The Arbutus Review最新文献_第2页

The Queen of Propaganda: Boudica’s Representation in Empire 宣传女王:布迪卡在帝国中的表现

The Arbutus Review Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.18357/tar121202120187

Eleanor Mary Vannan

引用次数: 0

Decision Making Under Chronic Stress and Anxiety: State and Trait Anxiety Impact Contextual Updating but not Feedback Learning 慢性压力和焦虑下的决策:状态和特质焦虑影响情境更新，但不影响反馈学习

The Arbutus Review Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.18357/tar121202120178

Juliet M. Rowe, Thomas D. Ferguson, O. Krigolson

{"title":"Decision Making Under Chronic Stress and Anxiety: State and Trait Anxiety Impact Contextual Updating but not Feedback Learning","authors":"Juliet M. Rowe, Thomas D. Ferguson, O. Krigolson","doi":"10.18357/tar121202120178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar121202120178","url":null,"abstract":"Stress may alter executive functioning by causing structural and functional changes to the brain. Sub-optimal decisions made under high levels of stress and anxiety may act as a mediator for stress-related health effects. We examined the effect of three personality traits–chronic stress, state anxiety, and trait anxiety–on updating working memory and feedback learning across 330 participants, using electroencephalography (EEG). We hypothesized a decrease in P300 (updating working memory) and reward positivity (feedback learning) amplitudes with increasing chronic stress and anxiety scores. The three personality traits were not correlated with reward positivity amplitudes. Additionally, chronic stress had no effect on P300 amplitudes. However, state and trait anxiety were negatively correlated with P300 amplitudes. Anxiety appears to impact working memory processes, and this effect was amplified with decreasing anxiety score quantiles to reflect the tails of the distribution. Our results are evidence of the beginnings of a correlation between anxiety and the neural correlates of decision-making, offering insight into anxiety-related adverse health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128050885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Heroic Hearts”: Masculinity and Imperialism in “Ulysses” and “The White Man’s Burden” “英雄之心”:《尤利西斯》与《白人的负担》中的男子气概与帝国主义

The Arbutus Review Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.18357/tar121202120160

A. Doucette

引用次数: 0

Health Programs as Social Programs: Navigating Difficult Healthcare Policy Decisions 健康计划作为社会计划:导航困难的医疗保健政策决定

The Arbutus Review Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.18357/tar121202120153

S. Seshadri

引用次数: 1

Religion and Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence: A Cross-National Study 宗教与亲密伴侣暴力态度:一项跨国研究

The Arbutus Review Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.18357/tar121202120181

Yang Yang

{"title":"Religion and Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence: A Cross-National Study","authors":"Yang Yang","doi":"10.18357/tar121202120181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar121202120181","url":null,"abstract":"In a world where violence against women remains pervasive and serious, intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most common and harmful forms of violence against women. Since religion and religiosity have been found to be influential in shaping people’s attitudes toward IPV, this global-scale study investigates the net effects of religion and religiosity on attitudes toward IPV with country-specific influences controlled. Using the data from the World Values Survey conducted between 2017 and 2020 that had 69,578 respondents with Ordinary Least Square regression (OLS) models, this study finds that being religious is related to less accepting attitudes toward IPV, while the frequency of attending religious activities does not have a statistically significant relationship with attitudes toward IPV. Variations in attitudes are found among different religious denominations as well. People belonging to some religious denominations show more acceptance of IPV, so the nuanced differences among specific religions are crucial in creating discrepancies in attitudes across religious people. The results call for more future interdisciplinary and mix-method research to further our understanding of the religious impact on attitudes toward IPV and to promote gender equality globally.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134012128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Detecting Fake Users on Social Media with a Graph Database 基于图形数据库的社交媒体虚假用户检测

The Arbutus Review Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.18357/tar121202120027

Yichun Zhao, Jens Weber

引用次数: 1

The Impact of COVID-19 Psychological Distress on Students' Academic Challenges in University 新冠肺炎心理困扰对大学生学业挑战的影响

The Arbutus Review Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.18357/tar121202120194

Kate Shostak, Allyson Hadwin, Paweena Sukhawathanakul

{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 Psychological Distress on Students' Academic Challenges in University","authors":"Kate Shostak, Allyson Hadwin, Paweena Sukhawathanakul","doi":"10.18357/tar121202120194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar121202120194","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced significant disruptions in the learning environment for many post-secondary students with many shifting entirely to remote online learning, which can compound existing academic challenges. While emerging evidence has suggested that COVID-19 impacts students’ well-being and stress, little is known about how the pandemic has affected students academically. This study investigates how different types of academic challenges mediate the relationship between students’ COVID-19 psychological distress and their academic performance. Participants (n=496) completed an online survey that measured COVID-19 psychological distress, self-reported grade point average (GPA), and academic challenges. Mediational analyses estimating indirect pathways were conducted using structural equation modelling on Mplus. Our results showed that all challenges increased along with COVID-19 distress, but specific challenges had a significant relationship with the expected GPA. We found that out of the five academic challenge areas, metacognitive, motivational, and social and emotional challenges emerged as the salient challenge areas that fully mediated the relationship between COVID-19 distress and GPA. Contrary to our prediction, while more significant COVID-19 distress predicted more social and emotional challenges, these challenges were associated to higher GPA. Future research is invited to help students manage and cope with their academic challenges.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121622591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mindfulness-Based Interventions For Successful Aging: Benefits, Barriers, and the Future 成功老龄化的正念干预:益处、障碍和未来

The Arbutus Review Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.18357/tar121202120162

Jamie Sulek

引用次数: 0

Behind the Scenes of COVID-19: The "Hidden Pandemic" of Anti-Asian Racism 2019冠状病毒病的幕后:反亚洲种族主义的“隐性流行病”

The Arbutus Review Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.18357/tar121202120189

Brooke Macnab

引用次数: 2

Opium Poppy Agriculture and Consumption 罂粟农业与消费

The Arbutus Review Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.18357/tar112202019609

Joloni Ginny Anne Makovnyka

{"title":"Opium Poppy Agriculture and Consumption","authors":"Joloni Ginny Anne Makovnyka","doi":"10.18357/tar112202019609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18357/tar112202019609","url":null,"abstract":"As a crop, the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, has been part of multiple human cultures since at least 5000 BCE. Its role as both food and medicine has made this plant an important traditional agricultural product. However, today research on such functions has been largely eclipsed by the narcotic use of opium and its derivatives and the economies that stem from them. The historical uses of poppy and related cultural conceptualizations of its nutritive and medicinal aspects contrast against practices and commodification introduced by European colonization. The commodification of the narcotic potential of the opium poppy has been used by multiple actors since the onset of globalized economic expansion as a means of attaining financial and political power. This paper draws on research compiled from academic, journalistic, and other sources to create a holistic framework for examining the complex health, social, and economic issues related to contemporary production and use of the opium poppy. This paper concludes that future research, specifically anthropological field research grounded in historical and sociopolitical contexts, can offer important insights into the lived experiences of individuals and cultures that produce, distrubute, and consume the poppy as food and medicine. Such future research may offer critical insight into the relationship between the cultural constructs of food and medicine and the effects of narcotic substance consumption. Such research may also offer insight into the possible restructuring of cultural meanings and economies on a broader scale in order to mitigate the harmful effects of narcotic substances within foods.","PeriodicalId":143772,"journal":{"name":"The Arbutus Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125661867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0