International Journal of Plant & Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) Fertilization for Improving the Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Biochemical Constituents in Capsicum Hybrids","authors":"P. Behera, T. Chitdeshwari, P. Malarvizhi, U. Sivakumar, P. I. Vethamoni","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430774","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrients, particularly Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn), play a vital role in the growth and development of plants due to their catalytic effect on many metabolic processes. However, the biochemical responses to the applied micronutrients vary with cultivars and their species. A screening experiment was conducted during 2020 to know the antioxidants enzyme activities and biochemical constituents in response to iron and zinc fertilization by six capsicum hybrids grown in grow bags under shade net conditions. The experiment consists of three treatments viz., Control (No Fe & Zn), 50 kg FeSO4 and 37.5 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 as a basal soil application with six capsicum hybrids viz., Indra, Priyanka, Inspiration, Massilia, Bachata, and Local green. Leaf samples of the capsicum hybrids were collected at Fruiting stage and analysed for antioxidant enzyme activities. The fruit samples were used for quantifying the biochemical constituents. The results revealed that, application of ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) to capsicum hybrids increased the biochemical constituents in fruits and the antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves. Out of the six hybrids tested, Indra possessed higher ascorbic acid content (9.20 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight), acidity (6.0), and total soluble solids (6.10 Brix) in the fruits, which was followed by Inspiration and Bachata. The superoxide dismutase (6.70 unit’s mg-1 protein) and peroxidase (6.90 unit’s g-1 fresh weight) activities were also higher with the same genotypes. The biochemical constituents and antioxidant  enzyme  response to Zn addition was better than Fe.  There was 13.2, 10.9 and 9.5 per cent increase in titratable acidity, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content in the fruits of Indra due to ZnSO4 application.The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering revealed that Indra is highly responsive to Zn and Fe fertilization, while the local green showed very less response. The rest of the genotypes such as Inspiration, Bachata, Massilia, and Priyanka, are medium responsive for Zn and Fe fertilization.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80596764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Boron and Zinc on the Growth and Yield Parameters of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Nalanda District","authors":"U. Umesh, K. Rani, J. Sinha","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430775","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was carried out to overcome the poor growth and yield of tomato due to imbalance use of fertilizer and micronutrient deficiency. The objective to conduct this experiment was soil application of micronutrients alongwith nitrogen, phosphorus and potash for growth and yield enhancement. The maximum 90.39 cm plant height,the heighest 14.38 number of branches,the maximum 29.50 number of fruits per plant, heighest fruir weight per plant 2.46 kg per plant with yield of 518.25 quintal per heactare in case of technology option three application of 120.80.80 kg N:P:K ha-1 alongwith 10kg zinc and 1 kg boron per hectare as basal dose in comparision to other treatments. The lowest 80.45 cm plant height, least number of branches per plant 8.13,lesser number of fruit per plant 24.13, least fruit weight 2.18 kgper plant with minimum yield of 450.50 quintal per hectare was recorded in control.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83067308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Levels of Irrigation on Yield and Yield Attributes of Winter Marigold Crop (Tagetes erecta L.)","authors":"J. Raj, J. Sinha","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430777","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture has been indispensable for the subsistence of the people of India in general and farmers in particular. It has naturally been the cornerstone of the Indian economy since time immemorial and agriculture has played a major role in the country's economy since its inception. The research work was done to study the effect of irrigation levels on the yield and growth of winter marigolds. Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) had been taken twice the winter season of 2019-20 and 2020-21. The average flower yield (t/ha) was recorded under the treatment I1 (12.03 t/ha) was found maximum and it was followed by I2 (10.51 t/ha), I3 (9.73 t/ha). The consumptive water use (CWU) was found maximum (26.62 cm) in 100% of ETc and the lowest CWU was found (21.03 cm) in 80% of ETc through a drip system of irrigation in the cropping year 2020-21. Similarly, in 2019-20 CWU was found maximum (18.02 cm) in 100% of ETc, while the lowest CWU was found (14.42 cm) in 80% of ETc. The water use efficiency was found highest in I3 (0.77 t/ha/cm) and minimum WUE was found in I2 (0.525 t/ha/cm) in the cropping year 2019-20. For 2020-21, a maximum WUE was recorded in I2 (0.497 t/ha/cm) and the minimum WUE in I3 (0.335 t/ha/cm).","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74300205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Approaches of Nutrient Application on Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Nutrient use Efficiency and Economics of Carrot","authors":"N. Bhavya, P. Basavaraja, H. M. Saqeebulla, G. Gangamrutha","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430765","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2017 at Devanahalli village, Bengaluru rural district of Karnataka to evaluate the effect of different approaches of nutrient application on yield,  nutrient uptake and use efficiency by carrot (Daucus carota L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design replicated thrice with eight treatments comprisingT1 (STCR target 20 tha-1  through inorganics), T2 (STCR target 20 tha-1  through integrated), T3 (STCR target 25 tha-1  through inorganics), T4 (STCR target 25 tha-1  through integrated), T5 (RDF (75: 63: 50) N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1+ FYM), T6 (LMH /STL + FYM), T7 (Farmers practice (92.6:159:0) N, P2O5 kg ha-1 + FYM), T8 (Absolute control).Results revealed that significantly higher root (27.51 t ha-1)  and shoot (16.48 t ha-1) yield were recorded in STCR target of 25 t ha-1 through   integrated approach. Similarly, higher total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium  (297.07 kg, 57.48 kg and 253.81 kg ha-1, respectively) by carrot and the higher apparent recovery   efficiency (0.35, 0.08 and 0.58 kg kg-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively) and agronomic nutrient use efficiency (26.10, 12.37 and 48.25 kg kg-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively) were recorded in the same STCR target of 25 t ha-1 through integrated approach. However, the better profit was recorded (value cost ratio: 43.30) in STCR target of 25 t ha-1 through inorganics. The STCR target of 25 t ha-1 through integrated approach had the most positive effect for the carrot cultivation.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81687667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Pre and Post Emergence Herbicides Application on Economics of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)","authors":"S. Mehetre, P. Pawar, R. Pawar, M. Gurav","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430766","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted during kharif 2020 at Post Graduate Research Farm, Agronomy Section, College of Agriculture, Dhule to study the effect of pre and post emergent herbicides application on economics of pearl millet production. Experiment consisted of nine treatments namely weedy check (T1), weed free (T2), atrazine @ 500 g/ha PoE (T3), 2,4-D (Dimethyl amine) @ 500 g/ha at 25-30 DAS PoE (T4), 2,4-D (Na Salt) @ 500 g/ha at 25-30 DAS PoE (T5), atrazine @ 500 g/ha PE fb 2,4-D (Dimethyl amine) @ 500 g/ha at 25-30 DAS PoE (T6), atrazine @ 500 g/ha PE fb 2,4-D (Na Salt) @ 500 g/ha at 25-30 DAS PoE (T7), pendimethalin 750 g/ha PE fb 2,4-D (Dimethyl amine) @ 500 g/ha at 25-30 DAS PoE (T8), pendimethalin 750 g/ha PE fb 2,4-D (Na Salt) @ 500 g/ha at 25-30 DAS PoE (T9) laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Among the herbicidal treatments, grain yield (kg/ha) and straw yield (kg/ha) was observed better with application of pendimethalin @ 750 g/ha PE fb 2,4-D (Na Salt) @ 500 g/ha at 25-30 DAS PoE (T9). Among the chemical weed management treatments, application of pendimethalin @ 750 g/ha PE fb 2,4-D (Na Salt) @ 500 g/ha at 25-30 DAS PoE (T9) observed higher gross and net monetary returns (₹/ha). However, the gross and net monetary returns (₹/ha) were maximum under weed free treatment but lower B:C ratio as compared to sequential application of pendimethalin @ 750 g/ha PE fb 2,4-D (Na Salt) @ 500 g/ha at 25-30 DAS PoE (T9) and pendimethalin @ 750 g/ha PE fb 2,4-D (Dimethyl amine) @ 500 g/ha at 25-30 DAS PoE (T8) due to higher cost for labour weeding.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76179224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Zinc Fortification on Quality, Yield and Economics of Sweetcorn","authors":"Monika Peddapuli, B. Venkateswarlu, V. Gowthami","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430763","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was performed at Agricultural College, Bapatla, ANGRAU, Guntur during kharif season of 2020 to evaluate the efficacy of zinc nutrition on quality, yield and economics of sweetcorn. Experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design and comprising of nine treatments with three replications. The results disclosed that application of recommended dose of fertilizers along with soil application of 10 kg ha-1 Zn EDTA + two foliar sprays of nano zinc @ 250 ppm at 20 & 40 DAS registered remarkably higher protein content (12.98%) and zinc content (34.59 ppm) in kernel which was considered to be superior over the remaining zinc management practices tried. Also, highest green cob (12,638 kg ha-1), green fodder (19,674 kg ha-1), stover yield (7,590 kg ha-1) and gross returns (₹ 1,93,360 ha-1) was recorded from the treatment with soil application of Zn EDTA @ 10 kg ha-1 + two foliar sprays of nano zinc @ 250 ppm at 20 & 40 DAS along with RDF over control. However, highest net returns (₹ 1,38,664 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.74) was recorded with RDF + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 (Soil) + Nano ZnO @ 250 ppm at 20 and 40 DAS (Foliar spray). The effectiveness of Zn EDTA compared to ZnSO4 is responsible for the higher quality parameters and yield of sweetcorn but due to its higher cost, Net returns and B;C ratio are maximum for the plots treated with ZnSO4 making it more economically viable.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76745539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Automated Drip Irrigation System on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"R. Suvitha, A. Velayutham, V. Geethalakshmi, S. Panneerselvam, P. Jeyakumar, K. Nagarajan","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430768","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of different automated drip irrigation on tomato crop under sandy clay loam soil in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during kharif 2019 and kharif 2020. Five treatments comprising 4 different automated drip irrigation systems are time based drip irrigation, volume based drip irrigation, soil moisture sensor based irrigation, switching tensiometer based irrigation and one is conventional method of irrigation were tested. The results revealed that tensiometer based drip irrigation recorded higher fruit yield of 95.11 and 96.21 t ha-1 and water use efficiency of 21.10 and 25.42 t ha-mm-1 resulting in increment over conventional method of irrigation. However, the above treatment was followed by soil moisture sensor based drip irrigation in tomato. Tensiometer based drip irrigation helps to save the water up to 54.91 and 60.55 % compared to conventional method of irrigation during kharif 2019 and 2020.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81980173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Long Term Fertilization and Manures on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Udorthentic Chromusterts","authors":"V. Venkatesh, N. Sekaran, V. Sanjivkumar, S. Meena, K. Parthiban","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430772","url":null,"abstract":"To study the effect of different nutrient management practices on different soil physical and chemical properties in the permanent manurial experiment field of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, which was established during 1982 at Agriculture Research Station, Kovilpatti. Soil physical and chemical properties are mainly affected by the continuous application of fertilizers or manures from years together. To study the above mentioned properties of soil the soil samples were collected from the permanent manurial experiment of kovilpatti where the Randomized Block Design (RBD) was followed with nine different treatments viz., T1- Control; T2- 100 % RDF (40:20:40 NPK kg ha-1); T3- 50% RDF (20:10:20 NPK kg ha-1); T4- 50% N (Crop residues); T5- 50 % N (FYM); T6- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (crop residues) + P (50%) + K (50%) ; T7- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (FYM) + P (50%) + K (50%); T8- 100 % RDF + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1; T9- FYM - 12.5 t ha-1. The effect of these treatments along with the depth (0-15 cm; 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm) was compared. The treatment receiving organics viz., T9- FYM - 12.5 t ha-1 was observed to be the best in all the physical and chemical properties which was then followed by INM viz.,  T7- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (FYM) + P (50%) + K (50%) and T6- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (crop residues) + P (50%) + K (50%).","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77521363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Growth Regulators and Organics on Growth and Yield of Spiny Brinjal Variety VRM (Br) -1","authors":"S. Nanthakumar, C. P. Kumar, P. Thilagam","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430771","url":null,"abstract":"Two field experiments were carried out at Horticultural College, Kalavai to study the effect of growth regulators and organics on growth and yield of spiny brinjal (Solanum melongena) var.VRM-1. Growth regulators viz., Salicylic acid @ 200 ppm, Brassinosteriods  @ 0.1 ppm, Triacontanol @ 5 ppm and NAA @ 40 ppm and organics viz., Seaweed extract @ 1.0%, Humic acid @ 1.0%, Panchagavya @ 5.0% and Vermiwash @ 5.0% were tested and applied as foliar spray in spiny brinjal var VRM-1. Among the treatments tested, Panchagavya treatment recorded maximum value with regard to plant height (85.45 cm), leaf area (131.59 cm),  leaf area index (3.66), branches per plant (21.3 Nos) , flowers per plant (55.5 Nos), fruits per plant (20.9 Nos), fruit length (5.8 cm), fruit circumference (14.7 cm)  and individual fruit weight (82.1 g). Brassinosteroids treatment found to be effective in increasing root length (22.75 cm).","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91254529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Abiotic Factors on Population of Aphid Complex and Its Coexisting Natural Enemies in Mustard Agroecosystem","authors":"S. Karthik, U. Mukherjee","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430762","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to determine the population build-up of mustard aphid and their natural enemies in relation to abiotic factors at TCA, Dholi during the Rabi season of 2018-19 and 2019-20 respectively. The incidence of mustard aphid started in the 2nd and 3rd SMW of 2019 and 2020 respectively and reached maximum in 8th SMW in both the years. However, the predatory activity of coccinellids, syrphid larvae and spiders were started from 3rd SW with their peak activity at 3rd and 4th week of February in both the years. Mustard aphid population exhibited positive correlation with maximum temperature (0.347 & 0.543), minimum temperature (0.317 & 0.152) and negative correlation with relative humidity (-0.083 & -0.479) during 2019 & 2020 respectively and rainfall (-0.35) during 2020. However, natural enemies viz., coccinellids, syrphid larvae and spiders exhibited positive correlation with Tmax, Tmin, rainfall and negative correlation with RH in both the years.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76056124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}