</i> = 0.041) but reduced odds of AIx (0.84 (0.71-0.96), <i>p</i> = 0.014) in multivariable-adjusted models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study population, increased circulating Ang-2 was associated with increased levels of aortic stiffness parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3155982"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10586911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49690485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic Exercise versus Electronic Cigarette in Vascular Aging Process: First Histological Insight.","authors":"Vito A Damay,&nbsp;Setiawan,&nbsp;Ronny Lesmana,&nbsp;Muhammad Rizki Akbar,&nbsp;Antonia Anna Lukito,&nbsp;Vita M Tarawan,&nbsp;Januar W Martha,&nbsp;J Nugroho,&nbsp;Sony Sugiharto","doi":"10.1155/2023/8874599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8874599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smoking is related to vascular aging. However, the hazardous effect of e-cigarette is often debatable, with limited studies available. In contrast, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is well known to decrease aortic stiffness. We provide novel research to determine the effect of e-cigarette and aerobic moderate-intensity exercise on the aortic structure of Wistar rats. A total of 26 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) 8 weeks aged, 200-250 g b.w., were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely, K0 (normal rats), K1 (rats were given moderate-intensity aerobic exercise by animal treadmill 20 m/30 min), K2 (rats were given e-cigarette with 6 mg nicotine, 40% propylene glycol, and 60% vegetable glycerine 30 min for 5 days/week), and K3 (rats were given e-cigarette and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise). After exposure for 6 weeks, all animals were sacrificed to isolate the aorta for histopathological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin stain to evaluate the elastic fiber layer and intimal-medial thickness. The Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining was done for quantification elastic lamina fragmentation. Our study found that the e-cigarette group had the highest elastic lamina fragmentation among groups (8.14 ± 2.85). The exercise only group showed the lowest elastic lamina fragmentation (2.50 ± 1.87). Fragmentation in the e-cigarette and exercise group was higher than in the exercise only group (5.83 ± 0.753 vs. 2.50 ± 1.87, <i>p</i> = 0.002). There is a significant difference of NO serum between four groups. The result of post hoc analysis using LSD showed that there is a significant difference of NO serum between K0 and K2, K0 and K3, K1 and K2, and K1 and K3. Therefore, our research demonstrated that the most injury of aorta elastic lamina was in the group that was exposed to e-cigarette that leads to vascular aging while exercise is not yet proven to reverse this effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8874599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10393525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9935870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Cigarette and Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Latest Evidences.","authors":"Vito Anggarino Damay,&nbsp;Setiawan,&nbsp;Ronny Lesmana,&nbsp;M Rizki Akbar,&nbsp;Antonia Anna Lukito,&nbsp;Vita M Tarawan,&nbsp;Januar W Martha,&nbsp;J Nugroho","doi":"10.1155/2022/4136811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4136811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronary artery diseases (CAD), also known as coronary heart disease (CHD), are the world's leading cause of death. The basis of coronary artery disease is the narrowing of the heart coronary artery lumen due to atherosclerosis. The use of electronic cigarettes has increased significantly over the years. However, harmful effects of electronic cigarettes are still not firm. The aim of this article is to review the impact of electronic cigarette and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis from recent studies. The results showed that several chemical compounds, such as nicotine, propylene glycol, particulate matters, heavy metals, and flavorings, in electronic cigarette induce atherosclerosis with each molecular mechanism that lead to atherosclerosis progression by formation of ROS, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. Further research is still needed to determine the exact mechanism and provide more clinical evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2022 ","pages":"4136811"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33461494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Reduction in Adverse Events and Cost with Novel Anticoagulants among Patients with Acute Limb Ischemia","authors":"S. Freeman, Piper C. M. Williams, A. Barón, M. Plomondon, Stephen W. Waldo","doi":"10.1155/2022/3786815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3786815","url":null,"abstract":"Background Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Novel anticoagulants reduce adverse events among patients with peripheral artery disease, though the potential effect of these therapies is unclear in patients with ALI. The present study thus sought to evaluate the potential clinical benefit of universal application of novel anticoagulants to a high-risk population of patients with ALI. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we identified patients diagnosed with ALI in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System between 2015 and 2016. We then calculated the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events (death/stroke/myocardial infarction/amputation/repeat intervention) as if they were treated with rivaroxaban using published data. Further, we calculated the cost to treat a Veteran diagnosed with one of these outcomes, and the potential savings had patients been universally treated with novel anticoagulants. Results We identified 286 patients that presented with lower extremity ALI and were not treated with anticoagulation. Potential treatment of these patients with rivaroxaban resulted in significantly fewer adverse events, with an 11.9% reduction in cases at 21 months (95% CI: 5.5-17.8%) and a 13.4% reduction in cases at 47 months (95% CI: 5.6-20.5%). This corresponded to significant decreases in healthcare spending for patients with ALI who were treated with rivaroxaban. Conclusions Among patients with ALI, treatment with rivaroxaban could result in a significant reduction in adverse cardiovascular events. The reduction in events would in turn lead to significant decreases in healthcare spending for this population.","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48725112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-Year Clinical Outcome in Middle Eastern Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: The Jordan Atrial Fibrillation (JoFib) Study","authors":"A. Hammoudeh, Yousef Khader, R. Tabbalat, Y. Badaineh, N. Kadri, H. Shawer, E. Al-Mousa, R. Ibdah, Batool A. Shawer, I. Alhaddad","doi":"10.1155/2022/4240999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4240999","url":null,"abstract":"Background Prevention of stroke and systemic embolism (SE) prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has radically changed in recent years. Data on contemporary utilization of oral anticoagulants (OACs) and cardiovascular outcome in Middle Eastern patients with AF are needed. Methods The Jordan atrial fibrillation (JoFib) study enrolled consecutive patients with AF in Jordan from May 2019 through October 2020 and were followed up for one year after enrollment. Results Overall, 2020 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 67.9 + 13.0 years. Nonvalvular (NVAF) was diagnosed in 1849 (91.5%) patients. OACs were used in 85.7% of high-risk patients with NVAF (CHA2DS2-VASc score>3 in women, and>2 in men), including direct OACs (DOACs) in 64.1% and vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in 35.9%. Adherence rate to the use of the same OAC agent was 90.6% of patients. One-year cardiovascular (CV) mortality was 7.8%, stroke/SE was 4.5%, and major bleeding events were 2.6%. Independent predictors for all-cause mortality in patients with NVAF were age>75 years, heart failure, major bleeding event, type 2 diabetes mellitus, study enrollment as an in-patient, and coronary heart disease. The use of OACs was associated with lower all-cause mortality. The strongest independent predictors for stroke/SE were high-risk CHA2DS2-VASc score and prior history of stroke. Conclusions This study of Middle Eastern AF patients has reported high adherence to OACs. The use of OACs was associated with a lower risk for all-cause mortality. One-year rates of stroke and major bleeding events were comparable to those reported from other regions in the world.","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64777590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Frequency of Microvascular Dysfunction in US Outpatient Clinics: A Sign of High Residual Risk? Data from 7,105 Patients.","authors":"Morteza Naghavi,&nbsp;Stanley Kleis,&nbsp;Hirofumi Tanaka,&nbsp;Albert A Yen,&nbsp;Ruoyu Zhuang,&nbsp;Ahmed Gul,&nbsp;Yasamin Naghavi,&nbsp;Ralph Metcalfe","doi":"10.1155/2022/4224975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4224975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have linked peripheral microvascular dysfunction measured by arterial tonometry to high residual risk in on-statin patients. Digital thermal monitoring (DTM) of microvascular function is a new and simplified technique based on fingertip temperature measurements that has been correlated with the burden of atherosclerosis and its risk factors. Here, we report analyses of DTM data from two large US registries: Registry-I (6,084 cases) and Registry-II (1,021 cases) across 49 US outpatient clinics. DTM tests were performed using a VENDYS device during a 5-minute arm-cuff reactive hyperemia. Fingertip temperature falls during cuff inflation and rebounds after deflation. Adjusted maximum temperature rebound was reported as vascular reactivity index (VRI). VRI distributions were similar in both registries, with mean ± SD of 1.58 ± 0.53 in Registry-I and 1.52 ± 0.43 in Registry-II. In the combined dataset, only 18% had optimal VRI (≥2.0) and 82% were either poor (<1.0) or intermediate (1.0-2.0). Women had slightly higher VRI than men (1.62 ± 0.56 vs. 1.54 ± 0.47, <i>p</i> < 0.001). VRI was inversely but mildly correlated with age (<i>r</i> = -0.19, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Suboptimal VRI was found in 72% of patients <50 years, 82% of 50-70 years, and 86% of ≥70 years. Blood pressure was not correlated with VRI. In this largest registry of peripheral microvascular function measurements, suboptimal scores were highly frequent among on-treatment patients, possibly suggesting a significant residual risk. Prospective studies are warranted to validate microvascular dysfunction as an indicator of residual risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2022 ","pages":"4224975"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8758294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39939543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare Practitioners' Knowledge of Lymphedema.","authors":"Hossein Yarmohammadi,&nbsp;Amirhossein Rooddehghan,&nbsp;Masood Soltanipur,&nbsp;Amirabbas Sarafraz,&nbsp;Seyed Fatah Mahdavi Anari","doi":"10.1155/2021/3806150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3806150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Lymphedema is neglected in medical education, and a review on healthcare practitioners' (HCPs) knowledge is necessary to shed light on gaps and to provide evidence for establishing educational programs on lymphedema.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA guideline in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. There was no limitation on the type of lymphedema or HCPs. The quality assessment was performed based on QATSDD. Data regarding study characteristics, questionnaire context, and findings of the study were summarized from each article.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the screening, 16 articles were included that 12 were cross-sectional, two were qualitative, and two were interventional pilot studies. Breast cancer and other cancer-related lymphedema, lymphatic filariasis, and podoconiosis were included, and the majority of articles were focused on primary HCPs. The overall knowledge was low and average in five and 11 articles, respectively, and prior education was a significant factor related to higher knowledge of lymphedema in two studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Structured education of lymphedema is needed to increase the knowledge of HCPs and to enhance their collaboration in multidisciplinary care teams. Improvement of HCPs' knowledge may lead to better outcomes of lymphedema patients' management which are neglected.</p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2021 ","pages":"3806150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8741388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39800928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Risk Factors and Predictors for Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Sneha E Thomas,&nbsp;Noorine Plumber,&nbsp;Priyanka Venkatapathappa,&nbsp;Vasavi Gorantla","doi":"10.1155/2021/4244267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4244267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute ischemic strokes (AIS) and hemorrhagic strokes lead to disabling neuropsychiatric and cognitive deficits. A serious and fatal complication of AIS is the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). HT is cerebral bleeding that occurs after an ischemic event in the infarcted areas. This review summarises how specific risk factors such as demographic factors like age, gender, and race/ethnicity, comorbidities including essential hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and ischemic heart disease along with predictors like higher NIHSS score, larger infarction size, cardioembolic strokes, systolic blood pressure/pulse pressure variability, higher plasma glucose levels, and higher body temperature during ischemic event, lower low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, early ischemic changes on imaging modalities, and some rare causes make an individual more susceptible to developing HT. We also discuss few other risk factors such as the role of blood-brain barrier, increased arterial stiffness, and globulin levels in patients postreperfusion using thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. In addition, we discuss the implications of dual antiplatelet therapy and the length of treatment in reference to the incidence of developing HT. Current research into inflammatory mediators and biomarkers such as Cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinases, and soluble ST2 and their potential role as treatment options for HT is also briefly discussed. Finally, this review calls for more research into use of dual antiplatelet and the timing of antiplatelet and anticoagulant use in reference to hemorrhagic transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14448,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":"2021 ","pages":"4244267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8668348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39730394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}