International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Malate or Not? Acute Effects of L-Citrulline Versus Citrulline Malate on Neuromuscular Performance in Young, Trained Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.","authors":"Juan J Martín-Olmedo, Sergio Miras-Moreno, Kevin Cuadra-Montes, Amador García-Ramos, Jonatan R Ruiz, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>L-citrulline (CIT) supplementation seems to improve resistance training performance; yet, whether malate has additive ergogenic effects when combined with CIT is unknown. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial aimed to compare the acute effects of CIT versus citrulline malate (CMA) supplementation on neuromuscular performance and exertion and emotional perceptions in young, trained men and women. 43 (21 women; 24.2 ± 3.7 years) participants ingested a placebo, CIT (5.3 g of CIT), or CMA (5.3 g of CIT, 2.7 g of malate) 45 min before three experimental sessions in a counterbalanced manner. We evaluated the upper and lower limb maximal neuromuscular and ballistic performance through the two-point method and countermovement jump. Strength-endurance was assessed across three sets of 10 repetitions in the squat and bench press exercises. Exertion and emotional perceptions were evaluated before and after the assessment and during the strength-endurance assessment. CIT and CMA supplementation did not enhance maximal neuromuscular performance (all p ≥ .061, ηp2≤.066), or ballistic strength (all p ≥ .348, ηp2≤.025). Neither CIT nor CMA supplementation improved strength-endurance as observed in the total number of repetitions (all p ≥ .590, ηp2≤.013), repetitions before reaching velocity loss threshold (all p ≥ .623, ηp2≤.010), mean velocity (all p ≥ .792, ηp2≤.004), mean velocity decline (all p ≥ .293, ηp2≤.029), and mean velocity maintenance (all p ≥ .393 ηp2≤.022), or exertion and emotional perceptions (both p ≥ .306, ηp2≤.028). In conclusion, CIT and CMA supplementation may not increase the neuromuscular performance during low- to moderate-volume resistance training sessions in young, trained adults. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT05183893).</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimum Overnight Interstitial Glucose Concentration in Professional Cyclists During Two Consecutive Annual Training Camps: The Limited Impact of Daily Exercise Energy Expenditure.","authors":"Andrea Zignoli, Borja Martinez-Gonzalez, Kristina Skroce, David J Lipman, Howard C Zisser, Andrea Giorgi","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This observational study investigated the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in a team of professional cyclists without diabetes during two consecutive annual training camps. The goal of the study was twofold: to present the aggregated CGM metrics such as day/overnight CGM average (DAYAVG/OVNAVG) for this group of professional cyclists and to study the association between exercise energy expenditure (megajoules per day), carbohydrate intake (grams), and minimum overnight CGM values (millimoles per liter). Linear mixed models were employed in the analysis. Data were available for 26 cyclists (22 participated in both training camps). CGM levels reported (DAYAVG = 6.37 ± 0.54 mmol/L and OVNAVG = 5.30 ± 0.52 mmol/L), are not typically seen in healthy individuals not engaged in intensive exercise routines. Results showed that minimum overnight CGM values significantly fluctuated throughout the training camp, but a statistically significant association between exercise energy expenditure (p = .0839) or carbohydrate intake (p = .059) and minimum overnight CGM values could not be detected. This research contributes to the literature on CGM use in professional athletes and underscores the need for further studies to fully understand the benefits and limitations of CGM to guide sports performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of Whole-Food and Supplemental Derived Dietary Protein, From Animal and Nonanimal Origins, to Daily Protein Intake in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.","authors":"Freyja A D Haigh, Gráinne Whelehan, Sam West, Marianna C A Apicella, Kiera Wilkinson, Ino van der Heijden, Tom S O Jameson, George F Pavis, Alistair J Monteyne, Marlou L Dirks, Francis B Stephens, Benjamin T Wall","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We characterized daily dietary protein intakes, focusing on protein source (animal and nonanimal) and form (whole-foods and supplemental) in young (18-40 years) resistance trained (training ≥ 3×/week for ≥ 6 months; TRA; male, n = 30; female, n = 14) and recreationally active (no structured training; REC; male, n = 30; female, n = 30) individuals. Using 3-day weighed food diaries from 10 previous studies, we assessed macronutrient intakes using dietary analysis software. Energy intakes trended greater in TRA compared with REC (p = .056) and were greater in males than females (p = .006). TRA consumed greater (p = .002) proportions of daily energy intake as protein than REC (23 ± 6 vs. 19 ± 5%Energy), which also trended greater in males compared with females (22 ± 3 vs. 20 ± 2%Energy; p = .060). Absolute (p < .001) and relative (to body mass [BM]; p < .001) protein intakes were greater in TRA (males, 159 ± 54 g/day or 1.6 ± 0.7 g·kg-1 BM·day-1; females, 105 ± 40 g/day or 2.0 ± 0.6 g·kg-1 BM·day-1; p < .001) than REC (males, 103 ± 37 g/day or 1.3 ± 0.5 g·kg-1 BM·day-1; females, 85 ± 23 g/day or 1.3 ± 0.4 g·kg-1 BM·day-1; p < .001), with absolute (p = .025), but not relative (p = .129) intakes greater in males. A greater proportion of total protein was consumed from animal compared with nonanimal in TRA (68% vs. 32%, respectively; p < .001) and REC (64% vs. 36%, respectively; p < .001); the skew driven exclusively by males (72% vs. 28%, respectively; p < .001). A greater proportion (∼92%) of total protein was consumed as whole-foods compared with supplemental, irrespective of training status or sex (p < .001). We show animal and whole-food-derived proteins contribute the majority to daily dietary protein intakes in TRA and REC young males and females.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium Hyperhydration Improves Performance With No Change in Thermal and Cardiovascular Strain in Female Cyclists Exercising in the Heat Across the Menstrual Cycle.","authors":"Lilia Convit, Liliana Orellana, Julien D Périard, Amelia J Carr, Stuart Warmington, Mégane Beaugeois, Anju Abraham, Rhiannon M J Snipe","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of sodium hyperhydration on thermal and cardiovascular strain and exercise performance in unacclimatized endurance-trained females exercising in the heat and whether effects differ between menstrual cycle (MC) Phase 1 (low estrogen and progesterone) and MC Phase 4 (moderate estrogen and high progesterone). Twelve female cyclists/triathletes completed four trials in a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design. Participants consumed 30 ml·kg-1 fat-free mass fluid with either sodium chloride (7.5 g·kg-1) or placebo (sucrose) 2 hr prior to 75 min of steady-state cycling (60% V˙O2peak) followed by a 200-kJ time trial (TT) in 34 °C and 60% relative humidity, with both interventions completed during MC Phase 1 and Phase 4. Rectal temperature and heart rate were measured at baseline, every 5 min during steady state, every 50 kJ of TT, and TT completion. Body mass was measured every 30 min preexercise and pre and post steady state and TT to assess hydration status. Linear mixed models were fitted to estimate intervention and MC phase effect. There were no significant sodium hyperhydration or MC phase effects on rectal temperature or heart rate (p > .05). Body mass increased with sodium versus placebo (0.38 [0.02, 0.74] kg; p = .04), with a greater increase in MC Phase 4 (0.69 [0.17, 1.2] kg; p < .001). TT performance improved with sodium versus placebo (-1.55 [-2.46, -0.64] min; p = .001), with a greater improvement in MC Phase 4 (-1.85 [-3.16, -0.55] min; p = .005). Sodium hyperhydration is a promising heat mitigation strategy for females undertaking prolonged exercise in the heat, especially during MC Phase 4 and when fluid access is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiday Beetroot Juice Ingestion Improves Some Aspects of Neuromuscular Performance in Semi-Professional, Male Handball Players: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.","authors":"Alejandro Muñoz, Alfonso de la Rubia, Jorge Lorenzo-Calvo, Raci Karayigit, Marta Garcés-Rimón, Miguel López-Moreno, Raúl Domínguez, Aaron T Scanlan, Álvaro López-Samanes","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to examine the effects of multiday beetroot juice ingestion on neuromuscular performance in semi-professional, male handball players. Twelve handball players competing in the second Spanish national division received 70 ml of beetroot juice (6.4 mmol of nitrate [NO3-]) or 70 ml of a placebo beetroot juice (0.04 mmol NO3-) for three consecutive days in a randomized, double-blind, crossover manner with a 1-week washout between conditions. Following supplementation in each condition, players completed a neuromuscular test battery involving handball throwing, isometric handgrip strength, countermovement jump, change-of-direction speed, and repeated-sprint assessments, with side effects also measured. Countermovement jump (4.7%; p = .038; Hedge's gav = 0.29) and isometric handgrip strength (7.8%; p = .021; gav = 0.59) were significantly superior with beetroot juice ingestion compared to the placebo. In contrast, nonsignificant differences were evident between conditions for all other neuromuscular performance variables (p > .05; gav = 0.00-0.27). Red urine production was the only side effect, demonstrating a significantly higher prevalence (p = .046) with beetroot juice ingestion. Three days of beetroot juice supplementation may be a useful nutritional strategy in semi-professional, male handball players given its ergogenic benefit to some aspects of neuromuscular performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's (Not) in Your Supplement? An Energy and Macronutrient Analysis of Commercially Available Carbohydrate Gels.","authors":"Nicholas B Tiller, Louise M Burke, Stephanie M Howe, Jason Koop, Johanna R Ohm, Brady Burgess","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0174","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbohydrate (CHO) gels are a staple among endurance athletes. When ingested during competition, CHO gels can improve endurance performance by acting as an external energy substrate, sparing endogenous glycogen, mitigating the risk of hypoglycemia, and engaging the central nervous system via receptors in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. However, published studies and a growing number of anecdotal reports have raised concerns about possible energy and macronutrient deficiencies in several products. We therefore performed a content analysis on CHO gels from Gu Energy, Honey Stinger, Hüma, Maurten, Näak, Precision Fuel, Science in Sport, and Spring Energy. On average, products contained significantly less energy than stated on the labels (n = 8, p = .047, large effect) but with no discrepancy in CHO content (n = 8, p = .219, medium effect). Bland-Altman analyses revealed a systematic bias toward less energy and CHO in measured samples relative to the label-derived nutritional information. Moreover, the Spring Energy product fell outside the 95% limits of agreement for both energy and CHO, containing ∼71% less energy (53 vs. 180 kcal) and ∼72% less CHO (12.5 vs. 45 g) than stated on the label. A follow-up analysis revealed similar discrepancies in several Spring Energy products from multiple lots. These findings have performance, clinical, and legal implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Magnitude of the Blood Acid-Base Response, but Not Time to Peak, Is Reliable Following the Ingestion of Acute, Individualized Sodium Citrate.","authors":"Daniel J Tinnion, Ben Dobson, Nathan Hilton, Lars R McNaughton, S Andy Sparks","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enhanced buffering capacity following sodium citrate (SC) ingestion may be optimized when subsequent exercise commences at individual time-to-peak (TTP) alkalosis (blood pH or bicarbonate concentration [HCO3-]). While accounting for considerable interindividual variation in TTP (188-300 min), a reliable blood alkalotic response is required for practical use. This study evaluated the reliability of blood pH, HCO3-, and sodium (Na+) following acute SC ingestion. Fourteen recreationally active males ingested 0.4 or 0.5 g/kg body mass (BM) of SC on two occasions each and 0.07 g/kg BM of sodium chloride (control) once. Blood pH and HCO3- were measured for 4 hr postingestion. Blood pH and HCO3- displayed good reliability following 0.5 g/kg BM SC (r = .819, p = .002, standardized technical error [sTE] = 0.67 and r = .840, p < .001, sTE = 0.63, respectively). Following 0.4 g/kg BM SC, blood HCO3- retained good reliability (r = .771, p = .006, sTE = 0.78) versus moderate for blood pH (r = .520, p = .099, sTE = 1.36). TTP pH was moderately reliable following 0.5 (r = .676, p = .026, sTE = 1.05) and 0.4 g/kg BM SC (r = .679, p = .025, sTE = 0.91) versus poor for HCO3- following 0.5 (r = .183, p = .361, sTE = 5.38) and 0.4 g/kg BM SC (r = .290, p = .273, sTE = 2.50). Although the magnitude of (and displacement in) blood alkalosis, particularly HCO3-, appears reliable following potentially ergogenic doses of SC, strategies based on individual TTP cannot be recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Pulmonary V˙O2 Kinetics and Muscle Fatigue During Severe-Intensity Cycling Exercise.","authors":"Rafael Leal Dantas Estrela, Jean de Souza Dos Santos, Paulo Cesar do Nascimento Salvador, Thiago Pereira Ventura, Gustavo Oneda, Ricardo Dantas de Lucas, Tiago Turnes, Luiz Guilherme Antonacci Guglielmo","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the effect of caffeine (CAF) intake on pulmonary oxygen uptake (V˙O2) kinetics, muscle fatigue, and physiological and perceptual parameters during severe-intensity cycling exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve physically active men (age: 26 ± 5 years; V˙O2peak: 46.7 ± 7.8 ml·kg-1·min-1) participated of this placebo (PLA)-controlled, randomized, double-blinded, and crossover design study. Participants performed on separate days (a) a ramp incremental test to determine V˙O2peak and gas exchange threshold and (b) four 8-min constant work rate tests at 60% of the difference between gas exchange threshold and maximal V˙O2peak (i.e., Δ60%) 1 hr after taking either 6 mg/kg of body mass of CAF or PLA. Before and immediately after constant work rate tests, a 5-s all-out isokinetic sprint was performed to assess the muscle torque. V˙O2 kinetics, blood lactate concentration ([La]), and rating of perceived exertion were analyzed during constant work rate tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CAF did not alter the primary time constant of V˙O2 kinetics (PLA: 38.3 ± 14; CAF: 36.7 ± 7.5 s), V˙O2 slow component (PLA: 0.5 ± 0.2; CAF: 0.5 ± 0.2 L/min), or peak torque (PLA: 144.6 ± 18.6; CAF: 143.9 ± 18.7 N·m). CAF decreased rating of perceived exertion (15.9 ± 1.8 vs. 17.0 ± 1.5 a.u.) and increased blood lactate concentration (9.0 ± 2.5 vs. 8.3 ± 2.2 mmol/L; p < .05) after constant work rate tests compared with PLA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CAF ingestion does not alter V˙O2 kinetics or muscle torque production during 8 min of severe-intensity cycling exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum. Sweat Mineral-Element Responses During 7 h of Exercise-Heat Stress.","authors":"","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":"54 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor Regarding Tuma et al. (2024).","authors":"Jeffrey A Rothschild, Ed Maunder, Bryan Saunders","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0057","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"329-331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}