{"title":"Coexistence of smart utility networks and WLAN/ZigBee in smart grid","authors":"Ruofei Ma, W. Meng, Hsiao-Hwa Chen, Yu-Ren Huang","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485985","url":null,"abstract":"IEEE 802.15.4g defines smart metering utility networks (SUNs) to enable system control and information transfer in smart grid. However, sharing operation on unlicensed bands makes most SUN channels to overlap with wireless local area network (WLAN) or ZigBee channels in a heterogeneous communication environment. Thus, coexistence of SUNs and WLANs/ZigBees is a crucial issue, which is the focus of this paper. In particular, we will find a solution to mitigate WLAN and ZigBee interferences on SUNs operating in the same band. Analytical model is applied to evaluate bit error rate (BER) performance of a SUN in different interference scenarios. The simulation shows that frequency offset and separation distance play important roles in coexistence situations. We then use a packet error rate (PER) calculation model to analyze the PER performance in order to determine the minimum separation distances between a SUN receiver and WLAN/ZigBee transmitters. Finally, a coexistence solution based on multiple gateway wireless mesh topology is proposed for SUNs to mitigate WLAN/ZigBee interferences.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124123884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electric vehicles as flexible loads: Algorithms to optimize aggregate behavior","authors":"Xiaojun Geng, P. Khargonekar","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486022","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers load shifting for electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce the peak value of the total power consumption. Large numbers of EV charging requests are classified into relatively small number of load types so that the computational effort remains unchanged as number of loads increases. A twolayer optimization scheme is proposed to deal with tasks that may demand sequentially varying power levels, which further reduces the computational burden. These ideas are potentially useful in harnessing flexibility in electric loads.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126270908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nakayama, Kyle E. Benson, L. Bic, M. Dillencourt
{"title":"Complete automation of future grid for optimal real-time distribution of renewables","authors":"K. Nakayama, Kyle E. Benson, L. Bic, M. Dillencourt","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486020","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a novel distributed control technique to distribute renewable energy resources to consumers in a future large-scale power grid connecting real-time end-use devices to anticipate demand automatically. The proposed technique, which integrates tie-set graph theory with an intelligent agent system, effectively divides the power grid into a set of loops. Autonomous agents constantly navigate the grid to dynamically synchronize state information among tie-sets and completely automate the future power grid. The supply and load of electric power at every instant can be balanced even if the future load is uncertain and renewable generation is highly variable and unpredictable. Simulation results on a one hundred-node network demonstrate the optimal real-time distribution of renewables and thus the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131826779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solar generation prediction using the ARMA model in a laboratory-level micro-grid","authors":"Rui Huang, Tiana Huang, R. Gadh, Na Li","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486039","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this article is to investigate and research solar generation forecasting in a laboratory-level micro-grid, using the UCLA Smart Grid Energy Research Center (SMERC) as the test platform. The article presents an overview of the existing solar forecasting models and provides an evaluation of various solar forecasting providers. The auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) model and the persistence model are used to predict the future solar generation within the vicinity of UCLA. In the forecasting procedures, the historical solar radiation data originates from SolarAnywhere. System Advisor Model (SAM) is applied to obtain the historical solar generation data, with inputting the data from SolarAnywhere. In order to validate the solar forecasting models, simulations in the System Identification Toolbox, Matlab platform are performed. The forecasting results with error analysis indicate that the ARMA model excels at short and medium term solar forecasting, whereas the persistence model performs well only under very short duration.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132903041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bavarian, L. Lampe, Cheong Siew, S. Lancashire, Kunle Adeleye
{"title":"Leveraging the smart metering infrastructure in distribution automation","authors":"S. Bavarian, L. Lampe, Cheong Siew, S. Lancashire, Kunle Adeleye","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485976","url":null,"abstract":"For most utilities, deployment of the smart metering infrastructure (SMI) is the first step towards modernization of the electrical power grid (a.k.a. Smart Grid). SMI initiatives involve significant investments in a pervasive communications network that covers most of the distribution grid. Many utilities intend to leverage these investments in their future Smart Grid initiatives particularly in distribution automation (DA) which entails remote monitoring and control of field devices in the distribution grid. In this paper, we look at DA communications requirements and review commonly-deployed SMI solutions. We then discuss the standardized architecture of multi-service SMI radio frequency (RF) mesh networks in more detail and provide a real-world case study of BC Hydro DA plans.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114848294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joel Höglund, Dejan Ilić, S. Karnouskos, R. Sauter, P. Silva
{"title":"Using a 6LoWPAN smart meter mesh network for event-driven monitoring of power quality","authors":"Joel Höglund, Dejan Ilić, S. Karnouskos, R. Sauter, P. Silva","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486025","url":null,"abstract":"Power quality monitoring is one of the key issues of managing an electrical grid, which is becoming even more important with more distributed and more variable generation. Today expensive equipment allows monitoring of the power network at key points, but for cost reasons this can not reach the residential end-user. To prevent an excessive need for specialized monitoring hardware, e.g. network analysers, it is proposed to engage the capabilities of modern smart meters which can monitor and report power quality events (e.g. voltage deviations). Subsequently a grid operator can follow up with actions in an affected area in order to analyse problems e.g. by increasing the sampling rate. Although the smart meter precision is not comparable to the precision of a commercial network analyser, in large numbers distributed smart meters forming a mesh network can provide sufficient information for power quality in an area while keeping the monitoring overhead and the cost low. It is shown that by using modern interoperable wireless communication protocols and Internet services, the proposed system has a high degree of flexibility, and good potential for scalability and resilience. The preliminary evaluation shows that the smart metering infrastructure, if coupled with suitable information and communication tools, can offer innovative value-added services and enhance existing business processes.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115126745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal load scheduling for residential renewable energy integration","authors":"Thanh Dang, Kathryn E. Ringland","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486037","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an optimal load scheduling algorithm to minimize energy cost for residential homes in smart grids. The algorithm is designed for smart grids with renewable energy sources, energy storage, and two-way communication and energy dispatch. Each appliance in a home has jobs that can be deferred but have deadlines. The algorithm takes into account day-ahead pricing with inclining block rates from energy retailers, local energy generation information from renewable sources, and future jobs to make decisions on when to buy or sell energy while still accomplishing the jobs before their deadlines. The algorithm achieves its optimality by formulating a linear optimization problem that can be solved efficiently. Simulation results show that our approach can reduce energy cost by 20% and peak energy consumption by 100% compared to other approaches.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125965683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Akhavan-Hejazi, Zahra Baharlouei, Hamed Mohsenian Rad
{"title":"Challenges and opportunities in large-scale deployment of automated energy consumption scheduling systems in smart grids","authors":"H. Akhavan-Hejazi, Zahra Baharlouei, Hamed Mohsenian Rad","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485995","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have shown that the lack of knowledge among users on how to respond to time-varying prices and the lack of effective home automation systems are two major barriers for fully utilizing the advantages of real-time pricing. Therefore, there has been a growing interest over the past few years towards developing automated energy consumption scheduling (ECS) devices to constantly monitor the hourly prices and schedule the operation of users' controllable load to minimize their energy expenditure. While the prior results in using ECS devices are promising, all prior work are limited to small-scale deployment of ECS devices. For example, in most cases, the users that are equipped with the ECS devices are assumed to be part of a microgrid or a feeder connected to a sub-station. In this paper, we rather investigate large-scale deployment of ECS devices in a power grid with several buses and generators. The price of electricity at each bus is set according to the locational marginal price (LMP) at that bus. We show that a key challenge in large-scale deployment of ECS devices is load synchronization. However, we propose to use a moving average smoothing mechanism for LMPs that can fix the load synchronization problem and stabilize the system. Furthermore, we show that the proposed large-scale ECS system has a close to optimal performance in terms of reducing peak-to-average-ratio in load demand, minimizing the total power generation cost, and lowering users' electricity bills.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127279946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depeng Li, Z. Aung, John R. Williams, Abel Sanchez
{"title":"P3: Privacy preservation protocol for appliance control application","authors":"Depeng Li, Z. Aung, John R. Williams, Abel Sanchez","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485999","url":null,"abstract":"To address recently emerging concerns on privacy violations, this paper investigates possible sensitive information leakages in the appliance control, which is one of the handiest and most visible applications in smart grids. Without a consistent privacy preservation mechanism, the appliance control system can capture, model and divulge customers' behavior, activities, and personal information at almost every level of society. We investigated a privacy threat model for the appliance control application and further design and implement a protection protocol. Experiment results demonstrate that our protocol merely incurs a substantially light overhead on the appliance control application, but is able to address and solve the formidable challenges both customers and utility companies are facing.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131055874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demand Response aware cluster resource provisioning for parallel applications","authors":"Chen Wang, M. Groot","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485971","url":null,"abstract":"Data center energy consumption is significant and accounts for about 2% of total energy use in the U.S. recently. A range of approaches, from cooling techniques to workload consolidation have been taken to improve data center energy efficiency. In contrast to most methods published so far, this paper treats a data centre as a consumer in an electricity market. Our intention is to make data centres more responsive to electricity market conditions with minimal impact on their performance. In electricity markets, Demand Response(DR) is a method for improving grid efficiency by encouraging consumers to adjust their demand during price peaks or network stress. Significant consumption and cost savings can potentially be made via implementing DR programs involving a large set of consumers. Traditionally, DR has been a largely manual process, however, automated DR is becoming increasingly prevalent due to the deployment of smart grid technologies. In this paper, we treat the server cluster in a data centre as an energy consumer that participates DR activities. We give two algorithms to enable the cluster to automatically adjust the number of active servers to respond to DR requests while maintaining acceptable system performance. We evaluate our algorithms using real traces.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130735616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}