International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Examining Tympanostomy Tube Outcomes in Indigenous vs. Non-Indigenous Children of Northern Quebec","authors":"Saruchi Bandargal ,&nbsp;Catherine F. Roy ,&nbsp;Lily HP. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Lamiae Himdi ,&nbsp;Tamara Mijovic ,&nbsp;Jeffrey C. Yeung","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) and recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) pose significant burdens on pediatric patients and their families. These conditions disproportionately affect marginalized populations, such as Indigenous communities in Canada, where higher incidence rates and reduced access to care are well documented. This study aims to better understand the sequelae of rAOM/COME following tympanostomy tube (TT) insertion in Indigenous pediatric patients living in northern Quebec.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective matched cohort study was conducted on children who underwent TT insertion. Indigenous patients were matched 1:2 by age and gender with non-Indigenous controls. Data collected included comorbidities, TT indications, surgical history, cancellation rates, otolaryngology and audiology assessments (pre- and post-operative), operative notes, and follow-up documentation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 240 patients (80 Indigenous and 160 non-Indigenous) were analyzed. Baseline characteristics, surgical wait times (p = 0.18), and time to first follow-up (p = 0.33) were similar. At first follow-up (mean 5.4–5.9 months), Indigenous children were more likely to have tympanic membrane perforation (6.2 % vs. 1.3 %, p = 0.04). Tube extrusion was observed in 23.8 % of Indigenous children versus 15 % of non-Indigenous children (p = 0.054). Among Indigenous patients, Inuit children had a significantly higher extrusion rate (50 %) compared to First Nations children (23.3 %) (p = 0.04).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While access to care appears equitable post-referral, Indigenous children—particularly Inuit—exhibit higher rates of tympanic membrane perforation and possible early tube extrusion. These differences underscore the need for tailored approaches and further investigation into population-specific pathophysiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 112743"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demography and outcomes of frozen tongue: a scoping review of Scandinavian tundra tongue cases","authors":"Anders Hagen Jarmund ,&nbsp;Sofie Eline Tollefsen ,&nbsp;Baard Cristoffer Sakshaug ,&nbsp;Yashar Honarmandi ,&nbsp;Sverre Helge Torp","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Children occasionally adhere their tongues to cold metal surfaces during winter (“tundra tongue”), but little is known about the epidemiology and outcomes of these cases.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore the following questions: who experiences tundra tongue, under which circumstances does it occur, and what are the outcomes?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a scoping review to identify case reports published in historical newspapers from Norway, Sweden and Denmark using national library databases. Epidemiological data were charted manually from newspaper items describing literal frozen tongues.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 17,009 unique search hits, 856 reports of 113 different cases were identified. Almost all cases (96 %) involved children, median age 5.25 years, and the majority were boys (63 %). Tongues were most often frozen to railings (40 %). Ambient temperature was reported in 18 cases with a median of −16.5 °C. Outcomes ranged from discomfort to potential amputation of tongue tissue, with 20 (18 %) cases involving a doctor or a hospital. Severe injuries were reported in several cases through three distinct mechanisms: (1) the direct effect of cold on tissue, (2) detachment injuries, and (3) the consequences of immobility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Children, and especially boys, in wintertime, are vulnerable to tundra tongue. Most cases had no or mild consequences but severe injuries were also described in multiple cases. Hence, parents, health care professionals and policymakers should not underestimate the potential harm of tundra tongue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 112740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring cochlear implantation and quality of life in pediatric recipients with autism spectrum disorder","authors":"Meredith Allen ,&nbsp;Camille Reeves ,&nbsp;Sofia Torres-Small ,&nbsp;Robert J. Yawn ,&nbsp;Charles B. Macdonald ,&nbsp;Samuel H. Smith ,&nbsp;Celine Richard","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to comprehensively assess the timing and accessibility of cochlear implantation, patterns of its utilization, and the associated outcomes related to quality of life (QoL), in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Retrospective case-control review, and cross-sectional hearing-related QoL survey.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Tertiary children's hospital.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This investigation employed a retrospective case-control design, complemented by a cross-sectional hearing-related QoL survey using the HEAR-QL questionnaires. Outcomes were compared between two populations of pediatric cochlear implant recipients: one group with a preoperative diagnosis of ASD and a control group of neurotypical peers. A review of 413 patient records from 2000 to 2022 identified 22 eligible patients with ASD and matched controls. Of these, 16 participants from the ASD group and 16 controls completed the prospective quality-of-life surveys.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The time between the definitive diagnosis of profound sensorineural hearing loss and the cochlear implantation evaluation was longer for patients with ASD. However, no other significant differences in care delays were observed between ASD children and controls, including time to CI qualification, and implantation. Nevertheless, children with ASD aged 2–6 years showed poorer outcomes in social interaction (p = 0.02) and new social situations (p = 0.02 and 0.04). Despite these behavioral differences, no significant disparity in hearing-related QoL-related communication outcomes was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study shows that cochlear implant benefit children with ASD, with expected challenges not affecting overall success. It underscores the importance of individualized approaches to address delays in CI evaluation, communication, and social interaction challenges. These insights can help guide care teams, parents and educators in setting realistic expectations following cochlear implantation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 112725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special issue ESPO 2025","authors":"Orlando Guntinas-Lichius (Guest editor)","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112741","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 112741"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing paediatric endoscopic airway training with a high-fidelity 3D-printed simulator","authors":"Victoria Carswell ,&nbsp;Wisha Gul ,&nbsp;Thushitha Kunanandam","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To develop and validate a high-fidelity, low-cost paediatric airway simulation model for endoscopic procedures, replicating a range of laryngeal pathologies. The study assessed the model's face, content, and construct validity and evaluated its educational value for airway surgery training.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective, multicentre validation study was conducted across three international paediatric otolaryngology courses. Eighty otolaryngologists of varying seniority completed a 19-item Likert questionnaire assessing face and content validity for laryngomalacia, subglottic stenosis and laryngeal cyst models. A subgroup of registrars undertook repeated supraglottoplasty practice to assess construct validity through performance scores and completion time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All 80 participants completed validation surveys. Mean face and content validity scores exceeded 4/5 across all models, indicating strong anatomical fidelity and educational value. The simulator was rated highly for improving endoscopic technique (mean content score 4.79 ± 0.41). In the construct validity subgroup, supraglottoplasty completion time improved by 7.54m (t = 3.55, p = 0.01) with skill scores increasing by +1.25 points (t = −3.56, p = 0.01). Junior trainees showed greater improvement than seniors. Participants provided favourable qualitative feedback on realism and instrument handling.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This modular, 3D-printed paediatric airway simulator demonstrates face, content and construct validity, with reproducible educational benefits across an international cohort. Its low cost, modularity and interchangeable inserts supports scalable adoption in training programmes. Future work should assess transferability of skills to clinical practice and optimise tissue fidelity for improved haptic realism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 112716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a TEOAE refer / AABR pass profile at the neonatal hearing screening indicate risk?","authors":"Francesca Forli ,&nbsp;Silvia Capobianco ,&nbsp;Letizia Palazzo ,&nbsp;Luca Bruschini ,&nbsp;Stefano Berrettini ,&nbsp;Francesco Lazzerini","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the long-term outcomes of infants with a “refer” result on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) but a subsequent bilateral “pass” on the automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) at neonatal screening, with the goal of determining the risk of permanent hearing loss and potential functional consequences during childhood of this profile.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed infants born between 2011 and 2019 at Pisa University Hospital (Italy) who failed TEOAE but passed bilateral AABR. Long-term follow-up was conducted ≥5 years after screening using a structured telephone questionnaire on functional outcomes (speech therapy, language delay, school difficulties, formal diagnosis of hearing loss). Children with positive responses were recalled for in-person audiological testing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 16,574 screened newborns, 74 (0.45 %) showed a TEOAE “refer” but bilateral AABR “pass”. Long-term data were obtained for 63 children (85.1 %), with a mean follow-up age of 9.2 years (median 10, range 5–12). Of the 25 children who reported at least one functional difficulty and underwent in-person audiological reassessment, three (4.7 % of the total cohort) showed conductive hearing loss, while all others had normal pure-tone thresholds (≤20 dB HL bilaterally). The conductive losses were associated with otitis media with effusion and underlying conditions such as Down syndrome or cleft palate. Despite these findings, 25 children (39.7 %) were reported to have functional difficulties, including need for speech therapy, language delay, or school problems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first study to report long-term (&gt;5 years) outcomes in children with a TEOAE “refer”/bilateral AABR “pass” profile. In this cohort, no cases of permanent hearing loss were identified. However, the relatively high prevalence of functional difficulties highlights the importance of pediatric surveillance to ensure timely recognition of developmental issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 112748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of parental satisfaction regarding early activation in the management of cochlear implant in children","authors":"Valentine Nicolas ,&nbsp;Maëlle Raccah ,&nbsp;Marie Perrinet ,&nbsp;François-Xavier Betolaud ,&nbsp;Nathalie Petroff ,&nbsp;Salma Jbyeh ,&nbsp;Natacha Teissier ,&nbsp;Emilie Bois","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Depending on the habits of the implanting center, the time interval between the surgical procedure and the activation of a cochlear implant varies greatly. Traditionally, the activation occurs several weeks after surgery, particularly in pediatric population. If recent improvements have concern surgical procedures and peri-operative care, early fitting constitutes the next optimization in cochlear implant management; for the past 5 years, we have introduced early fitting with Day 1 activation in the Robert Debré pediatric hospital. This study aims to evaluate the satisfaction of parents regarding early activation of their child's cochlear implant.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Pediatric patients who underwent an early activation of their cochlear implant between 2021 and 2024 in Robert Debré Hospital were included in the study. A satisfaction questionnaire was handed out to the parents and collected. The questionnaire encompassed informations received before implantation and during the hospital stay, and their feelings regarding early activation, and after hospital discharge.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>68 parents of patients completed the questionnaire: 73.5 % were activated on day 1 of surgery. 60.3 % considered that early activation has not been painful for their child. 53 % of the parents identified a reaction to an auditory stimulus in their child during activation. 44 % were satisfied with the clinical pharmacologist's visit. 92.3 % were satisfied with the early activation procedure, and 97 % with returning home with an activated cochlear implant. They felt well informed before and after the surgery. No major complication was reported amongst our patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Parents are satisfied with their child's early activation of the cochlear implant and felt relieved to go home with an activated processor and early data on the proper functioning of the implant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 112726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive analysis of language and sensory profile skills in children with auditory brainstem implants and cochlear implants","authors":"Nuriye Yildirim Gökay ,&nbsp;Banu Baş ,&nbsp;Beyza Demi̇rtaş Yilmaz ,&nbsp;Esra Yücel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze and compare the sensory profiles and language skills of children with auditory brainstem implants (ABI) and cochlear implants (CI) over one year.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This prospective comparative study included 24 children aged 6–8 years and 11 months, consisting of 12 bimodal CI-ABI users and 12 bilateral CI users. All children received scheduled auditory rehabilitation and audiological follow-ups. Sensory profiles were assessed using the Sensory Profile scale, while school-age language skills were evaluated using the Test of Language Development-Primary: Fourth Edition. The language and sensory profile scores of the children from one year prior and later to the study were compared. Additionally, the progress levels of the groups within one year were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both children with CI and ABI demonstrated significant improvements in verbal language skills (e.g., sentence repetition, p &lt; 0.001), registration, sensory seeking, sensory input processing, low endurance, and fine motor skills over the year. However, children with CI showed significantly greater progress in verbal language composite scores (p = 0.015) and subskills such as registration and fine motor skills (p &lt; 0.05) compared to the ABI group. Multivariate analysis further revealed that hearing loss etiology and implantation mode were significant factors influencing developmental outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Hearing implants not only enhance language skills but also facilitate progress in children's sensory profile sub-skills. A holistic approach that evaluates hearing, language, and overall development is recommended for hearing-impaired children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 112747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wideband absorbance measurements in cochlear implant recipients: Insights into the Transcranial Veria Technique","authors":"Nerale Maraiah Mamatha ,&nbsp;Raghunath Bansode Rohit ,&nbsp;Karuppannan Arunraj","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Cochlear implantation (CI) significantly improves hearing in individuals with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. However, variations in surgical techniques may affect middle and inner ear mechanics. This study explores the effect of transcranial transcanal wall-Veria technique for CI on middle ear mechanics, measured using wideband absorbance (WBA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ten children (4–7 years) who underwent CI using the transcranial Transcanal wall-Veria technique were compared to age- and gender-matched controls with normal-hearing children. Tympanometric measures such as static compliance, tympanometric peak pressure, Ear canal volume, resonance frequency, and wideband absorbance at peak and ambient pressure were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Conventional 226 Hz Tympanometric measures were similar for both CI and Normal hearing groups, showing no significant differences (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05) between the groups. However, WBA measurements revealed significant changes (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in absorbance across frequencies, particularly at higher frequencies (2000–8000 Hz). The WBA pattern was different, with two maximum absorbance for normal-hearing children, whereas single maxima around 2000 Hz for CI group. Further, WBA at peak pressure differed from ambient pressure in both groups at low and mid-frequencies, with significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) observed only in CI group. These results suggest that the Veria technique causes alterations in middle ear mechanics, specifically in the high-frequency regions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the utility of WBA in detecting subtle, frequency-specific changes in ear mechanics following the Veria CI technique, which may remain undetected by conventional tympanometry. Although functional auditory outcomes such as aided thresholds, speech perception scores, and eSRT were not correlated in this study,the findings underscore the importance of WBA as an advanced diagnostic tools in assessing the impact of surgical techniques on ear function post-CI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 112727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146010414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenoidectomy with tympanostomy or with myringotomy alone: A systematic review of pediatric randomized controlled trials","authors":"Ebraheem Albazee ,&nbsp;Noof Albannai ,&nbsp;Hajar Alismail ,&nbsp;Yasmeen Alazemi ,&nbsp;Munawer Alsaeed ,&nbsp;Esraa Alhammadi ,&nbsp;Abrar Awadh ,&nbsp;Abdullah Alabdullah ,&nbsp;Mariam AlRaish ,&nbsp;Ahmad Alawadhi ,&nbsp;Ghezlan Aldawas ,&nbsp;Mohmmad Alkaak ,&nbsp;Dhoha Ismaeel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2026.112718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a leading cause of acquired conductive hearing loss in children. When performing an adenoidectomy for OME, surgeons must decide whether to supplement the procedure with a simple myringotomy or a myringotomy with tympanostomy tube (TT) insertion. While TT offers extended middle ear ventilation, it carries a risk of long-term complications. This systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of these two approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Web of Science was conducted for RCTs up to August 2025. Eligible RCTs were assessed for quality using the risk of bias (RoB)-2 tool. The primary outcomes were hearing improvement and resolution of effusion. Secondary outcomes included OME recurrence and postoperative complications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eleven RCTs involving 955 pediatric patients were included. The addition of TT consistently resulted in superior short-term outcomes, with significantly better hearing levels and faster resolution of middle ear effusion within the first 3–6 months. However, these advantages were not sustained, and no significant differences in hearing or effusion rates were observed at 12-month follow-ups. In contrast, the TT group experienced a significantly higher incidence of long-term complications, including otorrhea, tympanosclerosis, and persistent tympanic membrane perforation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Adding a TT to adenoidectomy provides a transient benefit in hearing and effusion resolution but significantly increases the risk of long-term tympanic membrane complications. Adenoidectomy with myringotomy alone appears to be a safer and equally effective long-term strategy for managing pediatric OME.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 112718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}