Opium Poppy Agriculture and Consumption

Joloni Ginny Anne Makovnyka
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Abstract

As a crop, the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, has been part of multiple human cultures since at least 5000 BCE. Its role as both food and medicine has made this plant an important traditional agricultural product. However, today research on such functions has been largely eclipsed by the narcotic use of opium and its derivatives and the  economies that stem from them. The historical uses of poppy and related cultural conceptualizations of its nutritive and medicinal aspects contrast against practices and commodification  introduced by European colonization. The commodification of the narcotic potential of the opium poppy has been used by multiple actors since the onset of globalized economic expansion as a means of attaining financial and political power. This paper draws on research compiled from academic, journalistic, and other sources to create a holistic framework for examining the complex health, social, and economic issues related to contemporary production and use of the opium poppy. This paper concludes that future research, specifically anthropological field research grounded in historical and sociopolitical contexts, can offer important insights into the lived experiences of individuals and cultures that produce, distrubute, and consume the poppy as food and medicine.  Such future research may offer critical insight into the relationship between the cultural constructs of food and medicine and the effects of narcotic substance consumption. Such research may also offer insight into the possible restructuring of cultural meanings and economies on a broader scale in order to mitigate the harmful effects of narcotic substances within foods.
罂粟农业与消费
作为一种作物,罂粟(Papaver somniferum)至少从公元前5000年起就成为多种人类文化的一部分。作为食品和药物的双重作用使这种植物成为重要的传统农产品。然而,今天对这种功能的研究在很大程度上因鸦片及其衍生物的麻醉用途以及由此产生的经济而黯然失色。罂粟的历史用途及其营养和药用方面的相关文化概念与欧洲殖民时期引入的做法和商品化形成鲜明对比。自从全球化经济扩张开始以来,许多行为者就利用罂粟的麻醉潜力商品化作为获得财政和政治权力的手段。本文利用从学术、新闻和其他来源汇编的研究,为审查与当代罂粟生产和使用有关的复杂的健康、社会和经济问题创建了一个整体框架。本文的结论是,未来的研究,特别是基于历史和社会政治背景的人类学实地研究,可以为生产、分配和消费罂粟作为食物和药物的个人和文化的生活经验提供重要的见解。这种未来的研究可能为食品和药品的文化结构与麻醉物质消费的影响之间的关系提供关键的见解。这种研究还可以深入了解在更大范围内调整文化意义和经济的可能性,以便减轻食品中麻醉物质的有害影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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