International Journal of Solids and Structures最新文献

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Level set-based inverse homogenisation of three-dimensional piezoelectric materials 基于水平集的三维压电材料逆均匀化
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术
International Journal of Solids and Structures Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113551
Zachary J. Wegert, Anthony P. Roberts, Vivien J. Challis
{"title":"Level set-based inverse homogenisation of three-dimensional piezoelectric materials","authors":"Zachary J. Wegert,&nbsp;Anthony P. Roberts,&nbsp;Vivien J. Challis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we use memory-distributed level set-based topology optimisation to design three-dimensional periodic piezoelectric materials with enhanced properties. We compare and assess several existing iterative solvers with respect to their weak scalability and find that an approximate Schur complement preconditioned generalised minimal residual method demonstrates the best performance and scalability for solving the piezoelectric homogenisation equations. We use the developed techniques to computationally design high-resolution piezoelectric metamaterials with enhanced stiffness and piezoelectric properties that yield new insights into material design for sensor, hydrophone, and actuator applications. We suggest two robust structures with no fine-scale features that exhibit enhanced piezoelectric properties several times larger than those of the base material. We find that level set-based topology optimisation is well suited to problems involving piezoelectricity and has the advantage of avoiding large regions of intermediate density material. Our memory-distributed level-set implementation is open source and provided for practitioners in the community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 113551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strength, stability, and interlocking efficacy in topologically interlocked materials based on tetrahedra and octahedra 基于四面体和八面体的拓扑互锁材料的强度、稳定性和互锁效果
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术
International Journal of Solids and Structures Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113575
Ahmed S. Dalaq , Mohammad Mirkhalaf , Francois Barthelat
{"title":"Strength, stability, and interlocking efficacy in topologically interlocked materials based on tetrahedra and octahedra","authors":"Ahmed S. Dalaq ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mirkhalaf ,&nbsp;Francois Barthelat","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Topologically Interlocked Materials (TIMs) are segmented systems composed of stiff blocks that interact through sliding, rotation, and jamming at contact interfaces. While TIMs improve toughness, this often comes at the expense of strength. Although recent experiments demonstrate the potential to overcome this trade-off, clear guidelines for achieving stiffness and strength in TIMs are still needed. In this study, we study the mechanical response of tetrahedral and octahedral TIM panels under out-of-plane loading using finite element models (FEM). We introduced two kinematic descriptors: Collective slippage and collective rotation, both of which capture inter-block deformation and show strong dependence on interfacial friction. To quantify the interlocking efficacy, we propose a new metric called the participation ratio, which is based on the strain energy distribution across blocks. This ratio was found to be 1.5 times higher in octahedral TIMs than in tetrahedral ones, indicating more effective load sharing among blocks. Contact force maps and stress trajectories revealed that the octahedral TIMs had a more interconnected force network, whereas the tetrahedra showed directional load channels. A key difference lies in the static stability: Octahedra can maintain equilibrium even in the absence of friction and thus are intrinsically stable TIMs, whereas tetrahedra require friction to achieve static equilibrium. We also proposed a strength-to-tensile stress ratio to capture the mechanical potential of TIMs independent of the base material properties, in which octahedra outperformed tetrahedra by 5.6 times. Overall, the greater number of contact surfaces and hexagonal base tessellation of octahedral TIMs confer superior interlocking efficacy, leading to enhanced stiffness, strength, and toughness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 113575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The circular disc made of linear elastic incompressible material and the ‘bathyscaphe lesson’ 线弹性不可压缩材料制成的圆盘与“深海潜水课”
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术
International Journal of Solids and Structures Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113548
D. Bigoni , S.G. Mogilevskaya , A. Piccolroaz , M. Gaibotti
{"title":"The circular disc made of linear elastic incompressible material and the ‘bathyscaphe lesson’","authors":"D. Bigoni ,&nbsp;S.G. Mogilevskaya ,&nbsp;A. Piccolroaz ,&nbsp;M. Gaibotti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A linear elastic circular disc is analysed under a self-equilibrated system of loads applied along its boundary. A distinctive feature of the investigation, conducted using complex variable analysis, is the assumption that the material is incompressible (in its linearized approximation), rendering the governing equations formally identical to those of Stokes flow in viscous fluids. After deriving a general solution to the problem, an isoperimetric constraint is introduced at the boundary to enforce inextensibility. This effect can be physically realized, for example, by attaching an inextensible elastic rod with negligible bending stiffness to the perimeter. Although the combined imposition of material incompressibility and boundary inextensibility theoretically prevents any deformation of the disc, it is shown that the problem still admits non-trivial solutions. This apparent paradox is resolved by recognizing the approximations inherent in the linearized theory, as confirmed by a geometrically nonlinear numerical analysis. Nonetheless, the linear solution retains significance: it may represent a valid stress distribution within a rigid system and can identify critical conditions of interest for design applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 113548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Higher-order boundary conditions for passivation mediated by plastic strain gradients 塑性应变梯度介导钝化的高阶边界条件
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术
International Journal of Solids and Structures Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113574
Chaoxiang Ma , Yuyang Xie , Dabiao Liu
{"title":"Higher-order boundary conditions for passivation mediated by plastic strain gradients","authors":"Chaoxiang Ma ,&nbsp;Yuyang Xie ,&nbsp;Dabiao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The theory of higher-order strain gradient plasticity is applied to investigate passivation effects, due to its superior capability in handling boundary conditions. In this study, a higher-order boundary condition accounting for the plastic strain gradient at the boundary layer is implemented based on the Fleck-Hutchinson-Willis theory. The role of the higher-order boundary condition is investigated under three non-proportional loading conditions: stretch-passivation, bending-passivation, and torsion-passivation. The higher-order boundary condition significantly reduces the strain hardening rate during plastic flow, in contrast to the conventional boundary condition where dislocations are fully blocked. The plastic strain gradient at the boundary layer controls the yield strength of the microscale metallic materials. The theoretical predictions align with the experimental results. This study provides valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms governing passivation effects in microscale metallic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 113574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modular metamaterials with strong auxeticity, tunability and crashworthiness 模块化超材料,具有很强的互动性、可调性和耐撞性
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术
International Journal of Solids and Structures Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113577
Zekai Li , Yilin Zhu , Kuijian Yang
{"title":"Modular metamaterials with strong auxeticity, tunability and crashworthiness","authors":"Zekai Li ,&nbsp;Yilin Zhu ,&nbsp;Kuijian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The properties of existing auxetic materials cannot be tuned once after manufacture, and their auxeticity is commonly weakened at large deforming degree. To break these limits, modular metamaterials are proposed to combine strong auxeticity, tunability and crashworthiness, which can be flexibly assembled and arbitrarily 3D expanded only using same small-size chiral units, enabling the conveniences in manufacture, transportation, storage, assemble, etc. The modules can thus be on-demand disassembled and reorganized to tune the stiffness distribution and mechanical properties to adapt to complex protective requirements. For instance, they can be specially assembled with stiffness gradient to customize the mechanical response, or can be hybrid and randomly assembled to quickly respond to emergencies without affecting the crashworthiness. Based on experimental and simulation results, the modular metamaterials deform stably and uniformly with firm interlocking capability under crush loads, and present significantly stronger and larger-range auxeticity than traditional integrated auxetic materials. More critically, they possess superior mechanical robustness under various crush velocities and the structural scales. On this basis, parametric study is carried out to further improve the comprehensive performance. Despite specific energy absorption and energy absorption efficiency of the optimal metamaterial are respectively 6.33<!--> <!-->% and 23.58<!--> <!-->% smaller than classical auxetic material of same mass, its effective Poisson’s ratio and force efficiency are respectively 6.67<!--> <!-->% and 329.8<!--> <!-->% larger, and thus they can be seen as a potential candidate for protective devices. This work provides a novel strategy for designing auxetic materials, and opens a new avenue on improving specific functions of the mechanical metamaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 113577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Competitive peeling of bilayer films on rigid curved substrates 刚性弯曲基底上双层膜的竞争性剥离
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术
International Journal of Solids and Structures Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113571
Y.S. Wang, K.F. Wang, B.L. Wang, F.B. Wang
{"title":"Competitive peeling of bilayer films on rigid curved substrates","authors":"Y.S. Wang,&nbsp;K.F. Wang,&nbsp;B.L. Wang,&nbsp;F.B. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The competitive peeling behavior of bilayer films is a critical factor in transfer printing technologies. In this study, we model a length-mismatched bilayer as a stiffness-heterogeneous film and investigate its peeling behavior on curved substrates using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the principle of minimum potential energy. In contrast to flat substrates, curvature-induced pre-stored strain energy leads to a counterintuitive decrease in peak peeling force with increasing stiffness. We derive a critical condition for spontaneous delamination as the film stiffness increases. The effects of substrate curvature and peeling angle on the peeling process are also systematically analyzed. Using the critical peeling force associated with the onset of interfacial damage as a criterion, we further examine the competition between delamination pathways at different interfaces, and evaluate the feasibility of controlling fracture routes through curvature-based modulation of the bilayer structure. Additionally, an analytical criterion is established to delineate the applicability range of this curvature-mediated strategy. The theoretical predictions are validated through both quantitative and qualitative experiments. Overall, this work provides new insights into geometry-guided delamination and offers potential design principles for mechanically tunable transfer printing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 113571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analytical solution and experimental verification for elastoplastic deformation of coronary stents 冠状动脉支架弹塑性变形的解析解与实验验证
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术
International Journal of Solids and Structures Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113570
Jing Zhang , Xinchun Shang
{"title":"Analytical solution and experimental verification for elastoplastic deformation of coronary stents","authors":"Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinchun Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical behaviours of the Palmaz-Schatz stent, including expansion, foreshortening and recoil, were analyzed. Based on Timoshenko beam bending theory and the linearly hardened elastoplastic constitutive relationship, the mathematical model of the problem was developed through equilibrium and deformation analysis of the stent’s substructural units. The explicit relationship between the radial expansion deformation and the pressure applied to the stent’s inner wall was derived analytically. Expansion experiments were designed and performed on the stents with enlarged size. The results verified the applicability of the proposed theoretical model and analytical solutions. The effects of geometric and material parameters on the stent’s elastoplastic deformation were analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 113570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A consistent finite-strain thermomechanical quasi-nonlinear-viscoelastic viscoplastic constitutive model for thermoplastic polymers 热塑性聚合物一致有限应变热力学拟非线性粘弹性粘塑性本构模型
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术
International Journal of Solids and Structures Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113517
Ujwal Kishore Jinaga , Kepa Zulueta , Aizeti Burgoa , Lucia Cobian , Ubiratan Freitas , Michael Lackner , Zoltan Major , Ludovic Noels
{"title":"A consistent finite-strain thermomechanical quasi-nonlinear-viscoelastic viscoplastic constitutive model for thermoplastic polymers","authors":"Ujwal Kishore Jinaga ,&nbsp;Kepa Zulueta ,&nbsp;Aizeti Burgoa ,&nbsp;Lucia Cobian ,&nbsp;Ubiratan Freitas ,&nbsp;Michael Lackner ,&nbsp;Zoltan Major ,&nbsp;Ludovic Noels","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermomechanical models for thermoplastics address the highly nonlinear constitutive behaviour of semicrystalline polymers using a combination of viscoelastic and viscoplastic theories. This paper introduces a novel thermodynamically consistent quasi-non-linear thermoviscoelastic formulation in finite strain using Maxwell elements with strain-dependent moduli. The novelty encompasses the solution to the convolution integrals arising from quasi-non-linearity and the corresponding internal dissipation. This formulation is intended to produce large non-linearities in the elastic regime, including tension–compression asymmetry, which is apparent in semi-crystalline polymers subjected to thermomechanical cyclic loading. To model thermoviscoplasticity, a Drucker–Prager yield function and a Perzyna-type flow rule are considered. Additionally, reversible Mullins’-type damage as a function of the quasi-non-linear thermoviscoelastic model’s deformation energy to describe the unloading response is considered. The model is formulated in a thermodynamically consistent manner by considering appropriate strain and stress measures in an intermediate configuration. For validation, this model is applied to conventional thermoplastic semicrystalline polymers, polypropylene and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The experimental campaign for calibration and validation consists of Dynamic Mechanical Analyses (DMA) and uniaxial monotonic and cyclic tests in tension and compression. To further elucidate the applicability of this model, validation is performed by comparing numerical results to experimental performance under torsion of 3D-printed TPU specimens at varying strain rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 113517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficient virtual element modeling of the bending failure in BCC lattice sandwich panels manufactured by L-PBF L-PBF制造的BCC点阵夹芯板弯曲破坏的有效虚拟元建模
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术
International Journal of Solids and Structures Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113567
Marco Lo Cascio, Gaetano Pollara, Dina Palmeri, Gianluca Buffa, Alberto Milazzo, Livan Fratini
{"title":"Efficient virtual element modeling of the bending failure in BCC lattice sandwich panels manufactured by L-PBF","authors":"Marco Lo Cascio,&nbsp;Gaetano Pollara,&nbsp;Dina Palmeri,&nbsp;Gianluca Buffa,&nbsp;Alberto Milazzo,&nbsp;Livan Fratini","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lattice structures are gaining increasing interest in the aerospace field thanks to their promising applications. They can be used in metal sandwich panels as a core to reduce weight and provide additional functions to the structure. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) represents one of the best solutions to manufacture metal structures when high resolution is required. Finite element-based simulations of lattice structures’ complex geometry require an extremely fine mesh, leading to prohibitively high computational costs and making the finite element model impractical for analysis. The Virtual Element Method (VEM) is a recently developed numerical technique that provides several advantages over the traditional finite element method. These advantages include the capability to manage complex geometries accurately, enhanced performance with distorted meshes, and increased flexibility in mesh generation. This paper introduces a novel and computationally efficient numerical approach that combines a non-linear Virtual Element Method formulation and equivalent two-dimensional modeling to predict the bending failure of Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) lattice sandwich panels fabricated via L-PBF. To validate and illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed approach, numerical results are compared with experimental observations. For this purpose, a range of specimen configurations featuring different unit cell sizes and beam radius values were produced and tested. The findings reveal a strong alignment between the numerical predictions and experimental data and provide valuable insights into the failure mechanisms involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 113567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rigid- and flat-foldable grid origami structure exhibiting bifurcation of mechanism in non-flat state 刚性和可平折网格折纸结构在非平状态下具有分支机构
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术
International Journal of Solids and Structures Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113520
Kentaro Hayakawa , Makoto Ohsaki
{"title":"Rigid- and flat-foldable grid origami structure exhibiting bifurcation of mechanism in non-flat state","authors":"Kentaro Hayakawa ,&nbsp;Makoto Ohsaki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates a novel origami-based flat-foldable structure for its rigid-folding mechanism and elastic deformation using two models: a panel-pin model and a finite element model. The entire proposed structure consists of unit structures arranged in a grid pattern on a plane. Each unit is a ring of eight right-angled isosceles triangular panels connected by hinges. The single unit has the same configuration as a single layer of the well-known Yoshimura tube. The infinitesimal mechanism analysis of the structure using a panel-pin model with the three units in both grid directions reveals that the proposed structure exhibits a single-degree-of-freedom mechanism except in the flat-folded states and a single isolated non-flat singular state where the rigid-folding mechanism bifurcates. Notably, the bifurcated mechanism in the non-flat singular state is only a first-order infinitesimal mechanism and cannot lead to a finite mechanism. By contrast, the stiffness in the direction of this bifurcated mechanism, investigated through the eigenvalue analysis of the tangent stiffness matrix of the panel-pin model, is the smallest among those in the directions of eigenmodes. This is also confirmed in the natural frequency analysis of the finite element model consisting of shell and hinge elements. Furthermore, the uniform panel thickness can be simply assigned to the proposed structure, and the single-degree-of-freedom rigid-folding mechanism is consistent in the presence of any panel thickness. These distinctive properties offer promising potential for innovative deployable, morphing, and bending active structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 113520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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