International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism最新文献

{"title":"UCI Sports Nutrition Project: Considerations and Applications for the Use of Sports Foods and Supplements to Improve Performance in Cycling.","authors":"Jamie Whitfield, Brendan Egan, Juan Del Coso, Wim Derave, Bryan Saunders, Louise M Burke","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0111","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of sports foods and supplements has become ubiquitous among cyclists of all disciplines in order to meet energy and nutrient targets and to improve performance and recovery outcomes. This review will provide an overview of the different types of products and the rationale for their use, while highlighting key considerations surrounding the safety and anti-doping risks that supplements pose among athletes. A summary of supplements with a strong evidence base (caffeine, creatine, sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, dietary nitrate, and glycerol) and emerging supplements popularized within cycling (exogenous ketones) is also provided, outlining accepted protocols for use, timing, and potential ergogenic effects or side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"187-214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146029460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Napping, Caffeine, and Their Combination Enhanced Explosivity and Repeated-Sprint Performance: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.","authors":"Mahdi Mnif, Mohamed Romdhani, Emna Bentouati, Mariem Ben Yahia, Maher Souabni, Tarak Driss, Nizar Souissi","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to examine the independent and combined effects of a 90-min early afternoon (12:30 p.m.) nap (NAP) and an early evening (6:00 p.m.) moderate dose of caffeine (CAF; 5 mg/kg) on afternoon's variation of subjective sleepiness and reaction time and evening (7:00 p.m.) physical performance. In a randomized, counterbalanced, and double-blind design, 13 physical education students completed four conditions separated by 3-7 days: placebo (PLA), NAP, CAF, and combined nap plus caffeine (NAP + CAF). Assessments included simple and choice reaction times and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale at 12:30 p.m., before napping/resting, and every hour between 3:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. Jumping performance (squat jump and countermovement jump) and the repeated modified agility test were assessed once at 7:00 p.m. No significant effects of CAF, NAP, and CAF + NAP on simple reaction time, choice reaction time, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were found. Repeated modified agility test performance improved across all interventions compared with PLA, with no difference between interventions. All interventions enhanced squat jump performance relative to PLA, with the greatest improvements observed under NAP + CAF compared with CAF (p < .05, d = 0.37, mean difference [MD] = 1.92 cm; p < .05, d = 0.38, MD = 0.07 m/s; p < .05, d = 0.01, MD = 0.01 W/kg) and NAP (p < .01, d = 0.63, MD = 2.91 cm; p < .01, d = 0.68, MD = 0.11 m/s; p < .01, d = 0.02, MD = 0.02 W/kg), respectively, for squat jump, take-off velocity, and relative power. Napping and caffeine independently enhanced repeated agility and explosivity performances, and their combination had no additional benefits on repeated agility. However, the combination further enhanced explosivity, which may benefit evening competitions in team and racket sports. Its limited effects on nonexplosive tasks and potential sleep disruption constrain broader application.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation and Repeated Maximal Effort in Elite Swimmers: A Randomized Double-Blind Study.","authors":"Giannis Arnaoutis, George Vallas, Argyris G Toubekis, Tzortzis Nomikos","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2026-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2026-0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beetroot juice (BRJ) has been proposed as an ergogenic aid due to its high nitrate content, yet evidence from field-based studies in elite swimmers remains limited. This study investigated the acute effects of concentrated BRJ ingestion on performance and physiological responses during repeated maximal 200-m front-crawl efforts in elite male swimmers. Twelve elite swimmers (age: 20 ± 2 years, body fat: 7.1% ± 2.5%, 200-m personal best: 115.7 ± 3.4 s) completed a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced trial. Participants consumed either 140 ml of concentrated BRJ (Beet It Sport) or a custom-made, nitrate-depleted placebo (PL) matched for sensory characteristics, 2 hr before performing two maximal 200-m front-crawl time trials, separated by 60 min of passive recovery. Blood samples were collected upon arrival and immediately after each time trials, and 200-m completion time, blood lactate concentrations, and ratings of perceived exertion were recorded. No significant differences were observed in completion time for either the first (PL: 116.7 ± 3.0 vs. BRJ: 117.2 ± 3.1 s, p = .19) or the second 200-m time trial (PL: 117.8 ± 2.6 vs. BRJ: 117.8 ± 3.3 s, p = .98), nor in the change between trials (PL: 1.1 ± 1.5 vs. BRJ: 0.5 ± 1.3 s, p = .40). Likewise, lactate concentrations and ratings of perceived exertion values did not differ between conditions (p > .05). In conclusion, acute BRJ supplementation did not enhance 200-m front-crawl performance, lactate responses, or perceived exertion in elite swimmers under competition-like conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Series Response Analyser v2.0: A Web-Based Tool for Transparent Summary Statistics From Discrete Time-Series Data.","authors":"Benjamin J Narang, Greg Atkinson, Javier T Gonzalez, James A Betts","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2026-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2026-0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Discrete time-series measurements collected at predefined timepoints are widely used in sport nutrition and exercise metabolism research, including tolerance tests, tracer studies, and physiological responses to experimental interventions. These data sets are commonly summarized using derived metrics such as area under the curve. The original Time Series Response Analyser, introduced in 2020 as a spreadsheet-based tool, aimed to standardize these calculations and reduced the risk of manual errors. However, spreadsheet implementations can be difficult to maintain, extend, and version control, and provide limited transparency regarding exactly how outputs are derived. Here, we present Time Series Response Analyser v2.0, a web-based successor designed to improve accessibility, usability, and long-term maintainability while preserving the analytical purpose of the original tool. The application runs in a standard web browser and guides users through a structured workflow consisting of data setup, file interpretation screening, interactive analysis, and export of results. It retains the core summary metrics of the original version while expanding visualization capabilities and export options. In summary, Time Series Response Analyser v2.0 is a free, open-source web-based application for researchers analyzing discrete time-series experiments across both repeated-measures and independent-groups designs, supporting transparent and reproducible analytical workflows while enabling future development through a code-based platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Water Turnover and Its Components Over One Athletic Season: An Observational Study Among Athletes From Different Sports.","authors":"Filipe Jesus, Rúben Francisco, Ana V Bernardino, Catarina L Nunes, Stephanie L Dickinson, Paulo Rocha, Cláudia S Minderico, Luís B Sardinha, Dale A Schoeller, Analiza M Silva","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Water turnover (rH2O) is related to water balance including preformed water intake (WI), metabolic, inspired, and transcutaneous water. Literature is scarce on athletes. This study aimed to estimate and compare rH2O and its components during one athletic season (preparatory and competition phases), adjusting for body composition and energy expenditure (EE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal observational study included 112 athletes (19.8 ± 4.9 years, 39 females). Doubly labeled water determined total EE, rH2O, and the remaining components through specific equations. Total body water was determined by deuterium dilution and fat-free mass by the four-compartment model. Resting EE was assessed by indirect calorimetry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the preparatory phase, male athletes showed higher rH2O [5.03 (0.14) kg/day] compared with females [3.64 (0.19) kg/day, p < .001], even adjusting for body mass (p = .024), but not for fat-free mass, total body water, and EE. Triathletes showed higher values of rH2O after adjustments (p < .05). Over the athletic season, no changes occurred for rH2O or preformed WI within or between sexes or sports, even adjusting for body composition while some changes occurred adjusting for EE (p < .05). Over the season, metabolic water increased (p < .001), while inspired and transcutaneous water showed both increases and reductions (p < .05). A small prevalence (∼16%) of low WI (WI ≤ 35 ml/kg of body mass/day) was persistent in both timepoints.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While rH2O and preformed WI did not differ over the season, cross-sectional differences were observed between sports but not between sexes, highlighting the variability of rH2O and impact of contributing factors. Low preformed WI was present throughout the athletic season.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum. Dietary Fiber in Sport: Implications for Performance and Body Composition Optimization.","authors":"","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2026-0093","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijsnem.2026-0093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Fiber in Sport: Implications for Performance and Body Composition Optimization.","authors":"Ecem Ozduran, Makbule Gezmen-Karadag","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0170","DOIUrl":"10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although dietary fiber is widely recognized for its health benefits in the general population, including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and improved metabolic regulation, its role in athletic performance and recovery remains comparatively underexplored. Current sports nutrition guidelines lack specific recommendations for fiber intake, despite evidence linking adequate consumption to gut microbiome stability, immune modulation, and body composition optimization. Athletes face unique physiological demands that influence gastrointestinal tolerance, nutrient absorption, and energy availability, particularly under high training loads. Although excessive fiber intake may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort or reduced caloric intake, moderate and periodized consumption has been associated with enhanced immune function, improved energy metabolism, and preservation of skeletal muscle mass. Recent findings suggest potential benefits in attenuating exercise-induced inflammation and regulating substrate utilization. Nevertheless, observational data indicate that many athletes fail to meet general population intake targets, often due to precompetition dietary restrictions or concerns about digestive comfort. This review critically synthesizes current evidence on the physiological impacts of dietary fiber in athletic populations, focusing on gastrointestinal health, immune function, body composition, and performance outcomes. It further outlines practical, evidence-based strategies to optimize intake according to individual needs and sport-specific demands, including fiber periodization, source selection, and gradual adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147645237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological, Neuromuscular, and Perceptual Responses to Matched High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Soccer Players Under Fed and Ramadan-Type Fasting Conditions.","authors":"Osman Ateş, Süleyman Ulupınar, Kaan Kaya, Erkan Tortu, Ayşe Türksoy Işım, Alay Kesler, İzzet İnce, Cebrail Gençoğlu, Salih Çabuk, Abdullah Demirli, Serhat Özbay","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ramadan-type diurnal fasting, which restricts both food and fluid intake from dawn to sunset, may influence physiological, metabolic, and perceptual responses during high-intensity exercise. However, its acute effects under matched external workload conditions in field-based soccer training remain unclear. This study examined the physiological, neuromuscular, metabolic, and perceptual responses to a matched high-intensity intermittent training session performed under fed and Ramadan-type fasting conditions. Twenty male university-level soccer players completed two counterbalanced sessions. External load was matched using 10-Hz GPS monitoring. Physiological variables, including oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio, minute ventilation, and heart rate, along with blood lactate concentration, session rating of perceived exertion, perceptual scales (thermal discomfort and thirst), neuromuscular performance assessed via countermovement jump height and power, and body mass were measured before and after exercise. External mechanical load did not differ between conditions. Ramadan-type fasting elicited significantly higher minute ventilation, mean and maximal heart rate, and session rating of perceived exertion, whereas carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio, and peak blood lactate concentration were significantly lower. Oxygen uptake did not differ between conditions. Thermal discomfort and thirst increased from pre- to postexercise in both trials (time effect), with perceived thirst showing a greater increase under fasting conditions (interaction effect). Countermovement jump height and power demonstrated significant pre-to-post reductions (time effect) without condition or interaction effects. Body mass decreased significantly from pre- to postexercise in both trials (time effect), with no condition or interaction effects. These findings indicate that Ramadan-type fasting increases internal physiological and perceptual load during high-intensity intermittent soccer training despite identical external workloads, while neuromuscular performance and exercise-induced body mass loss remain preserved. Practitioners should consider that athletes may experience higher internal strain during fasting-based sessions even when mechanical output is maintained.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Resistance Exercise to Failure Versus Nonfailure on Appetite, Hormones, and Energy Intake in Young Healthy Males.","authors":"Hao-Chien Cheng, Hung-Wen Liu, Yee-Chin Kuo, Pei-Hsuan Yu, Kuan-Tsen Yeh, Chia-Han Hsieh","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined how resistance exercise (RE) volume, a potential key factor in appetite regulation, influences subjective appetite, gut appetite hormones, and energy intake. Eighteen males (aged 21-27 years) completed failure RE (FRE; three sets of failure reps at 70% (at 1 RM), non-FRE (NFRE; 3 × 7 reps at 70% 1 RM), and control (CON) trials. Appetite and acyl-ghrelin, peptide YY, lactate, and glucose were measured pre- and postexercise 0-90 min. Ad libitum meal was provided after exercise. Participants recorded energy intake for the day before, the day of, and the day after each session. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for acyl-ghrelin (AG) in the FRE and NFRE were significantly lower than in the CON (p < .001). Peptide YY iAUC and glucose iAUC in the FRE were significantly higher than in the CON (p < .001; p = .003). There was a dose-response for lactate iAUC (FRE > NFRE > CON; p < .001). Appetite iAUC was significantly lower in the FRE than in the CON (p = .012). There were no significant differences in postexercise ad libitum meal and self-reported free-living energy intake between the three sessions (p = .246, p = .226). Acyl-ghrelin was negatively correlated with lactate and positively correlated with overall appetite in both RE sessions. Lactate was negatively correlated with overall appetite in both RE sessions. Moderate-intensity RE with moderate volume-induced temporary appetite suppression, whereas FRE led to prolonged suppression and greater appetite-related hormonal responses, yet neither affected energy intake in young males.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Mouth Rinsing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mickey Wai-Kit Suen, Jaclyn Hei Tsang, Po-San Wong, John O'Reilly, Eric Tsz-Chun Poon","doi":"10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbohydrate (CHO), caffeine (CAF), and menthol (MEN) mouth rinses are emerging ergogenic aids that may enhance sports performance without the gastrointestinal risks of ingestion. However, there is limited evidence specifically regarding their effects on high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) performance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of mouth rinsing on HIIE performance, specifically focusing on solutions containing CHO, CAF, and/or MEN. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using seven databases through June 2025, following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Twenty randomized crossover studies were included. Overall, our meta-analysis revealed no significant improvement in overall HIIE performance following CHO mouth rinse (standardized mean difference = 0.18; 95% confidence interval [-0.10, 0.46]; p = .21), CAF mouth rinse (standardized mean difference = 0.37; 95% confidence interval [-0.02, 0.75]; p = .06), and CHO + CAF combined mouth rinse (standardized mean difference = -0.19; 95% confidence interval [-0.68, 0.30]; p = .44). Subgroup analysis based on HIIE performance outcomes, including power output, total distance covered, and sprint time, also showed no significant differences for any mouth rinse (p > .05). MEN mouth rinse reported no performance benefits in hot environments, despite an improved cooling sensation. While some individual studies suggested improvements-particularly with low glycogen availability or frequent rinsing-the overall evidence does not support mouth rinsing as an ergogenic strategy for HIIE. Further well-controlled research is needed to define optimal rinse type, timing, frequency, and dietary context for HIIE applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14334,"journal":{"name":"International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}