International Journal of Veterinary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Formation of specific immunity in piglets during vaccination against circovirus infection","authors":"A. Shakhov, L. Sashnina, Yu.Yu. Vladimirova, K. O. Akulova, G. V. Nikonenko","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.21","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studying  the  formation  of  specific  immunity  in piglets during vaccination against circovirus infection. Circovirus diseases of pigs, manifested by the defeat of many body systems, are  widespread  and  cause  great  economic damage in industrial pig farms. The study of the  formation  of  specific  immunity  during vaccination of piglets against circovirus infection is of scientific and practical interest. The purpose of the research is to study the formation  of  specific  immunity  in  piglets during vaccination against circovirus infection. It was found that vaccination is accompanied by activation of the innate immunity system, which initiated the launch and formation  of  an  antigen-specific  adaptive  immune response. In animals 6 days after the introduction of the vaccine, compared with intact piglets, an increase in the content of pro-inflammatory  cytokines  IL-1ß,  TNF-α, IFN-α and IFN-γ and the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-4 was found, indicating a cellular  and  humoral  immune  response.  An  increase in the indices of inflammatory activity of mediators and the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines indicates an increase in the activity of T-helper I and the prevalence  of  cellular  immune  response.  Under the influence of technological stress caused by weaning from sows and transfer to rearing,  animals  14  days  after  vaccination showed a decrease in the level of IL-2, IFN-α and IFN-γ, inducing cellular immunity, as well as cytokine index, the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory  mediators,  which  indicates a shift in the direction of the immune response in the side of activation of the functioning  of  T-helper  II,  indicating  the  predominant formation of humoral immunity.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"511 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic Escherichia coli: virulence factors, spread, diagnostic problems","authors":"A. Zabrovskaia","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.87","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia  coli  are  components  of  the noromoflora  of  the  gastrointestinal  tract  of animals  and  humans,  however,  the  E.  coli genome  may  contain  genes  encoding  virulence  factors,  causing  diseases  of  animals and humans with a wide range of pathological changes and clinical manifestations. The presence or absence of virulence factors does not  always  correlate  with  the  serological group,  which  is  not  always  taken  into  account by laboratory specialists and leads to errors in diagnosis. According to the location of  the  pathological  process  caused,  escherichiosis pathogens are divided into diarrheal (DEC)  and  disease-causing  extra-intestinal localization (ExPEC). According to the presence  of  specific  virulence  factors  and  the pathogenesis of the diseases caused, diarrhe-ogenic E. coli are divided into enteropathogenic (HERES), enteroinvasive (EIEC), diffuse-adhesive  (DAEC),  enteroaggregative (EAggEC), enterotoxigenic (ETES) and shigatoxin-producing  or  enterohemorrhagic (ENES or STEC). The last three groups include  E.coli,  which  can  cause  diseases  in productive  animals.  To  E.  The  coli  of  the EXP group  include uropathogenic  (UPEC), which cause neonatal meningitis and sepsis (NMEC,  SEPEC)  and  airborne  pathogenic (ARES),  which  cause  colibacteriosis  in birds.  The  main  factor  in  the  virulence  of ENES is the production of shiga, a toxin that causes  severe  changes  in  the  body.  In  humans,  ENES  cause  hemocolitis,  often  with the  development  of  hemolytic-uremic  syndrome  (HUS),  leading  to  disability  and sometimes death of the patient. Cattle are the reservoir  of  ENES,  clinical  signs  develop only in young animals, adult animals can be carriers of ENES and contaminate milk and meat with strains. These are potential pathogens of Escherichia coli in calves and piglets. The ARES group is represented by E. coli  strains  that  cause  infection  in  poultry, especially broilers, with a variety of pathological  manifestations:  septicemia,  peritonitis, perigepatitis, air bag infections, osteomyelitis.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"213 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium scrofarum in pig farms of the Vologda region of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation","authors":"A. Kryazhev, A. Novikov","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.68","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of these studies was to identify, identify, analyze and study the distribution of Cryptosporidium scrofarum in pigs in the  farms  of  the  Vologda  Region  of  the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation.For the first time in the Russian Federation, using the example of the Vologda Oblast of the Northwestern Federal District in pig  farms  of  various  types  using  the  latest molecular  genetic  methods,  namely  using high-throughput  sequencing  of  amplicon libraries of fragments of the 18S rRNA gene obtained  because  of  nested  PCR,  we  have established the infection of C. scrofarum in all  age  groups  of  examined  animals.  The contamination of animals kept in pig farms was 34%, in farms - 32.4%. Animals that are fattened at the age of 13-24 weeks are most susceptible to infection.Analysis  of  ASV  taxonomic  affiliation using  phylogenetic  analysis,  supplemented by analysis using the blastn algorithm in the GenBank database, showed that a total of 10 ASV types (amplicon sequence variant) are present  in  all  tested  samples,  which  have high  similarity  to  sequences  deposited  in GenBank  as  fragments  of  the  18S  p  gene Cryptosporidium  scrofarum  RNA.  It  has been established that the types of ASV1 and ASV2  detected  in  various  geographical  regions of the world from Portugal and Great Britain  to  China,  India  and  Australia  are identified in all examined farms, although in significantly  different  quantities.  The  remaining ASVs are present in much smaller numbers  and  do  not  repeat  from  farm  to farm.  These  sequences  probably  belong  to local populations of subspecies Cryptosporidium scrofarum.  It  is  interesting  to  find  a unique sequence of the genus Cryptosporidium  of  type  ASV8,  which  can  later  be  described as a new species.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"714 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of neutrophilic granulocytes and cationic proteins as biomarkers of the severity of the course of infectious and non-infectious animal diseases animal diseases","authors":"N. V. Pimenov, S. V. Laptev, K. Y. Permyakova, S. N. Mazanova, R. Ivannikova","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.37","url":null,"abstract":"Innate immunity plays a decisive role in the primary reaction of the body to microbial agents. It is realized through the activation of cellular  and humoral  factors  of nonspecific resistance  –  neutrophils,  macrophages  and antimicrobial  and  regulatory  substances  secreted by them, which, in turn, trigger a cascade of reactions involving lymphocytes. On the surface of the mucous membranes and in mucosal secretions, neutrophils realize their function not only through phagocytosis, but also through the release of DNA and bactericidal granules that form neutrophil extracellular  traps.  Violation  of  the  functioning  of these  cells  on  the  surface  of  the  mucous membranes is considered as one of the factors of the formation of pathological microbial  communities,  leading  to  the  development of dysbiosis and inflammation of various localization. The completed character of phagocytosis  is  provided  by  microbicidal systems of leukocytes: cationic proteins and myeloperoxidase.  They  have  a  special  immunological  significance  and  influence  the course and outcome of the disease. Myeloperoxidase and cationic proteins are the main factors of bactericidal protection.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"252 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the effectiveness of a feed additive for poultry \"VITASIL 2 PLUS\"","authors":"E. Javadov, O. B. Novikova, V. Veretennikov, N. Tarlavin, D. Kraskov, N. A. Yarygina","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.57","url":null,"abstract":"Feed  additives  based  on  organic  acids have a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect that correlates with the input rate (dosage). The effect of the drugs is due to a cellular metabolic disorder of opportunistic bacteria and a change in the permeability of their cell membranes. The use of acid-based preparations helps to preserve the nutritional value of feed and prevent infection of animals and birds, which is an important aspect in maintaining  the  productivity  of  livestock.  This article examines the effectiveness of the new feed additive “Vitasil 2 Plus” against micro-organisms of the species Salmonella Enteritidis,  Escherichia  coli,  Pseudomonas  aeruginosa by adding to water and various types of raw materials and feed.Epizootic strains isolated from pathological material from birds from poultry farms in the  Russian  Federation  were  used  as  test cultures. The effectiveness of the drug was studied at low and high input rates, depending  on  the  type  of  substrate  being  studied. The following substrates were used: drinking water,  granulated  feed,  powder,  fish  meal and  soybean  meal.  Simple  (meat  peptone agar),  selective  (staphylococcal  agar)  and differential  diagnostic  (Endo  medium,  xyloselysine  deoxycholate  agar -  XLD  agar) nutrient media were used in the work.According  to  the  results,  it  was  found that the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of the feed additive, as a rule, correlate with high  and  low  input  rates.  As  a  result,  the effectiveness of the complex drug “Vitasil 2 Plus” has been proven against a number of microorganisms,  thereby  this  feed  additive can be used in the disinfection of feed and drinking water.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"939 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of the clinical picture and biochemical indicators of the blood of yaks with hooves diseases in the republic of Tyva","authors":"A. V. Oorzhak, E. L. Bezruk","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.248","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issues of etiology, clinic, prevention and biochemical parameters of blood in yaks with the presence of hoof pathologies kept in various pastures: highlands and valleys. The studies were carried out on 30 (n=30) yaks with hoof pathologies kept in Ovyursky (n=15) and Mongun- Taiginsky (n=15) regions of the Republic of Tajikistan in 2021-2022. In animals with clinically pronounced pathologies, blood samples were taken for biochemical studies. The following parameters were taken into account: ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea, calcium, phosphorus. The nature of pathological changes in the distal parts of the limbs is influenced by the sharply continental climate of the Republic of Tatarstan, a sharp change in the ground for a short time, rocky or swampy terrain. The anatomical features of the structure of the hooves are determined by the environmental conditions and the features of the static and dynamic functions of the limbs under these conditions. Compared to cattle, the horny wall of the hooves is up to 8 mm thick, the angles of the toes are more obtuse, the shape of the hoof is rounded with a horseshoe-shaped protrusion. The main pathologies of the hooves in animals kept on soft ground are deformations of the hoof horn in the form of acute-angled and curved ones. On rocky ground there are a large number of cracks and clefts concentrated on the heel parts of the wall. The consequences of injuries are inflammatory processes of an acute and chronic nature: aseptic diffuse laminitis (namins) localized on the side walls of the pelvic limbs in the area of the heels and the toe part of the sole of the chest limbs. A large number of diffuse purulent pododermatitis was found in the course of regeneration and completion of the formation of a double wall. Biochemical parameters of yak blood are characterized by an increase in the level of alanine aminotransferase, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, which is due to pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74705146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An effective strategy for the treatment of toxic dyspepsia in calves","authors":"K. A. Gerceva, L. V. Nikulova, E. V. Kiseleva","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.307","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. In this paper, an effective protocol for the treatment of a toxic form of dyspepsia in young cattle is considered. According to experts, dyspepsia is a multifactorial disease, the positive outcome of treatment of which depends not only on the effective action of antibacterial therapy, but also on the timely prevention of the development of endotoxic shock, developing due to dehydration and overexpression of the nervous system.The studies were carried out on cattle calves up to 10 days of age of the Holstein breed. To study the therapeutic efficacy of the proposed treatment protocol, three groups of analogues were formed: two experimental and a control group (n=12). The calves of the first experimental group were prescribed: a decoction of oak bark inside, an antibiotic intramuscularly and intraperitoneal preparation \"Sterofundin isotonic\". In the second experimental group, pathogenetic therapy in the form of visceral novocaine blockade was carried out in addition to the first scheme. In the control group, they were prescribed: inside decoction of oak bark, an antibiotic intramuscularly, the drug \"Sterofundin isotonic\" intravenously. During the observation period, the general clinical condition was determined daily in the morning and evening. At the end of the experiment, the number of recovered calves, the severity of the disease, and the percentage of animal deaths were determined. On the first day and after 10 days, blood was taken from all animals to determine the dynamics of hematological changes.The use of a treatment regimen for toxic dyspepsia of calves with the inclusion of antibacterial, infusion therapy with simulta neous visceral novocaine blockade allowed to reduce the incidence by 2.7 times, increase therapeutic efficacy by 2.4 times compared with the control group. The duration of treatment with the use of the proposed treatment was reduced by 1.9 days, a significant increase in hemoglobin was noted in the blood of calves by 11.48% higher, lymphocytes by 1.68 times (p<0.05). The economic effect in the second experimental group was maximum and amounted to 2.28 rubles per rub of costs.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"309 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75445973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods of surgical treatment of pelvic bone fractures in dogs and postoperative rehabilitation","authors":"A. A. Kerimkhanova, K. Orynkhanov, A. Imanbayev, A. K. Makhmutov, A. A. Adilzhan, N. Makhanbetuly","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.286","url":null,"abstract":"Pelvic ring injury is one of the most severe forms of musculoskeletal injury in small domestic animals. They usually do not survive due to the development of traumatic shock and complications from the pelvic organs, which develop in the post-traumatic period. In this article on the topic: \"Methods of surgical treatment of pelvic bone fractures in dogs and postoperative rehabilitation\" performed by a number of authors from the Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, examples of surgical intervention for various pelvic fractures in dogs are given, using various methods of fixing them.Such as: internal methods of fixing fractures of the pelvic ring, using plates, screws, various types of wires designed for osteosynthesis of bones; external methods of fixing fractures of the pelvic ring, using the spokerod method. The studies were carried out on 18 dogs for a year and a half in the veterinary clinic \"Center for Veterinary Medicine\" and in the \"Daria Pankova Rehabilitation Center\" in Almaty. The studied animals were aged from 1 year to 3.5 years. Breedchar-acteristic sranged from small breeds such as Chihuahuasand Dachshundstolarge out breds and CaneCorso .As well as the use of early rehabilitation in the postoperative period to eliminate various complications, such as muscle atrophy, neurological deficits of varying degrees, loss of limb sensitivity, and so on.The recovery rate of bone and cartilage tissue in the application of food additives in the nutrition of operated animals was estimated, with the data obtained being recorded every 10 days. The analysis of the data obtained shows that the use of additional dietary supplements significantly accelerates the process of formation of a callus and rapid consolidation of bone fractures.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84608769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of methods for determining the fertility of replacement pigs inindustrial conditions","authors":"M. Volkova, V. Maksimov, S. V. Fedorov, N. Lebedev","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.276","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the results of the study, methods for determining the fertility of replacement pigs in the conditions of an industrial pig farm have been improved. The effectiveness of the proposed \"Complex method for determining the fertility of replacement pigs in industrial conditions\" is shown. An assessment was made of the hormonal status of replacement pigs in the ontogenesis phases critical for the development of the reproductive system - before the first estrus (before puberty) and immediately before insemination (maturity of the body); features of the manifestation of the immobility reflex in these gilts under conditions of artificial insemination. When applying the developed methodology for determining the timing of insemination of pigs, its efficiency increases - the percentage of pro-hollowness decreases from 5.68% to 1.29%, which leads to a reasonable expenditure of labor costs for the preparation of sperm doses and insemination, more rational use seed production at the same financial costs for the technique itself.The level of sex hormones (estradiol, testosterone, cortisol and FSH) in the blood serum of physiologically healthy replacement pigs of the Duroc breed in the phases of ontogenesis that are critical for the formation of the reproductive system - in the period before the first estrus and in the period after body maturation (immediately before insemination) allows you to quickly determine fertility in replacement pigs. The use of the developed \"Complex method for determining the fertility of replacement pigs in industrial conditions\" contributes to the effective use of the breeding stock","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74130137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bacterial culture of urine relevance in the complex treatment of incontinence in dogs","authors":"S. Tatarintsev, A. Stekolnikov","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.293","url":null,"abstract":"To date in Russian federation there is widespread in veterinary medicine to empiric prescription of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs in the treatment of bacterial cystitis in dogs. The main danger of this approach is associated with the provocation of the development of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms, with the surgical treatment of animals in the active stage of the inflammatory process and associated complications, with the development of ascending infections of the urinary system. Very important for a positive clinical result in the treatment of dogs with urinary incontinence against the background of ureteral ectopia or urethral sphincter insufficiency has a compliance with the preanalytical rules when taking biomaterial (urine) for bacteriological examination by pyelocentesis or cystocentesis. So there is data how to obtaining a biomaterial and its laboratory research in this article. This article presents arguments to the feasibility and necessity of conducting a laboratory study of the bacterial composition of urine in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the urinary system associated with urinary incontinence. This approach makes it possible to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, stop the actual infectious process and ensure high rates of treatment. Вacterial culture of urine is one of the most important tests to ensure the successful treatment of patients with such diseases. Also in analyzes results we can see the insufficiency and associated risks of broadspectrum antibacterial drugs’s \"blind\" prescription, which has negative affect for treatment","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77868055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}