International Journal of Solids and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Extended FFT-based micromechanical formulation to consider general non-periodic boundary conditions","authors":"Miroslav Zecevic,&nbsp;Ricardo A. Lebensohn","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a new approach for applying non-periodic boundary conditions in the context of FFT-based methods to solve micromechanical problems in heterogeneous solids. The domain of the original problem is extended to satisfy the periodicity requirements at the boundary of the extended domain. The velocity constraint on the boundary of the original domain is replaced by a corresponding constraint on the velocity gradient in the extended volume, and a two-level augmented Lagrangian method is used to enforce the constraint. The proposed method is implemented as an extension of the large-strain elasto-viscoplastic FFT-based (LS-EVPFFT) model of <span><span>Zecevic et al. (2022)</span></span>. The proposed method is verified in the cases of fully imposed velocity boundary conditions and mixed velocity/traction-free boundary conditions. The accuracy and convergence of the method are studied next, followed by applications to bending and indentation of polycrystals that illustrate the extended capabilities of the proposed formulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 113225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptotic analyses on field-induced bending deformations of multi-layered hard-magnetic soft material plates","authors":"Zuodong Wang ,&nbsp;Zhanfeng Li ,&nbsp;Jiong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we study the field-induced bending deformations of multi-layered hard-magnetic soft material (HMSM) plates. First, the total energy functional for HMSM plates is established following the classical approach of the magnetostatic theory. Through variational calculations, the 3D governing equation system can be formulated, which is simplified by neglecting the effect of the activated magnetic field. Starting from the simplified 3D governing equations and through a series-expansion and truncation approach, we derive a general finite-strain plate model for multi-layered HMSM plates. Based on this multi-layered plate model, we further study the field-induced bending deformations of bilayer HMSM plates. By identifying some small parameters and conducting asymptotic analyses, the plate equation system is reduced to a simple asymptotic ODE, which can be solved by using analytical or numerical methods. To show the efficiency of the asymptotic ODE, its solutions in several typical examples are obtained and compared with the results of FE simulations, which show very good consistencies. The effects of the material and geometrical parameters, as well as the magnetization vector fields, on the magneto-mechanical response of the plate samples can also be revealed. Furthermore, the shape-control problem and instability of HMSM plates under magnetic actuation are analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 113217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture characterisation of a bi-material adhesive joint under mode I loading: Effect of roughness at the bonding interface","authors":"S. Gören ,&nbsp;F.A.M. Pereira ,&nbsp;N. Quyền ,&nbsp;M.F.S.F. de Moura ,&nbsp;N. Dourado","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work addresses the mode I fracture characterisation of a common bi-material adhesive joint used in the automotive industry. The joint is composed of a copolymer of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC + ABS) bonded to a woven glass fibre reinforced with epoxy matrix composite (PCB) using urethane polymer adhesive cured with UV light and suitable humidity. The bi-material adhesive joint was prepared to analyse the effect of the arithmetic average roughness <em>R</em>_a of the polymeric component surface on the critical value of strain energy release rate <em>G</em>_Ic. Due to significant differences in the elastic properties of the PC + ABS copolymer and the PCB, the asymmetric double–cantilever beam (ADCB) test was chosen, with flexural stiffness appropriately balanced to induce predominant mode I loading. Since the crack length could not be accurately tracked during the loading process, the compliance-based beam method was employed as a data reduction scheme to assess <em>G</em>_Ic, using concepts of beam theory and equivalent crack length. The procedure was numerically validated for each roughness value <em>R</em>_a tested experimentally (i.e., 0.45, 1.12 and 4.50 μm) using a cohesive zone model, with a trapezoidal-linear cohesive law, to simulate damage initiation and growth. Apart from the cohesive laws further determined by a developed inverse method, the experimental work allowed to identify a value of arithmetic average roughness <em>R</em>_a for which the critical strain energy release rate attains its maximum under mode I loading before it slightly decreases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 113221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the benefits of the use of complementary numerical models for the structural analysis of a historic masonry monument: Application to a sexpartite vault of Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral","authors":"T. Parent ,&nbsp;P. Morenon ,&nbsp;P. Nougayrede ,&nbsp;P. Taforel ,&nbsp;F. Dubois ,&nbsp;S. Morel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preservation of a historic masonry monument with structural pathologies requires the implementation of a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach including a mechanical assessment of the structure. To this end, a wide variety of models (such as Continuum Homogeneous Models (CHM), Block-Based Models (BBM) and geometry-based models (GBM)) are available in the literature to simulate the mechanical behavior of this type of structure. In this article, three different models (two BBM and one CHM) are used simultaneously to assess the structural behavior of a choir span of Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral in Paris, with an aim to assist architects with diagnosis and repair operations within a time frame of approximately one year. The same set of assumptions (loading, geometry, mechanical parameters) was applied to all three models. Using these models simultaneously allowed the research team to build an optimized structural assessment based on constant interaction between the different modeling approaches. This enabled the team to leverage the strengths of each method, ensuring a high degree of confidence in the final results. The comparison of models also revealed potential improvements that could be made to each model, with the goal of reducing calculation times and/or enhancing the consistency of results, particularly in terms of failure mechanisms and behavior laws.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 113224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A semi-analytical solution for determining plastic parameters of metallic materials from scratch tests","authors":"Yuanxin Li ,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Minghao Zhao ,&nbsp;Chunsheng Lu ,&nbsp;Ming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scratch testing is widely used for its convenience and promise but lacks analytical or semi-analytical solutions for determining the mechanical properties of materials. In this paper, by investigating the scratch-induced strain field, we propose a semi-analytical solution for the forward prediction of scratch responses and inverse characterization of plastic parameters of metallic materials. The solution is verified through finite element simulation and experimental data from eight different metallic materials. The results indicate that the method is precise, with an average error of 5.25% in the forward prediction of scratch forces and 7.48% in the inverse characterization of plastic parameters. This work provides a solid theoretical foundation for using scratch tests to assess material plasticity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 113226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental validation of non-associated flow rule and hydraulic bulge forming simulation for a 6000 series aluminum alloy sheet","authors":"Tomoyuki Hakoyama ,&nbsp;Chiharu Sekiguchi Hakoyama ,&nbsp;Toshihiko Kuwabara","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biaxial tensile tests of a 6000 series aluminum alloy sheet were performed using cruciform specimens and tubular specimens fabricated by bending and welding sheet samples. The contours of plastic work and the direction of the plastic strain rate were measured along nine linear stress paths. The test sample exhibited differential hardening because the shape of the work contours gradually changed with increased plastic strain. The direction of the plastic strain rate measured for every stress path was almost constant regardless of the amount of plastic strain and coincided with the direction normal to the work contour associated with a 0.2% plastic strain. Based on these observations, two material models were developed. One was an associated flow rule (AFR) model, in which the material is assumed to follow the AFR with respect to the measured work contours with differential hardening. The other was a non-associated flow rule (NAFR) model, in which the yield function was determined as approximating the work contours with differential hardening and the plastic potential function was chosen to be the work contour associated with a 0.2% plastic strain. A hydraulic bulge forming experiment and simulations with finite element AFR and NAFR models were performed to check the effect of the material models on the accuracy of the forming simulation. The thickness strain at the apex of the test piece <span><math><mo>-</mo></math></span> internal pressure curve and thickness strain <span><math><mo>-</mo></math></span> initial radial coordinate curve were measured and compared with the finite element simulation results based on both material models. The results revealed that the predictive accuracy of the NAFR model is superior to that of the AFR model for the aluminum alloy sheet used in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 113218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A minimization theory in finite elasticity to prevent self-intersection","authors":"Adair R. Aguiar,&nbsp;Lucas A. Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2024.113198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2024.113198","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The theory of classical linear elasticity predicts self-intersection in the neighborhood of interior points of anisotropic solids, crack tips, and corners. This physically unrealistic behavior is characterized by the violation of the local injectivity condition, according to which, the determinant of the deformation gradient, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;J&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≜&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;det&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, must be positive. One way to impose this condition in elasticity consists of minimizing the total potential energy subjected to the condition &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;J&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ɛ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, where &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ɛ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; is a small positive parameter.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;We present a minimization theory constrained by &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;J&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ɛ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; for hyperelastic solids undergoing finite deformations and derive necessary conditions for a deformation field to be a minimizer, which include both continuity of traction and dissipation-free conditions across a surface of discontinuity. We then apply this theory in the analysis of equilibrium of an annular disk made of an orthotropic St Venant-Kirchhoff material. This material is a natural constitutive extension of its classical linear counterpart. The disk is fixed on its inner surface and compressed by a constant pressure on its outer surface.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The disk problem is formulated as both a boundary value problem (disk BVP) and a minimization problem (disk MP), which are solved in the context of both the classical and the constrained (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;J&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ɛ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) nonlinear theories. These formulations yield non-smooth solutions for large enough pressure, which pose numerical difficulties. To address these difficulties, we use a phase-plane technique to construct a trajectory of solution for the disk BVP and the finite element method together with nonlinear programming tools to find a minimizer for the disk MP.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In the classical nonlinear theory, we find that there is a critical pressure &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;̄&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, which tends to zero as the inner radius of the disk tends to zero, above which a solution of either the disk BVP or the disk MP becomes non-smooth and predicts &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;J&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. In addition, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;̄&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; is smaller than its counterpart predicted by the classical linear theory and, therefore, serves as an upper bound below which the linear theory is valid.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In the constrained nonlinear theory, the solutions of both the disk BVP and the disk MP agree very well and satisfy all the necessary conditions for an admissible minimizer, including the injectivity condition. Analytical and numerical results show that, for an annular","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 113198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified vibro-acoustic spectrum characteristics for underwater cylindrical shells with mechanical metastructures","authors":"Yaoze Zhuang ,&nbsp;Deqing Yang ,&nbsp;Qing Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vibro-acoustic spectrum characteristics for underwater thin-walled structures continue to attract attention. This study presents a load-bearing, wide-bandgap metastructure for modifying vibro-acoustic spectrum characteristics of a cylindrical shell. Initially, methods for calculating and evaluating the load-bearing capacity and bandgap characteristics of unit cells are established. Subsequently, an annular metastructure is configured in a cylindrical coordinate, broadening the bandgap and the range of radiated noise suppression through compound unit cells. Finally, by localized mass and reinforcement, the enhancement of macroscopic structural load-bearing capacity and the modified spectrum characteristics are achieved. This study provides a cylindrical shell in which internal vibration transmits through the flange to the shell and then generates radiated noise. The sound power of the assembly which is equipped with either the original support or the metastructures was obtained through experiments and simulations. The experimental study demonstrated a 3.1 dB noise reduction across a broad frequency range from 824 Hz to 1500 Hz, with over 50 % of the frequency characteristics significantly altered. Furthermore, the metastructure achieved a weight reduction of 2.16 kg compared with the original configuration. This study not only achieves the evaluation of the load-bearing capacity of the microscopic unit cell but also realizes the amplitude suppression and spectrum modification of radiated noise for underwater cylindrical shells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 113219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deployment dynamics of a high strain deployable rolled-up composite SAR antenna","authors":"Annalisa Tresoldi ,&nbsp;Jason Shore ,&nbsp;Alfonso Pagani ,&nbsp;Guglielmo Aglietti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2024.113208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2024.113208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Deployable Rolled-up Composite Antenna - Synthetic Aperture Radar (DERCA-SAR) concept design is proposed for a 12U CubeSat low-power remote sensing application. A SAR reflectarray system is considered to be implemented on a High-Strain Composite (HSC) structure with a shallow “tape-measure” inspired shape. The stiffness required in the deployed state is provided by the cross-sectional curvature of the shell, which will be rigidly maintained at the root during stowage. To provide a low-mass solution for this application, the DERCA-SAR technology considers flattening and coiling the shell tip until it reaches the clamped root and deploys by releasing the elastic strain energy stored in the coiled configuration. In this paper, two analytical models are developed to describe the deployment dynamics of this structure and predict the deployment velocity that may impact the antenna performance. Given an initial coil radius <span><math><mi>r</mi></math></span>, which is much smaller than the natural radius <span><math><mi>R</mi></math></span> to fit a nanosatellite platform, the deployment occurs in two stages that have been revealed through experiments. The first blossoming phase is described as an expanding and uncoiling process based on the Lagrangian approach. The second and more chaotic phase of the deployment is modelled using a Hencky-type model that discretises the shell’s structure in a multi-pendulum system connected by elastic rotational hinges/springs. In this model, the shell’s stiffness is made to locally change based on the characteristic tape springs’ moment–rotation relationship and the implementation of a stiffness function. The analytical results are then compared to experimental data derived from deployment testing on samples of the shells with different material properties. The predictions from the two models capture the significant trends of the data well, and predict the maximum speed with an error of <span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span> 10<!--> <!-->%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 113208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the elliptic fissure cracking mechanisms from the perspective of sand 3D printing technology and Meshfree numerical strategy","authors":"Shuyang Yu,&nbsp;Xueying Hu,&nbsp;Zilin Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The existences of cracks affect the strength and fracture morphologies of rock masses. However, there are few discussions on factors such as fissure apertures and quantities. Based on this background, sand 3D printing is used to prepare rock-like samples. Crack propagation experiments are carried out on fissured samples with different fissure apertures and fissure numbers. DIC technology is utilized to obtain the full-field strain distributions on specimen surfaces. Meanwhile, a meshless numerical method is developed to simulate rock damage evolutions. Results show that: Three crack types can be seen, wing cracks, shear cracks as well as main cracks. Wing crack extensions on two prefabricated fissures outer sides are along the loading direction, while inner side wing cracks overlap with two prefabricated fissures to form a “fusiformis-shaped part”. The propagation of shear cracks after wing cracks indicates final specimen failure. Main cracks exist in the circumstances with large fissure apertures. As fissure apertures increase, wing cracks initiating points deviate from tips, and the appearance of inner wing cracks in double fissure specimens precedes outer wing cracks. Stress–strain curves of the specimen experience five stages: 1) compressive stage; 2) elastic stage; 3) stress drop stage; 4) crack propagation stage and 5) failure stage. Finally, formation mechanisms of wing cracks, shear cracks, “fusiformis-shaped parts” as well as the mechanical influences of fissure apertures on the specimens are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 113216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}