International Journal of Solids and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Modeling of transient diffusion in 3D printed fiber-reinforced hydrogel structures","authors":"Junwei Xu,&nbsp;Zhe Chen,&nbsp;Rui Xiao,&nbsp;Shaoxing Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different from traditional hydrogels, fiber-reinforced hydrogels exhibit anisotropic mechanical and swelling behaviors due to the presence of fibers. In this work, we develop a model coupling the diffusion of the solvent and deformation of the fiber-reinforced hydrogels. A non-equilibrium thermodynamic framework is constructed to incorporate the kinetic diffusion effect. The free energy density of the system arises from the stretching of polymer matrix and fibers, as well as the mixing of solvents and polymer segments. The model is also implemented into the finite element suite and applied to simulate the responsive behaviors of 3D printed fiber-reinforced hydrogels with bilayer structure. Both experimental and theoretical models reveal that the deformation model changes from a helicoid to a spiral ribbon with increasing the width of the bilayers, and different width-to-thickness ratios also impact the distribution of swelling ratio at various locations. Due to accurately capturing the diffusion kinetics, the model is able to capture the shape transition with time for different bilayer structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 113248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of fatigue crack propagation using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics approach","authors":"Soheil Niknafs ,&nbsp;Mohammad Silani ,&nbsp;Franco Concli ,&nbsp;Ramin Aghababaei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fatigue is one of the most destructive processes leading to the failure of mechanical components under cyclic loading. Traditionally, continuum methods have been used to predict and simulate fatigue, but they struggle to simultaneously capture crack nucleation and propagation under large deformations, as well as the physics of crack closure under compression. Recently, Molecular Dynamics (MD) has shown promising results in fracture mechanics; however, its application is limited by the scale of the models, making it more suitable for studying crack nucleation rather than full crack propagation. In this work, we used a coarse-grained molecular dynamics approach to model crack nucleation, propagation, and closure under cyclic loading in FCC metals. By coarse-graining the dislocation plasticity, this approach enables the simulation of crack nucleation and propagation within an atomistic framework while significantly reducing computational costs. A crack-free surface identification method was also implemented to trace crack surfaces and prevent crack closure during unloading. The method is applied to simulate fatigue crack processes in single-crystal aluminum, as well as cases with pre-existing grain boundary and bi-crystal. It is also extended to large-scale polycrystalline aluminum samples. The crack trajectory and the Paris law exponent were examined, demonstrating good agreement with experimental data. Overall, the proposed method, combined with the crack-free surface identification technique, provides a robust numerical approach for simulating fatigue behavior in metallic materials with reasonable computational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 113245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mode-I fracture of compliant beam-based metamaterials","authors":"Jan-Hendrik Bastek,&nbsp;Phillipe Lothaller,&nbsp;Dennis M. Kochmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Besides stiffness and strength, the resistance to fracture is one of the crucial mechanical properties of architected materials, which can be controlled by their structural design. We present a theoretical and numerical investigation of the mode-I fracture behavior of two-dimensional beam-based metamaterials, focusing on compliant elastic and viscoelastic base materials commonly employed in 3D-printed structures. Finite element simulations reveal that the compliance of viscoelastic structures can lead to a significant reorientation of the beam lattice near the crack tip. Though we assume a classical rate-independent local failure criterion, this reorientation results in material- and rate-dependent behavior, which deviates from the classical linear elastic fracture mechanics predictions. We introduce stress concentration maps as a visualization tool to systematically analyze the stress magnification in notched beam-based lattices, comparing results for the hexagonal, kagome, square, star, bowtie, octagon, and diamond lattices in the limit of fast and slow loading rates. Our findings indicate that the combination of lattice topology, overall compliance of the base material, and beam slenderness has a significant effect on the fracture behavior and leads to intricate transitions in the peak stress location within a structure, with up to six distinct failure locations for a single lattice. This has significant implications on the crack propagation behavior, including the occurrence of catastrophic vs. non-catastrophic failure, and highlights the limitations of the classical asymptotic stress field assumptions for a highly relevant class of mechanical metamaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 113239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing contact between a rigid pin and a FGM circular beam with clearance","authors":"E. Radi ,&nbsp;F.O. Falope ,&nbsp;L. Lanzoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The progressive and frictionless contact problem between a rigid circular pin and a circular beam with a uniform cross-section made of elastic functionally graded material (FGM) is investigated under clearance-fit conditions. The stress and displacement fields in the FGM circular beam are taken from the general solution for plane elastic problems involving FGMs in polar coordinates, analogous to Mitchell’s solution for homogeneous isotropic materials. The frictionless contact conditions yield a set of dual series equations similar to those obtained for a homogeneous and isotropic elastic circular beam, then reduced to a linear system of infinite equations, which is solved by truncation. By assuming discrete values of the contact angle, the corresponding stress and displacement fields within the lug are derived and, in turn, the resultant load acting on the rigid pin is assessed. The new analytical results are then validated against finite element predictions and a satisfactory agreement is observed for typical geometries and various material grading parameters. The present findings can assist mechanical engineers in optimally designing innovative pinned connections and improving their load-bearing capacity by exploiting the advantages of FGMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 113244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on springback prediction based on neutral layer displacement in three-dimensional stretch-bending forming of profiles","authors":"Songyue Yang,&nbsp;Yu Wen,&nbsp;Hao Sun,&nbsp;Ce Liang,&nbsp;Yi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Springback is an unavoidable defect in plastic forming processes, and in three-dimensional stretch-bending of profiles, it becomes even more complex due to multi-directional bending deformations. The neutral layer, where strain theoretically equals zero during bending, is subject to deflection within the cross-section of the profile due to combined bending in different planes, causing shifts in the springback direction. This study aims to investigate the springback in three-dimensional stretch-bending and predict its values. Using roller-based three-dimensional stretch-bending equipment to deform an L-shaped profile, a corresponding finite element model was constructed, complemented by experimental validation of the deformation process. Results showed that, under smaller deformation conditions, the springback matched well with predicted values, with a deviation of about 5 %. Considering the influence of discrete dies, this model effectively predicts springback behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 113241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear dynamic living polymeric gels constitutive model based on statistical-chain-based theory","authors":"Guangzheng Lv ,&nbsp;Yipin Si ,&nbsp;Yunlong Li ,&nbsp;Haohui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic living polymeric gels exhibit unique characteristics, including growth, self-healing, and degradation, through chemical reactions involving polymer chains. When subject to these evolutions, the gels can display significant deformations, exhibiting highly nonlinear mechanical responses within the polymer network. In addition, the precise stress values also have an effect on the diffusion and reaction kinetics. To address these complexities, we integrated a nonlinear chain force model into statistical-chain-based theory to account for the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the polymer network. First, we fit a set of experimental data to obtain adequate parameters. Subsequently, we investigated the impact of various chain reactions on the mechanical properties of polymer gels during uniaxial stretching, in contrast to the linear chain model. Finally, the physicochemical properties of the complex living polymer structures were investigated by examining two-dimensional flat plates and two-dimensional perforated flat plates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 113237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An energy-based approach for investigating the mixed-mode fracture behavior of bone as orthotropic material","authors":"Hosein Alimohammadi,&nbsp;Javad Akbardoost","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a new energy-based approach is proposed to predict the mixed-mode fracture of bone as the orthotropic material. The basis of the new approach named as SED-FEM is the same as the minimum strain energy density (SED) criterion. The parameter S in the SED-FEM criterion is calculated directly from finite element analysis considering the orthotropic behavior. In order to evaluate the SED-FEM approach, the fracture loads of bovine bone obtained in the previous studies for short beams under mixed-mode loading is compared with the prediction of SED-FEM. The comparison shows that the SED-FEM is able to predict the experimental fracture loads more simple and accurate than the conventional SED criterion which needs to calculate the coefficients of stress terms for orthotropic material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 113220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, optimization and additive manufacturing of an innovative bike helmet using auxetic metastructures","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Zamani ,&nbsp;Mohammad Heidari-Rarani ,&nbsp;Mohsen Mirkhalf","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safety helmets with high energy absorption are crucial for bike riders and represent a significant priority for the sports industry. This study proposes an innovative design of a mountain bike helmet with an auxetic re-entrant metastructure made out of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for its liner and a thin layer of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) for its outer shell. The metastructure is designed in SolidWorks software and the impact test is simulated according to the conditions of the EN 1078 standard in Abaqus software. Finite element modeling utilizes input data from the compression tests on 3D-printed TPU specimens. The Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) is used to find the optimal cell geometry of the metastructure and minimize the deceleration during impact tests. A fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer manufactures the entire liner integrally. Two different impact test scenarios, flat anvil and kerbstone anvil, are performed on the manufactured helmet. A comparison of experimental and finite element results shows good accuracy of the numerical model. In addition to a customized helmet liner tailored to individual head shapes and sizes, the proposed liner provides low deceleration during impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 113240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A low-dimension, and numerically stable transfer matrix method to predict the dynamics of thin-walled beams with rigid bodies under intricate topologies","authors":"Ze-Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Yu-Fu Qiu ,&nbsp;Jiang-Hua Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Tong ,&nbsp;Shing Shin Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structures comprising mono-symmetric thin-walled beams (TBs) and rigid bodies (RBs) with complex topologies are commonly used in various surgical applications, including continuum robots and sensors. However, research about the dynamic modelling of these structures is rarely performed. In this paper, we develop a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic model for the system consisting of mono-symmetric TBs and RBs in a general manner utilizing a transfer matrix method (TMM). Firstly, the governing equations of the TB in the 3D space is derived by fully incorporating warping and shear effects, and the stability during the process of computing the transfer matrix (TM) is discussed. It is discovered that while the TM for the axial vibration is stable, the computations for bending and bending-torsion vibrations are numerically unstable due to the presence of the exponent terms in the TM, when the analysis frequency and TB length increase. Interestingly, the computation of the axial vibration response in a complex structure becomes unstable due to the coupled vibration among the TBs and RBs, compared to a single-span TB. To address this issue of numerical instability, a low-dimension TMM (14 × 14) is proposed by reducing the length of transfer path by using the substructure synthesis method. Several typical topologies, such as “chain-like”, “branch”, and cascaded “closed-loop” structures are addressed by the proposed method. Case studies have been conducted to illustrate the accuracy of the developed 3D dynamic model and the effectiveness of the proposed method in addressing the numerical difficulties of the conventional TMM at high frequencies. The proposed approach exhibits several advantages, including easy programming, accurate solution, and small degrees-of-freedom for intricate topologies, enabling the analysts to design structures more efficiently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 113227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model for the onset of plasticity and hardness in bulk metallic glasses investigated by nanoindentation with a spherical indenter","authors":"Kai Tao ,&nbsp;Xiao He ,&nbsp;Hanwen Lu ,&nbsp;Zhibo Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Yang ,&nbsp;Eloi Pineda ,&nbsp;Kaikai Song ,&nbsp;Yiqiang He ,&nbsp;Jichao Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite extensive research over the past three decades into how indentation depth affects the hardness (<span><math><mi>H</mi></math></span>) of both crystalline and non-crystalline materials, a mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon remains elusive. Here, we report that the depth dependence of <span><math><mi>H</mi></math></span> is also present in bulk metallic glasses. Importantly, indentation depth dependence is observed not only in hardness but also in the reduced elastic modulus <span><math><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></math></span>. We observed that <span><math><mi>H</mi></math></span> initially increases with increasing indentation depth <span><math><msub><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></math></span> up to the yielding point. Beyond this point, however, it decreases with further increase of <span><math><msub><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></math></span>, indicating the presence of an indentation depth dependence in the plastic regions. The evolution of <span><math><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></math></span> follows a similar trend. Based on our findings, firstly, we established the relationship between indentation hardness and the ratio of contact radius to indentation depth using classical Hertzian contact mechanics. Then, we developed a model based on the atomic-scale cooperative shear mechanism to interpret the indentation size effects in bulk metallic glasses. Furthermore, we observed that <span><math><mi>H</mi></math></span> correlates with the cube of the ratio of indentation elastic depth <span><math><msub><mi>h</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math></span> to total depth <span><math><msub><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></math></span>, or alternatively, with the ratio of indentation elastic work to total work. Our findings gave a scaling law, <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>h</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></mfenced></mrow><mn>3</mn></msup><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></mrow></mfenced><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>, that uncovers an inherent relationship of hardness <span><math><mi>H</mi></math></span> with the mean pressure <span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math></span> at the onset of plasticity, flow hardness <span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></span>, and the ratio <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>h</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>. The work underscores that the indentation depth effect stems from the interplay between elasticity and plasticity, rather than being solely influenced by factors like indentation depth, contact area, or indenter radius. This highlights its crucial role in comprehending and evaluating the plastic deformation of bulk metallic glasses at the submicron scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 113238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}