International journal of sports medicine最新文献

{"title":"Reevaluating the energy cost in locomotion: quadrupedal vs. bipedal walking in humans.","authors":"Rui Xu, Riqiang Bao, Yixiang Hu, Chong Gao, Yuhan Guo, Yashu Zhu, Yuanyuan Hu, Guang Ning, Weiqing Wang, Shijia Pan","doi":"10.1055/a-2466-4808","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2466-4808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the energy expenditure and physiological responses associated with short-term quadrupedal locomotion compared to bipedal walking in humans. It aims to support evolutionary theory and explore quadrupedal locomotion's potential for enhancing fitness and health. In a randomized crossover design, 12 participants performed quadrupedal and bipedal walking on a treadmill at identical speeds. Physiological responses, including energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation rates, respiratory rate, and heart rate, were measured during both forms of locomotion. Quadrupedal walking significantly increased total energy expenditure by 4.15 Kcal/min [95% CI, 3.11 - 5.19 Kcal/min], due to a rise in carbohydrate oxidation of 1.70 g/min [95% CI, 1.02 - 2.24 g/min]. It also increased respiratory and heart rates, indicating higher metabolic demands. The exercise mainly activated upper limb muscles and the gluteus maximus in the lower limbs. Ten minutes of quadrupedal walking at the same speed as bipedal walking resulted in a 254.48% increase in energy consumption. This simple form of locomotion offers a strategy for enhancing physical activity, and supports the idea that energy optimization influenced the evolution of efficient bipedal locomotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":14439,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":"344-355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and perspectives with understanding the concept of mental fatigue.","authors":"Liam Oliver, Stephen Goodman, John Sullivan, Jonathan Peake, Vincent Kelly","doi":"10.1055/a-2514-1195","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2514-1195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental fatigue is referred to as a psychophysiological or neurobiological state caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity. Sport and exercise science research studies have investigated the effects of experimentally induced mental fatigue on cognitive performance, with mixed results. It has been suggested that negative effects of mental fatigue on cognition performance in laboratory studies could translate to impaired sport performance. However, it remains unclear if impairments in sport performance are due to mental fatigue and how mental fatigue may differ from physical fatigue. Fatigue is well understood as a complex multifactorial construct involving interactions between physiological and neuropsychological responses across brain regions. It may be prudent for researchers to return to the origins of fatigue and cognition before attempting to connect mental fatigue and sport cognition. This article reviews the concept of mental fatigue, its mechanisms and neuroanatomical basis, models of cognition relevant to sports science, investigates how mental fatigue may influence cognition, and suggests future research directions. Mental fatigue as a construct separated from fatigue could be an oversight that has hindered the development of our understanding of mental fatigue. Future sports science research could work to enhance our knowledge of our definitions of fatigue.</p>","PeriodicalId":14439,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":"316-323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142949019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines before and during COVID-19 in children: A review.","authors":"Yiping Yan, Jingjing Jia, Bei Liu, Youzhi Ke, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1055/a-2464-3228","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2464-3228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to describe and compare adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (recommendations for physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration) among children before and during COVID-19 pandemic . The literature search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus for quantitative studies on 24-hour movement behaviors, published in English. The studies were categorized by collection date into before the pandemic (June 16th, 2016 - March 10, 2020) and during the pandemic (March 11th, 2020 - May 5, 2023), with all studies included. A random-effects model was employed to synthesize the adherence rates, and subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, sex, region, and Human development index (HDI) groups. Before the pandemic, 12.1% (95% CI:10.3%-13.9%) of overall children met the three recommendations. During the pandemic, 8.6% (95% CI: 6.4%-11.4%) of overall children met the three recommendations. The adherence to the three recommendations during the pandemic was 3.5% lower (p<0.05) than before the pandemic, with significant regional differences (p<0.05). Most children fail to meet the guidelines in any period. The adherence to the three 24-Hour Movement Guidelines during the pandemic was lower than before, with varying degrees of low adherence across different groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":14439,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":"305-315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of additional scapular movements on the scapular muscle activity during arm raising.","authors":"Ilyoung Yu, Minhyeok Kang","doi":"10.1055/a-2525-3184","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2525-3184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of the two popular strategies, scapular adduction and depression and scapular posterior tilt, on the muscle activity of trapezius and serratus anterior muscles have not been compared. This study demonstrates the effects of additional scapular adduction and depression and scapular posterior tilt movements on the activation of trapezius and serratus anterior muscles and scapular kinematics during arm raising. Eighteen asymptomatic men performed arm raising tasks with and without additional scapular movements, including scapular adduction and depression and scapular posterior tilt. During all tasks, the muscle activity of the upper/middle/lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles was measured using surface electromyography; scapular upward rotation and posterior tilt angles were measured using a smartphone application. Lower trapezius muscle activity significantly increased during arm raising with scapular adduction and depression (<i>p</i>=0.001) or scapular posterior tilt compared to preferred arm raising (<i>p</i><0.001). However, arm raising with the scapular posterior tilt showed significantly greater serratus anterior muscle activity (<i>p</i>=0.002) and scapular posterior tilt angle (<i>p</i>=0.001) together with lesser upper trapezius muscle activity (<i>p</i>=0.027) compared with those of scapular adduction and depression. Scapular posterior tilt may be effective for increasing the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscle activity while reducing the upper trapezius muscle activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14439,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":"366-371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing recovery: the impact of training load in elite volleyball players.","authors":"André Rebelo, João R Pereira, Gert Vande Broek, Manuel J Coelho-E-Silva, Marije T Elferink-Gemser, João Valente-Dos-Santos","doi":"10.1055/a-2519-9330","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2519-9330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to analyze the relationships between training load metrics and various dimensions of recovery over the course of 105 days during the competitive season. This study included 14 elite male volleyball players who participated in 95 training sessions and 18 matches. The session rating of perceived exertion and inertial measurement units were utilized to measure internal and external training loads, respectively. Biological recovery was assessed using the countermovement jump test, while social and psychological recoveries were measured through the RESTQ-Sport. Relationships were examined using linear mixed-effect models to account for repeated measures across players and time points. The results revealed that chronic external training loads negatively influenced the biological recovery, with increases in chronic external training loads associated with a longer time to take-off (<i>β</i>=- 0.008, <i>p</i>=0.03) and a reduced modified reactive strength index (<i>β</i>=- 0.008, <i>p</i>=0.047). Social recovery was influenced by internal training load metrics, with acute internal training loads increasing social stress (<i>β</i>=- 3.512, <i>p</i>=0.034). For psychological recovery, chronic internal training loads and the acute:chronic internal training load ratio were linked to higher emotional exhaustion (<i>β</i>=- 0.013, <i>p</i>=0.029; <i>β</i>=0.021, <i>p</i><0.001, respectively). These findings highlight the critical role of external load management in the biological recovery and the relevance of subjective internal load measures in monitoring social and psychological recovery dimensions. Coaches are encouraged to integrate time-based neuromuscular metrics and perceptual load assessments into their recovery monitoring protocols to optimize athletes' well-being and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14439,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":"356-365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of sports participation on medication costs among adolescents: ABCD-Growth Study.","authors":"Ana Elisa von Ah Morano, Jéssica Malek da Silva, Lara Julia Montezori Costa, Karla Minacca Osco, Beatriz Dalarme Tanganini, Ariane Pereira Ramirez, Jamile Sanches Codogno, Rómulo Fernandes, Monique Yndawe Castanho Araujo","doi":"10.1055/a-2598-5427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2598-5427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The economic impact of physical activity (PA) has been extensively investigated among adults, but few studies have analyzed this issue in pediatric populations. To analyze the relationship of costs attributed to medicine use with the time spent in different intensities of PA and sports participation among adolescents. A sample of 92 adolescents were tracked for 28 weeks. The main outcome was the overall cost attributed to medicine use (assessed weekly [US$]). Independent variables were moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) outside sports and sportive MVPA, assessed in three time points (baseline, 14 weeks and 28 weeks) by accelerometers (min/day). A total of 53 boys and 39 girls, with a mean age of 14.54 (1.96) years, were evaluated. Sedentary time (rho= 0.217 [95%CI: 0.006 to 0.420]) and MVPA + Sportive MVPA (-0.250 [95%CI: -0.447 to -0.130]) were related to costs attributed to medicine use. When the multivariate model considered sedentary time as a covariate, the relationship between MVPA + Sportive MVPA and costs attributed to medicine use became non-significant (beta= -0.007 [95%CI: -0.017 to 0.004]; p-value= 0.206). The time spent in MVPA was inversely related to the medication costs accumulated through the follow-up period, while sedentary time appears to counteract these benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14439,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and Sport-specific Differences Among Elite Strength and Physique Competitors.","authors":"Juha J Hulmi, Jeve Ojala, Veli-Matti Lappi, Neil J Cronin, Timo Törmäkangas, Juha P Ahtiainen","doi":"10.1055/a-2597-1900","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2597-1900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to characterize and compare elite strength and physique athletes and to investigate potential sex differences and the contribution of muscle size to strength in this unique population. We examined male and female strength athletes (SA, n=12), physique athletes (PA, n=13) and non-trained controls (n=14). Anthropometry, maximal strength and strength endurance, and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA, ultrasound) were measured. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Although SA excel in their own sports, generic dynamic (leg press and arm curl one repetition maximum) or isometric knee extension torque did not differ compared to PA. However, SA had better muscle power in vertical jump, while biceps brachii CSA was higher and body fat lower in PA. Males were more muscular and stronger, whereas females performed more repetitions in a multiple-set leg press protocol. Athletes had better strength/CSA ratio than controls only in complex, but not in simple strength task. Partial correlation analysis with sex and training background as covariates showed that CSA moderately explained variance in maximal strength. In conclusion, SA and PA differ in sport-specific muscle size and power. In these athletes, muscle size contributes to muscle strength. Finally, females have better strength endurance than males, independently of training background.</p>","PeriodicalId":14439,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of modeled lactate threshold 2 with maximal lactate steady state in running and cycling.","authors":"Sebastian Keller, Jonas Fischer, Sanghyeon Ji, Lukas Zwingmann, Patrick Wahl","doi":"10.1055/a-2550-4988","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2550-4988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated (1) the agreement of modeled lactate threshold 2 using peak oxygen uptake, cost of locomotion, and fractional utilization of peak oxygen uptake at lactate threshold 2 with the maximal lactate steady state in running and cycling; (2) the impact of different cost of locomotion determination methods on the accuracy of the model and (3) the contributions of peak oxygen uptake, cost of locomotion, and fractional utilization of peak oxygen uptake at lactate threshold 2 to the work rate at maximal lactate steady state. Thirty-four endurance-trained athletes (27.7±6.9 y, 56.2±5.5 ml∙kg^-1∙min^-1) completed an incremental step test on a treadmill or a cycling ergometer. Peak oxygen uptake, cost of locomotion at lactate threshold 1, at 80% of peak oxygen uptake, and at lactate threshold 2, and fractional utilization of peak oxygen uptake at lactate threshold 2 were assessed. Two to five 30-minute constant work rate tests were performed for maximal lactate steady state determination. Moderate to good agreement was found between modeled work rate corresponding to lactate threshold 2 and the maximal lactate steady state for running and cycling (intraclass correlation coefficient≥0.698) with the smallest mean difference (±limits of agreement) for cost of locomotion determined at lactate threshold 2 with -2.0±5.2 and -0.9±6.0%, respectively. Overall, 83 and 79% of the variance in the maximal lactate steady state was explained by peak oxygen uptake, cost of locomotion determined at lactate threshold 2, and fractional utilization of peak oxygen uptake at lactate threshold 2, respectively. Peak oxygen uptake and cost of locomotion determined at lactate threshold 2 contributed the most to the regression <i>R</i> ² in running (54 and 40%) and cycling (74 and 51%), while fractional utilization of peak oxygen uptake at lactate threshold 2 had the smallest contribution (4 and 5%). Based on the high accuracy of the model with the major contribution of peak oxygen uptake and cost of locomotion determined at lactate threshold 2, the work rate corresponding to the maximal lactate steady state could be improved focusing on these two variables during training.</p>","PeriodicalId":14439,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding Tolerance to a Running Gut-Challenge Protocol: a Cross-Sectional Exploration.","authors":"Isabel G Martinez, Jessica R Biesiekierski, Christopher E Rauch, Ricardo J S Costa","doi":"10.1055/a-2541-2821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2541-2821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined gastrointestinal function, substrate utilization, and exercise performance differences in response to a gut-challenge between (1) female and male athletes, (2) young adult versus masters athletes, and (3) athletes with or without exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptom history (Ex-GIS). Fifty-three endurance athletes (43 males and 10 females) completed a gut-challenge involving a 2-hour run (60% <i>V̇</i>O_2max) with 90 g/h carbohydrate intake, followed by a 1-hour self-paced distance test (DT) with <i>ad libitum</i> water. Blood and breath samples were collected pre- and post-exercise. Blood glucose and substrate utilization during exercise were measured, while Ex-GIS and feeding tolerance were assessed pre-, during, and post-exercise. Interest in food and appetite during exercise was lower in symptomatic athletes than asymptomatic athletes (<i>p</i><0.05). Females had a higher blood glucose concentration during exercise (<i>p</i>=0.037) and immediately after exercise (<i>p</i>=0.003) and a lower whole-body fat oxidation rate during exercise (<i>p</i>=0.009). Exercise performance did not differ based on the biological sex, age, and Ex-GIS history. Overall, gastrointestinal functional markers were comparable between groups, while feeding tolerance and substrate availability and utilization appear to be influenced by the Ex-GIS history and biological sex, respectively. Tailored management of gastrointestinal issues in athletes should be based on an individual basis as opposed to general demographic characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14439,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distance capacity above critical speed and speed reserves: are they related?","authors":"Lucas Dalla Vecchia Lanzarini, Fernando Klitzke Borszcz, Isadora Dalla Lana, Tiago Turnes, Thiago Pereira Ventura, Kerry McGawley, Ricardo Dantas de Lucas","doi":"10.1055/a-2595-3199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2595-3199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to correlate the anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) and the maximal speed reserve (MSR) with the distance capacity above the critical speed (D´), derived from four different mathematical models, in a group of endurance runners. Twenty-two runners performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion, an all-out 40-m sprint and three time-trials (800-, 1500- and 3000-m) on an outdoor running track to determine ASR, MSR and D´. D´ was determined using linear distance-time (D´linear d-t), linear velocity-time (D´linear 1/t), 2-parameter hyperbolic (D´2-hyp) and 3-parameter hyperbolic (D´3-hyp) models. A high correlation was observed between ASR and D´linear 1/t (r = 0.77; p < 0.001), while moderate correlations were observed between ASR and D´linear d-t (r = 0.69; p < 0.001) and D´2-hyp (r = 0.63; p < 0.003). The ASR was not significantly correlated with D´3-hyp. High correlations were detected between MSR and D´linear 1/t, D´linear d-t and D´2-hyp (r = 0.74 to 0.76; p < 0.001) and a moderate correlation was detected between MSR and D´3-hyp (r = 0.58; p = 0.01). These moderate- to high correlations to D´, especially when derived from models using 2 parameters, suggests the existence of similar mechanisms underpinning the variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":14439,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sports medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}