{"title":"Entrepreneurship Advice, Training and Mentoring for Urban Renewal: Perspectives from the United Kingdom and Europe","authors":"D. Grayson","doi":"10.1787/9789264017320-6-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264017320-6-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Effective training, advice and mentoring programmes are needed to develop entrepreneurial attributes amongst inner city residents together with specific functional competencies like financial management or market research. Various initiatives are described, including promotion of enterprise as a viable option, use of role models, sensitive outreach...","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126872500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Supportive Financing Framework for Social Economy Organisations","authors":"Katerina Hadzi-Miceva, Nilda Bullain","doi":"10.1787/9789264039889-9-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264039889-9-EN","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, social economy organisations have assumed an important position in Central and Eastern European. They have strengthened their role of representing citizens’ interests and have been providing a myriad of activities to address the different needs of various groups in society. Governments and social economy organisations have worked together to develop laws that guide their establishment and operation. However, the laws that should enable social economy organisations to draw from different resources to implement their activities and support their sustainability remain a challenge. This chapter provides a comparative overview of the legal issues that require consideration in developing strategic policies for supporting the sustainability of social economy organisations. It discusses issues such as: the legal framework for the establishment and governance of social economy organisations; the extent to which publicly beneficial organisations are distinguished and supported; and, the effect of different resources on the viability of social economy organisations. The innovative approaches adopted by different countries to address the challenges in government funding are also explored. By analysing these issues the chapter aims to underscore the important role of the policy and legal environments for the viability of social economy organisations. It also emphasises the need to enable social economy organisations to use a diverse range of resources to support their activities and to allow them to undertake them in a creative and sustainable manner.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129131477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Japan: Rural Areas' Need for Local Employment Strategies","authors":"Y. Higuchi","doi":"10.1787/9789264043282-10-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264043282-10-EN","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, fiscal measures for expanding public works have played an important role in creating jobs in rural areas. However, as financial conditions have deteriorated, there is less room for increasing regional employment through macroeconomic policies such as greater fiscal spending. Meanwhile, economic globalisation and changes in labour supply are widening divergences among regions. Regional communities therefore have all the more need to take the initiative in implementing employment strategies for creating jobs, developing employability and avoiding skills mismatch. This has implications for the distribution of fiscal resources as well for the technical and strategic capacities at local level.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133653397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The University-centric High-tech Cluster of Madison, United States","authors":"M. Kenney, A. Nelson, D. Patton","doi":"10.1787/9789264044326-9-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264044326-9-EN","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter shows the central role played by the university in promoting economic development, innovation and knowledge across the region. The initiatives of the national and regional governments to spread the outcomes of the university to the regional economy are well illustrated in this chapter. The case of Madison, Wisconsin, also illustrates the various efforts made by the university to encourage commercialisation, licensing and technology transfer from the university to industry. With the support of related bodies such as the alumni association, the faculties and the technology transfer bureau, the University of Wisconsin Madison shows that universities can also play an important role in linking innovations to venture capitalists and industry, in stimulating the creation of spin-offs, and in facilitating the identification of the market for new products.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133398215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Biotechnology Cluster of Vienna, Austria","authors":"Franz Tödtling, Michaela Trippl","doi":"10.1787/9789264044326-6-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264044326-6-EN","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the development of the Vienna biotechnology cluster and the role of policy actions in its evolution. This contribution challenges the prevailing view that the development of high-technology industries is always a spontaneous phenomenon. It will be argued that in the case of regions such as Vienna which have weak potentials for high-technology industries, the development of biotechnology clusters can be promoted with proactive policy efforts to create a favourable environment for high-technology activities. Furthermore, it will be shown that, besides the leading role played by large firms, well co-ordinated policy approaches between the national and regional level are important for developing a biotechnology industry in a region.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127972116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Enterprises, Institutional Capacity and Social Inclusion","authors":"Vanna Gonzales","doi":"10.1787/9789264039889-6-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264039889-6-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Over the course of the last decade social enterprises have come to play a key role in the management and delivery of social and labour market services in Europe. While much research has been devoted to documenting the rise of these institutions, their implications for contemporary debates about social inclusion remain elusive. In the first half of the chapter a framework which connects the unique institutional capacity of social enterprises as hybrid organisations to a growing concern for the welfare and well-being of marginalised service recipients is developed. More specifically, the model links two key dimensions of performance – social production and social mobilisation – to two forms of empowerment critical to the fight against social exclusion: consumer empowerment and civic empowerment. In the second half of the chapter this model is applied to an empirical analysis of Italian social co-operatives in two regions in northern Italy, Lombardia and Emilia Romagna. Based on the empirical findings, the key factors influencing social co-operatives’ ability to empower users is considered and, in light of relatively poor performance overall, potential means of improving their empowerment capacity in the future are suggested.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121238573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Trade-off between Flexibility and Accountability in Labour Market Policy","authors":"H. Mosley","doi":"10.1787/9789264059528-6-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264059528-6-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Labour market policy is in most countries a national priority that requires national co-ordination. Its perceived importance and the financial volume of expenditure for labour market policy place limits on the degree of flexibility for regional or local actors that is politically acceptable. Moreover, potential conflicts of interest between local and national employment service actors are an important justification for centralised rules and regulations in labour market policy. Decentralised systems frequently face problems in performance accountability due in particular to the number of organisations involved and the lack of standardisation in labour market and performance data available.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115188013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction. Integrating Immigrants: Finding the Right Policy Mix to Tackle a Governance Problem","authors":"S. Giguère","doi":"10.1787/9789264028968-3-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264028968-3-EN","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of integrating migrants, their families and their descendants can be assimilated to two governance issues. There is a clear mismatch between immigration and integration policies in many countries, with policies to manage immigration rarely being accompanied by strong policies to support integration. Secondly, integrating immigrants is a multifaceted issue which cuts across policy areas, creating a collective action problem and a lack of effective public sector action. While local stakeholders such as NGOs can attempt to fill the gaps in public services, this often leads to increased fragmentation at the local level. In order to better tackle the barriers facing immigrants, it may ultimately be more important to increase flexibility in the management of mainstream policies relating to the issue of labour market integration (namely training and education, labour market policy and economic development) rather than create new initiatives and partnerships locally.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114874473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Local strategies for developing workforce skills","authors":"F. Froy","doi":"10.1787/9789264066649-2-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264066649-2-EN","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s knowledge-based economy, human resources and skills are crucial to long-term growth, prosperity and social inclusion at the local level. A review of practice in OECD countries shows that local stakeholders realise that it is no longer enough just to invest in the formal education and training system, and are turning towards a more diverse range of strategies to increase the supply of skills in their locality. This chapter reviews such strategies in many different parts of the world including Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Malaysia, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The focus is in particular on actions to better attract and retain talent, integrate disadvantaged groups into the labour force, and upskill current workers. The chapter concludes by identifying the obstacles to a truly joined-up approach to skills at the local level, and ways to overcome these.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125460461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Evaluation of Programs aimed at Local and Regional Development: Methodology and Twenty Years of Experience using REMI Policy Insight","authors":"F. Treyz, G. Treyz","doi":"10.1787/9789264017092-7-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264017092-7-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Policy makers need to evaluate the total effect of local and regional programs in order to make informed decisions. Development proposals have economic, social, and demographic implications that go well beyond their direct effects. To understand these effects, analysts need to use a comprehensive economic forecasting and simulation model. Local and...","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121994870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}