Local Economic and Employment Development最新文献

{"title":"Conclusions and Policy Recommendations","authors":"Johanna Möhring","doi":"10.1787/9789264007116-10-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264007116-10-EN","url":null,"abstract":"The catchwords to describe the phenomenon of firm agglomeration and its associated benefits, be it local productive systems, industrial districts, regional or enterprise clusters, have only recently entered policy dialogue in Central and Eastern European countries. However, clusters have caught the imagination of both policy makers and entrepreneurs alike as instruments to promote higher productivity and competitiveness, boost innovation, strengthen SMEs and favour a more equal regional economic development. Increasingly, clusters are used as components of policy focused on achieving many economic and social goals. Policy makers, economic development practitioners and entrepreneurs from Central and Eastern Europe are looking for ways to share their individual experiences with countries around the world and exchange views on similarities and differences with the aim of identifying good cluster policy practice.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120872077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Decentralisation and New Forms of Governance","authors":"S. Giguère","doi":"10.1787/9789264104716-2-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264104716-2-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Today, governments devote significant efforts to improve local governance. Local governance, or the ways society finds solutions to its problems and meets its needs, can also be defined using its three main components following OECD 2001a): co-ordination of policies, adaptation of policies to local conditions and participation of civil society and business in the orientation of measures.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121349749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"France: Bridging Regional Training and Local Employment","authors":"X. Greffe","doi":"10.1787/9789264043282-6-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264043282-6-EN","url":null,"abstract":"In France, as in many other countries, devolution of labour market policy and training has been a continuous trend. During the past 20 years, statutory decisions and financing regulations intervened to give greater weight to the interventions of regional and local actors and to increase their level of responsibility in training and employment. But the French experience differs from that in other countries on a very specific point: the devolution of training policies there did not coincide with devolution of employment and labour market policies. The levels of responsibility do not correspond, since the former was organised on a regional level and the latter on a departmental or municipal level. The advantage of these differences is that the regional perspective widens the local prospects so as not to define in too narrow a way the needs for training of the workers – thus supporting their chances of later adaptation and mobility. Disadvantages include a top-heavy administration with overlapping and rather high organisational costs.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127095744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Framework for Labour Market Policy in a Global Economy","authors":"S. Giguère, F. Froy","doi":"10.1787/9789264059528-3-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264059528-3-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Labour market policy is playing an ever important role in helping local economies to return to prosperity and build living standards in a global knowledge based economy. It is increasingly vital to help individuals to fulfil their potential in the labour market and to acquire the skills they need at various stages of their lifetime and in function of new economic opportunities that present themselves. And the demand for skills will need to be enhanced by helping enterprises to raise their productivity. These complex tasks require intensive action at the local level, in partnership with increasingly mobile enterprises and workers. On the ground, a range of government policies need to be co-ordinated and adapted to local conditions – above all, governments need to inject flexibility in the management of policies.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133902550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Third Sector Programmes","authors":"A. Westall","doi":"10.1787/9789264017092-14-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264017092-14-EN","url":null,"abstract":"The third-sector is a crucial element of strategies for local economic development. Not only do the activities of third-sector organisations often contribute to a range of positive regeneration impacts, but they are also increasingly seen to be important players in economic development partnerships and in the delivery of local public services. third-sector organisations argue for a particular set of \"added value\" impacts such as social capital and community...","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"32 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132836860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tackling the Problem of Inadequate Financing for Local Development: The Case of Croatia","authors":"Dubravka Jurlina Alibegović","doi":"10.1787/9789264038523-14-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264038523-14-EN","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the role of local level of government in financing local development projects in Croatia. The first section gives a general background for analysis of those issues. In order to achieve this, the present model of financing of the local self-government units ; basic composition of local government revenues and expenditures and an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of local governments’ system of finances will be presented. The second part of the paper consists of a detailed explanation of potential sources for financing local development projects. The sources are the following: local budget ; local borrowing for capital purposes through loans from financial institutions and other credit institutions or through capital market (issuing of securities and municipal bonds) ; public-private partnerships ; external support and aid ; extrabudgetary resources ; transfers from the state budget for the implementation of sate policy to promote local development and national and regional programs and projects and other sources. The third part of the paper gives explanations of limitations at local level of government in financing local development projects. There are several factors that are recognized as major obstacles to local development financing. Most local authorities are unprepared or unable to take on increased responsibilities for fund raising for economic development. In order to borrow responsibily, municipalities and cities must have the skills and information to budget for the current year and future years ; the ability to understand the impact of borrowing for infrastructure both annual debt service and annual operational and maintenance expenditures ; and ability to identify, prioritize and plan capital investment. Municipalities and cities must be able to identify and analyze technical and financial options and show investors that they have adequate and reliable revenues to meet their debt service obligations. One major problem is a lack of investment capital. The problem is structure of expenditures in local government budgets. The last section summarizes our analysis and offers several recommendations that will lead to improvement of financing local development.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116495348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entrepreneurship and Higher Education: Future Policy Directions","authors":"J. Potter","doi":"10.1787/9789264044104-16-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264044104-16-EN","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter sets out some key conclusions and recommendations on fostering entrepreneurship for governments, development agencies and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The introduction draws out some major messages. Discussion then turns to the case for broadening HEI missions to incorporate entrepreneurship promotion and the rationale and role for policy intervention. The next section highlights the main approaches that leading HEIs are taking to promote entrepreneurship and the challenges in developing these approaches. Finally, a number of detailed recommendations are made.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132742786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routes into Employment for Refugees: A Review of Local Approaches in London","authors":"A. Green","doi":"10.1787/9789264028968-7-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264028968-7-EN","url":null,"abstract":"London is one of the world’s global cities and is the engine of the UK migration system. A wide variety of initiatives exist to support the integration of immigrants into the labour market, including those targeted towards refugees. At the local level, refugees are often helped by immigrant associations and community organisations that are felt to offer a supportive environment for new arrivals. In partnership with the public sector, such organisations have developed innovative education and training initiatives including projects to support the recognition of qualifications gained overseas. However the piecemeal development of such support over a number of years has led to a relatively fragmented system, which is reliant on relatively short term and unpredictable funding. In this context partnerships and networks play a crucial role in supporting both coordination and sustainability in support to refugees in the city.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123834425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Decentralisation and Flexibility of Active Labour Market Policy on Country-Level Employment Rates","authors":"R. Eberts, S. Giguère","doi":"10.1787/9789264059528-5-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264059528-5-EN","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the relationship between flexibility in the management of labour market policy and employment outcomes. The flexibility index is related statistically to factors affecting employment rates at the country level and to employment rates directly. Directly and indirectly relating the flexibility index to employment rates provides insight into the various paths that flexibility may take in affecting labour market outcomes. The econometric analysis suggests that sub-regional flexibility is positively and statistically significantly related to employment rates in the countries surveyed. One explanation is that sub-regional flexibility leads to more responsive and customised active labour market programmes, which in turn direct more training resources to those who need it, resulting in a positive effect on employment rates.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123882765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Commentary on the Workshop \"Evaluating Territorial Employment Pacts\"","authors":"H. Mosley","doi":"10.1787/9789264017092-17-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264017092-17-EN","url":null,"abstract":"\"Territorial Employment Pacts\" (TEPs) are encompassing, area-based networks for the co-ordination and implementation of employment and economic development policies in integrated projects. In both Austria and Italy this approach was first introduced as an EU pilot program and subsequently continued, in somewhat modified form, as an element of...","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124540171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}