International Conference on Embedded Software最新文献_第5页

Finite automata with time-delay blocks 具有时滞块的有限自动机

International Conference on Embedded Software Pub Date : 2012-07-30 DOI: 10.1145/2380356.2380370

K. Chatterjee, T. Henzinger, Vinayak S. Prabhu

引用次数: 2

On model based synthesis of embedded control software 基于模型的嵌入式控制软件综合

International Conference on Embedded Software Pub Date : 2012-07-16 DOI: 10.1145/2380356.2380398

Vadim Alimguzhin, F. Mari, I. Melatti, Ivano Salvo, E. Tronci

{"title":"On model based synthesis of embedded control software","authors":"Vadim Alimguzhin, F. Mari, I. Melatti, Ivano Salvo, E. Tronci","doi":"10.1145/2380356.2380398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2380356.2380398","url":null,"abstract":"Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems (SBCSs), that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for control software. Given the formal model of a plant as a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System and the implementation specifications (that is, number of bits in the Analog-to-Digital (AD) conversion) correct-by-construction control software can be automatically generated from System Level Formal Specifications of the closed loop system (that is, safety and liveness requirements), by computing a suitable finite abstraction of the plant.\u0000 With respect to given implementation specifications, the automatically generated code implements a time optimal control strategy (in terms of set-up time), has a Worst Case Execution Time linear in the number of AD bits b, but unfortunately, its size/grows exponentially with respect to b. In many embedded systems, there are severe restrictions on the computational resources (such as memory or computational power) available to microcontroller devices.\u0000 This paper addresses model based synthesis of control software by trading system level non-functional requirements (such us optimal set-up time, ripple) with software non-functional requirements (its footprint). Our experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach: for the inverted pendulum benchmark, by using a quantization schema with 12 bits, the size of the small controller is less than 6% of the size of the time optimal one.","PeriodicalId":143573,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Embedded Software","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124330356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Model-based specification of timing requirements 时序需求的基于模型的规范

International Conference on Embedded Software Pub Date : 2010-10-24 DOI: 10.1145/1879021.1879053

C. Buckl, I. Gaponova, Michael Geisinger, A. Knoll, Edward A. Lee

引用次数: 14

Reducing stack with intra-task threshold priorities in real-time systems 实时系统中使用任务内阈值优先级减少堆栈

International Conference on Embedded Software Pub Date : 2010-10-24 DOI: 10.1145/1879021.1879036

Gang Yao, G. Buttazzo

引用次数: 17

Online stability validation using sector analysis 利用扇区分析进行在线稳定性验证

International Conference on Embedded Software Pub Date : 2010-10-24 DOI: 10.1145/1879021.1879026

Joseph Porter, G. Hemingway, N. Kottenstette, G. Karsai, J. Sztipanovits

{"title":"Online stability validation using sector analysis","authors":"Joseph Porter, G. Hemingway, N. Kottenstette, G. Karsai, J. Sztipanovits","doi":"10.1145/1879021.1879026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1879021.1879026","url":null,"abstract":"Our previous work has explored the use of compositional stabilization techniques for embedded flight control software[9] based on passivity properties of controller components and systems. Zames[21] presented a compositional behavior-bounding technique for evaluating stability of nonlinear systems based on real intervals representing cones (sectors) that bound possible component behaviors. Many innovations in control theory have developed from his insights. We present a novel use of his sector bound theory to validate the stability of embedded control implementations online. The sector analysis can be implemented as a computationally efficient check of stability for different parts of a control design. The advantage of the online application of this technique is that it takes into account software platform effects that impact stability, such as time delays, quantization, and data integrity.\u0000 We present a brief overview of the sector concept, our compatible control design approach, application of the technique to model-based embedded control software design, an example of its use to find design defects, and insights that may be drawn from our investigation so far. In the present work we only consider software (discrete-time) control of nonlinear continuous-time systems without switching.","PeriodicalId":143573,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Embedded Software","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131222591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Modeling buffers with data refresh semantics in automotive architectures 在汽车架构中使用数据刷新语义建模缓冲区

International Conference on Embedded Software Pub Date : 2010-10-24 DOI: 10.1145/1879021.1879038

L. T. Phan, Reinhard Schneider, S. Chakraborty, Insup Lee

{"title":"Modeling buffers with data refresh semantics in automotive architectures","authors":"L. T. Phan, Reinhard Schneider, S. Chakraborty, Insup Lee","doi":"10.1145/1879021.1879038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1879021.1879038","url":null,"abstract":"Automotive architectures consist of multiple electronic control units (ECUs) which run distributed control applications. Such ECUs are connected to sensors and actuators and communicate via shared buses. Resource arbitration at the ECUs and also in the communication medium, coupled with variabilities in execution requirements of tasks results in jitter in the signal/data streams existing in the system. As a result, buffers are required at the ECUs and bus controllers. However, these buffers often implement different semantics -- FIFO queuing, which is the most straightforward buffering scheme, and data refreshing, where stale data is overwritten by freshly sampled data. Traditional timing and schedulability analysis that are used to compute, e.g., end-to-end delays, in such automotive architectures can only model FIFO buffering. As a result, they return pessimistic delay and resource estimates because in reality paper we propose an analytical framework for accurately modeling such data refresh semantics. Our model exploits a novel feedback control mechanism and is purely functional in nature. As a result, it is scalable and does not involve any explicit state modeling. Using this model we can estimate various timing and performance metrics for automotive ECU networks consisting of buffers implementing different data handling semantics. We illustrate the utility of this model through three case studies from the automotive electronics domain.","PeriodicalId":143573,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Embedded Software","volume":"59 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114354129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Switching logic synthesis for reachability 切换逻辑合成的可达性

International Conference on Embedded Software Pub Date : 2010-10-24 DOI: 10.1145/1879021.1879025

Ankur Taly, A. Tiwari

引用次数: 39

Schedulability and end-to-end latency in distributed ECU networks: formal modeling and precise estimation 分布式ECU网络中的可调度性和端到端延迟:形式化建模和精确估计

International Conference on Embedded Software Pub Date : 2010-10-24 DOI: 10.1145/1879021.1879039

A. Rajeev, S. Mohalik, Manoj G. Dixit, Devesh B. Chokshi, S. Ramesh

{"title":"Schedulability and end-to-end latency in distributed ECU networks: formal modeling and precise estimation","authors":"A. Rajeev, S. Mohalik, Manoj G. Dixit, Devesh B. Chokshi, S. Ramesh","doi":"10.1145/1879021.1879039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1879021.1879039","url":null,"abstract":"Embedded control systems in automobiles are typically implemented by a set of tasks deployed on multiple Electronic Control Units (ECUs) communicating via one or more buses like CAN or FlexRay. In the case of safety-critical systems, there are hard real-time bounds on the (i) response times of tasks/messages, and (ii) end-to-end latencies of certain task/message chains. These depend on various factors like the number of tasks (and messages) involved in the processing (and communication) sequence, parameters of these tasks/messages, scheduling policies, communication protocols, clock drifts, etc. Moreover, since the data transfer among tasks/messages is typically via asynchronous buffers that are overwritable and sticky, multiple semantics are possible for end-to-end latency. Hence, precise estimation of response times and end-to-end latencies in embedded systems is a non-trivial problem.\u0000 In this paper, we propose a model-checking based technique to compute worst-case response times and end-to-end latencies. We consider a distributed system made of preemptively scheduled tasks and non-preemptively scheduled messages. Given a chain in the system, we estimate two different end-to-end latencies --LIFO and LILO-- which are important in automotive domain. From a system description, we automatically synthesize a formal model based on a discrete event simulation formalism called Calendar Automata. It is then model-checked to compute response times and end-to-end latencies. Our technique is more scalable than the existing formal methods based techniques. We have illustrated this technique on reasonably large case-studies from the automotive domain.","PeriodicalId":143573,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Embedded Software","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115395236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

Automatic verification of control system implementations 控制系统实现的自动验证

International Conference on Embedded Software Pub Date : 2010-10-24 DOI: 10.1145/1879021.1879024

Adolfo Anta Martinez, R. Majumdar, I. Saha, P. Tabuada

{"title":"Automatic verification of control system implementations","authors":"Adolfo Anta Martinez, R. Majumdar, I. Saha, P. Tabuada","doi":"10.1145/1879021.1879024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1879021.1879024","url":null,"abstract":"Software implementations of controllers for physical subsystems form the core of many modern safety-critical systems such as aircraft flight control and automotive engine control. A fundamental property of such implementations is stability, the guarantee that the physical plant converges to a desired behavior under the actions of the controller. We present a methodology and a tool to perform automated static analysis of embedded controller code for stability of the controlled physical system.\u0000 The design of controllers for physical systems provides not only the controllers but also mathematical proofs of their stability under idealized mathematical models. Unfortunately, since these models do not capture most of the implementation details, it is not always clear if the stability properties are retained by the software implementation, either because of software bugs, or because of imprecisions arising from fixed-precision arithmetic or timing.\u0000 Our methodology is based on the following separation of concerns. First, we analyze the controller mathematical models to derive bounds on the implementation errors that can be tolerated while still guaranteeing stability. Second, we automatically analyze the controller software to check if the maximal implementation error is within the tolerance bound computed in the first step.\u0000 We have implemented this methodology in Costan, a tool to check stability for controller implementations. Using Costan, we analyzed a set of control examples whose mathematical models are given in Matlab/Simulink and whose C implementation is generated using Real-Time Workshop. Unlike previous static analysis research, which has focused on proving low-level runtime properties such as absence of buffer overruns or arithmetic overflows, our technique combines analysis of the mathematical controller models and automated analysis of source code to guarantee application-level stability properties.","PeriodicalId":143573,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Embedded Software","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114707185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 66

From high-level component-based models to distributed implementations 从基于组件的高级模型到分布式实现

International Conference on Embedded Software Pub Date : 2010-10-24 DOI: 10.1145/1879021.1879049

Borzoo Bonakdarpour, M. Bozga, Mohamad Jaber, J. Quilbeuf, J. Sifakis

{"title":"From high-level component-based models to distributed implementations","authors":"Borzoo Bonakdarpour, M. Bozga, Mohamad Jaber, J. Quilbeuf, J. Sifakis","doi":"10.1145/1879021.1879049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1879021.1879049","url":null,"abstract":"Although distributed systems are widely used nowadays, their implementation and deployment is still a time-consuming, error-prone, and hardly predictive task. In this paper, we propose a methodology for producing automatically efficient and correct-by-construction distributed implementations by starting from a high-level model of the application software in BIP. BIP (Behavior, Interaction, Priority) is a component-based framework with formal semantics that rely on multi-party interactions for synchronizing components. Our methodology transforms arbitrary BIP models into Send/Receive BIP models, directly implementable on distributed execution platforms. The transformation consists of (1) breaking atomicity of actions in atomic components by replacing strong synchronizations with asynchronous Send/Receive interactions; (2) inserting several distributed controllers that coordinate execution of interactions according to a user-defined partition, and (3) augmenting the model with a distributed algorithm for handling conflicts between controllers preserving observational equivalence to the initial models. Currently, it is possible to generate from Send/Receive models stand-alone C++ implementations using either TCP sockets for conventional communication, or MPI implementation, for deployment on multi-core platforms. This method is fully implemented. We report concrete results obtained under different scenarios.","PeriodicalId":143573,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Embedded Software","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127342644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 60