International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Can Ondansetron be an Alternative to Cabergoline for Preventing Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome?","authors":"Sukru Bakirci, M. Kurdoğlu, A. Khaki","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"a serious iatrogenic complication of infertility treatments, characterized by an increased capillary permeability due to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulated secretion of vasoactive substances from the ovaries. In the development of OHSS, various agents including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been implicated (1). Increased vascular permeability resulting from vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) activation by VEGF is an important step in the development of OHSS (2). Although no specific treatment of OHSS exists, when it is administered prophylactically, cabergoline which acts as an antagonist for VEGF-VEGF2 receptor and agonist for dopamine receptor 2, reduces the risk and severity of OHSS without any adverse effect on the maturation of oocyte and fertilization (3, 4). A neurotransmitter, serotonin, is considered to have a role in the process of new blood vessel formation and in endothelial cell signaling. It has been reported to have some effects similar to those of VEGF (5). A selective antagonist for serotonin 5-HT3 receptor, ondansetron which is widely used to treat nausea and vomiting, showed a similar efficacy to cabergoline in preventing OHSS in an experimental rat study from our clinic, recently (6). Based on this experimental finding, further clinical studies comparing the results of ondansetron with those of cabergoline to prevent OHSS are warranted, and it would be interesting to see whether ondansetron might be used as an alternative to cabergoline.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76814838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic Cystectomy of Endometrioma Outcomes on Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels as Predictors of the Ovarian Reserve","authors":"Ruswana Anwar, Agnes Wijaya, David Halim, K. Mantilidewi, Saskia Medinawati Soraya, T. Djuwantono, W. Permadi, B. Handono, S. Krisnadi, Jusuf Effendi, D. Nataprawira","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2023.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2023.07","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of a laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian reserve assessed by measuring the levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Materials and Methods: This prospective, analytical study measured the changes of basal FSH and AMH in endometrioma patients undergoing laparoscopic cystectomy in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital from June to August 2016. An informed written consent was obtained from all patients prior to the study. Their FSH and AMH serum levels were examined one month before and after the surgery. Results: A total of 31 patients were included in the study and divided into two groups based on two age ranges of 20-35 years (n=16) and 36-42 years (n=15). It was found that the FSH serum levels increased whereas the AMH serum levels decreased in both groups after laparoscopic cystectomy (P<0.001). Conclusions: Laparoscopic cystectomy of patients with reduced endometrioma ovarian reserve was characterized by elevation of FSH serum levels and reduction of AMH serum levels.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85686109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Mammogram for Breast Cancer Screening in Women With Dense Breast Tissue","authors":"Neda Shamsalizadeh, A. Khaki","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2023.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2023.01","url":null,"abstract":"among women in the United States (1). Women at a younger age are more likely to have an aggressive case with a poorer prognosis. In the US, about 33,000 women younger than 45 years old are diagnosed with breast cancer annually. Among this age group, breast cancer is the leading cause for cancer-related deaths. It is predicted that around one in eight women will get breast cancer (2). Women younger than 45 years old account for approximately nine percent of all new cases of breast cancer in the US. In addition, dense breast tissue is more prevalent in younger women. Unlike fatty breast tissue, dense breast tissue absorbs more radiation during mammograms (3,4). Therefore, the accuracy and the diagnostic value of mammograms decrease for breast cancer detection among women with dense breast tissue (3). Dense breast tissue increases the risk for developing breast cancer by 4.7 times (1). Studies showed ultrasound (US) increases the breast cancer detection among women with dense breast tissue (1,5). In women with dense tissue adding US testing increased detection sensitivity as compared to only Mammogram screening (6). Regardless of breast type, density, and history, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the highest, and mammography has the lowest sensitivity for breast cancer detection (7). The predicted total cost of metastatic breast cancer will be US$ 152.4 in 2030 (8). The cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening with MRI among younger women with dense breast tissue is controversial. A false negative mammogram leads to a failure in finding breast cancer advancement early enough to prevent incurable stages and therefore a premature death (9). In addition, false positive mammograms can cause anxiety and additional costs for women with no breast cancer (9). A quality-assured mammographic screening program showed about two-thirds of women with breast cancer at the time of screening will remain underdiagnosed or the cancer will not be detected early enough so it progresses to metastatic cancer (9,10). Although only women with breast cancer can benefit from mammogram screenings, many of these women remain Diagnostic Value of Mammogram for Breast Cancer Screening in Women With Dense Breast Tissue","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90678870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence Does Not Guarantee the Outcome of Iron Supplementation for Reproductive-Age Women With Anemia in West Papua Province, Indonesia: A Quasi-experimental Study","authors":"Yasinta Rakanita, R. Sinuraya, S. Alfian, Eka W. Suradji, A. Suwantika, M. Syamsunarno, R. Abdulah","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2023.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2023.02","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Monitoring iron supplementation effectiveness in the affected populations is important in assuring its success. The research objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of iron supplementation and its related factors in increasing the hemoglobin levels of women with anemia that reside in the area of Teluk Bintuni Regency in West Papua Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed to determine the changes in hemoglobin levels and the adherence between two supplementation groups (before and after supplementation). From the initial screening of hemoglobin levels of 875 reproductive-age women, 110 women with moderate and severe anemia were enrolled for a month-long iron supplementation therapy. This study was conducted from September 2018 until November 2019 at Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua, Indonesia. The changes in hemoglobin levels were measured after 30 days of iron supplementation. The associated factors, including participants’ characteristics, chronic energy deficiency (CED) levels, adherence to supplementation programs, and knowledge of anemia, were also assessed. The adherence level to the supplementation was measured using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) questionnaires and the pill counting method. Results: The mean hemoglobin level significantly increased from 9.12±1.70 before supplementation to 10.15±1.65 after 30 days (P<0.001). Interestingly, results from the MARS questionnaires and pill counting method suggested that only 76% and 66% of participants adhered to the supplementation program, respectively. Further univariate analysis showed that adherence, ethnicity, and type of supplementation were factors that may influence the success of the iron supplementation therapy. Conclusions: Based on this study findings, it can be concluded that anemia is related to various factors, and its implementation should be carefully monitored, not solely depending on individual adherence.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88138402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Strategy of Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Beta-Thalassemia (c.17A>T Mutation)-Hb E Disease Using Multiplex Fluorescent PCR and Mini-Sequencing","authors":"Worashorn Lattiwongsakorn, Natpat Jansaka, S. Piyamongkol, T. Pantasri, T. Tongsong, Wanwisa Suriya, W. Piyamongkol","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Hemoglobin E disease, c.26G>A variant of beta-globin gene, is the most common hemoglobinopathy in Asia. Compound heterozygotes inheriting Hb E disease and beta-thalassemia generate beta-thalassemia-Hb E disease with severe anemia. This study aimed to develop a pre-implantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) protocol for beta–thalassemia (c.17A>T mutation)-Hb E disease (c.26G>A mutation) using multiplex fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mini-sequencing. Materials and Methods: bthalw1 primers were used to amplify a beta-globin gene fragment covering both mutations, i.e. beta– thalassemia (c.17A>T) and Hb E disease. D21S11 microsatellite marker was included for contamination detection. Novel mini-sequencing primers were designed and tested for detection of both mutations. Results: Pre-clinical work up of the optimized PGT-M protocol using 20 single buccal cells of a heterozygous subject showed 100% amplification efficiency and 0% allele drop out (ADO) rate for both primers. In clinical PGT-M cycle, 15 embryos were subjected to biopsy. The results showed two normal, one heterozygous for beta-thalassemia, six heterozygous for Hb E disease, one affected for beta-thalassemia-Hb E disease and five with ambiguous results. Two normally diagnosed embryos were chosen for transfer, one singleton pregnancy was obtained. A healthy baby boy was resulted. Postnatal testing confirmed PGT results. Conclusions: Novel PGT-M protocols for beta-thalassemia-Hb E disease using multiplex fluorescent PCR and mini-sequencing were developed and described here. The protocol was applied in a clinical PGT-M cycle and gave rise to one successful pregnancy and consequently a healthy baby boy. Mini-sequencing was proved to be rapid, accurate and cost-effective protocol for PGT-M.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89877690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Fear of Childbirth and its Effective Factors in Pregnant Women in Babol, Iran (2019- 2020): A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"S. Barat, B. Kordinejad, M. Faramarzi, S. Khafri, Z. Bouzari, E. Ebrahim","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Fear of childbirth may be associated with increased anxiety, cesarean section, and delayed delivery. The study aimed to screen for fear of childbirth and the factors affecting it in pregnant women from 2019 to 2020 in Babol, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 600 pregnant women with gestation age > 20 weeks referred to antenatal care clinics of Ayatollah Rouhani, Shahid Yahya Nejad Hospital, four health centers, and three private offices of obstetricians in Babol, Iran from 2019 to 2020 were surveyed using the Wijma Fear of Childbirth Questionnaire. Considering the cut-off point of 85, women with severe fear of childbirth were identified. Results: The fear of childbirth prevalence in pregnant women in this study was 29.2% (175/600). Fear of childbirth in women with postgraduate education was 3.27 times higher than in women with undergraduate education (P<0.001). Pregnancy fears were 0.42 times higher in pregnant women with self-employed spouses than in employee spouses (P<0.001). Also, women with a history of infertility were 2.73 times more likely to fear childbirth than women without a history of infertility (P=0.01). Women with a history of psychiatric disorders were 6.86 times more afraid of childbirth than women without a history of psychiatric disorders (P=0.02). Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence of fear of childbirth in pregnant women in Babol, Iran, the need for particular psychological interventions to reduce the fear of childbirth and identify risk factors is suggested.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89432965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 Menstrual Symptom Disorders Relating to Anxiety and Long COVID-19 Symptoms","authors":"B. Akıncı, D. K. Dayican, Eyüp Günay, Nilgün Coşar, Hakan Y. Ötün, Rumeysa Kılınç, İnci Kurban, Kübra Punar, Elif Karagülle, Semiha Açıkalın, Serhat Başçi","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2022.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2022.32","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can affect the menstrual cycle and menstrual flow. To examine changes in menstrual symptoms of women recovering from COVID-19 and to identify factors that influence these changes. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire, prepared using Google Forms, was completed by 180 women (26.08±6.62 years) recovered from COVID-19. The menstrual symptoms, menstrual pain, fatigue severity and anxiety level of the participants were evaluated respectively with the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ), visual analogue scale (VAS), fatigue severity scale (FSS), and coronavirus anxiety scale (CAS). Results: Post-COVID-19 individuals’ MSQ totals, subgroup scores, FSS scores and menstrual pain levels showed significant increase compared to pre-COVID-19. Regression analysis identified that age at menarche, changes in FSS and VAS scores as contributors to 38.4% of the variance explained in the significant regression for change in MSQ score. Individuals with prolonged fatigue, muscle– joint pain and dyspnea symptoms showed increase in MSQ total scores (P=0.006, P=0.009, P=0.046 respectively) and MSQ negative effects/somatic complaints scores (P=0.004, P=0.002, P=0.017 respectively). Individuals with prolonged gastrointestinal symptoms showed increase in MSQ pain symptoms (P=0.029) and MSQ coping methods scores (P=0.002), while those with prolonged muscle and joint pain showed increase in MSQ coping methods (P=0.022) scores. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that menstrual symptoms, fatigue, and menstrual pain severity are deteriorated in women recovered from COVID-19. Age at menarche, changes in fatigue and menstrual pain after COVID-19 were determiners of the deteriorated menstrual symptoms. Menstrual symptoms were more severe in those who have prolonged fatigue, dyspnea, muscle– joint pain and gastrointestinal symptoms.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82974010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women’s Reproductive Health Literacy: A Qualitative Study","authors":"R. Bakht, M. Dolatian, S. Hajian, Ali Montazeri, H. Alavi Majd, E. Zare","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2023.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2023.04","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Considering the importance of reproductive health and the major role of health literacy in health promotion, this study was conducted to explore the concepts and dimensions of women’s reproductive health literacy. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with 13 married women of reproductive age residing in Tehran, Iran, and 9 Ph.D.-educated health professionals. Results: 4 themes emerged: 1) knowledge about sexual and reproductive health consisted of knowledge about physical and mental aspects of reproductive health, especially in pregnancy and sexual matters, 2) obtaining and understanding information about reproductive health, including the ability to obtain information, acquiring information, and understanding information from different sources, 3) evaluating the information about reproductive health (by assessing the validity of information sources, consulting informed people about information accuracy, and concluding from the information), and 4) using the information to improve reproductive health behaviors: by making informed decisions, general health self-care behaviors, having desirable sex by talking about their needs and desires and trying to solve sexual issues. Conclusions: Reproductive health literacy, from the view of the participants, consisted of having knowledge and obtaining an understanding of correct information about reproductive health and using them as behaviors that lead to the promotion of reproductive health. Therefore, the attention of health policymakers and stakeholders to these concepts and dimensions can increase the reproductive health literacy of women in society through effective planning and strategies.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79587397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparison the Impact of Flare-up GnRH Agonist with Delayed-Start GnRH Antagonist Protocols on the IVF Outcome of Poor Responder Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Shirzad Hosseinishenatal, F. Amidi, M. Parsanezhad, S. Rostami, Mojtaba Eslami, A. Sobhani","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2022.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2022.34","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The current research was established to make a comparison between the delayed-start GnRH antagonist and flare-up GnRH agonist protocols in poor response patients. Methods: The present study is a randomized, prospective, controlled trial that was performed on 150 women who referred to two distinct in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers in Iran. Patients were randomly assigned to two experimental groups, as one group was treated with the delayed-start GnRH antagonist protocol (delayed-start group), while another group was treated with the flare-up protocol (flare-up group). Results: The serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone, along with the thickness of endometrial tissue and the number of follicles ≥13 mm was significantly increased in the delayed-start group compared with the flare-up group. Also, the number of total oocytes, retrieved mature oocytes, total embryos, fertilized oocytes, as well as the quality of embryos were markedly higher in the delayed-start group when compared with the flare-up group. No statistically significant difference was found in the rates of fertilization, implantation, and pregnancy between the two experimental groups. Conclusions: According to the above evidence, it seems that the effect of delayed-start protocol on ovarian responsiveness was more pronounced during controlled ovarian stimulation in comparison with the flare-up protocol and the delayed start protocol probably lead to better implantation and pregnancy rates in comparison with the flare up agonist protocol cycle in poor responders.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82432861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cesarean Section Can Be Related With Postpartum Depression: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Rana Dousti, S. Hakimi, H. Pourfathi, Roghaiyeh Nourizadeh, N. Sattarzadeh","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2022.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2022.37","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Depression is highly prevalent during pregnancy and after childbirth, and many factors, including the type of delivery, can contribute to developing this condition. Considering the increased use of remifentanil in painless labor and the need for conducting more studies on the consequences of this method this study aimed to determine the mean score of postpartum depression in women giving birth by either remifentanil-induced painless delivery or elective cesarean section. Materials and Methods: The present study was a longitudinal investigation conducted on140 women referred to private hospitals, Tabriz, Iran, between 2020 and 2021 in two groups: women with elective cesarean delivery and women with vaginal delivery with remifentanil analgesia (n=70/each). Depression during pregnancy was assessed at 35-37th weeks’ gestation, and postpartum depression was determined four weeks after childbirth using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Independent t test and paired t test were used to compare depression scores. Results: Postpartum depression was significantly higher in women who had undergone a cesarean section than in those giving birth by remifentanil-induced painless vaginal delivery (P = 0.009). Conclusions: The prevalence of postpartum depression was higher in women who underwent elective cesarean section than women who underwent painless vaginal delivery with remifentanil. Considering the steady rise in worldwide cesarean section rate and the health burden and consequences of postpartum depression on mothers and children, health legislators should take measures to reduce women’s tendency towards the cesarean section in the long run.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87636096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}